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Masthead: Starch ‐ Stärke 1–2/2024 刊头:淀粉--强度 1-2/2024
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/star.202470026
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Board: Starch ‐ Stärke 1–2/2024 编辑委员会:淀粉 - 淀粉 1-2/2024
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/star.202470025
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引用次数: 0
Contents: Starch ‐ Stärke 1–2/2024 内容:淀粉 - 强度 1-2/2024
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/star.202470027
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引用次数: 0
Modification, Structural Characterizations, and Biological Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides: A Review 硫酸化多糖的改性、结构特征和生物活性:综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300116
Zitong Hao, Shasha Dai, Jiaqi Tan, Yuchao Gao, Yumei Sang, Hongkun Xue
Polysaccharides are another important class of bioactive macromolecules in organisms, in addition to proteins and nucleic acids. Numerous studies have confirmed that polysaccharides have various biological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and other activities, which have attracted the attention of researchers in the biomedical field. In the past decade, increasing researches have found that sulfation modification can improve many physicochemical properties of polysaccharides, significantly enhance their original biological activities, and even generate new activity. Hence, sulfated polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention. A systematic review of the latest research progress and future development prospects of sulfated polysaccharides is very essential to better understand them. Hence, the study has systematically summarized current knowledge about synthesis, structural characteristics, biological activities, and potential molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides. This review provides some valuable insights and important guidance for the further study of sulfated polysaccharides.
多糖是生物体内除蛋白质和核酸之外的另一类重要生物活性大分子。大量研究证实,多糖具有多种生物活性,包括抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、免疫调节、抗癌等,引起了生物医学领域研究人员的关注。近十年来,越来越多的研究发现,硫酸化修饰可以改善多糖的许多理化性质,显著提高其原有的生物活性,甚至产生新的活性。因此,硫酸化多糖受到越来越多的关注。系统综述硫酸化多糖的最新研究进展和未来发展前景,对于更好地了解硫酸化多糖非常必要。因此,本研究系统地总结了目前有关硫酸化多糖的合成、结构特征、生物活性和潜在分子机制的知识。这篇综述为硫酸化多糖的进一步研究提供了一些有价值的见解和重要的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Physical Pretreatment on Common Bean Starch at Acid Hydrolyzed Nanocrystals Structure and Properties 物理预处理对酸性水解纳米晶体结构和性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300204
V. Z. Pinto, Camila Costa Pinto, Sérgio Michielon de Souza, Khalid Moomand, B. Biduski, Gustavo Henrique Fidelis dos Santos, Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
Starch nanocrystals (SNC) are insoluble platelets with crystalline structures produced by acid hydrolysis. Pretreatments, including heat–moisture treatment (HMT), annealing (ANN), and sonication (SNT) can be used to improve SNC properties. They investigate the impact of these pretreatments on SNC structure and properties, including hydrolysis kinetics and yield, molecular structure, infrared spectroscopy, crystallinity (Xc), and thermal stability. Hydrolysis of native and pretreated starches followed a two‐phase first‐order model with an initial rapid stage and a slower second stage based on the k‐values. SNC yield is improved by at least 180% than previously reported. HMT SNC yield is 42.3% while native SNC is 35.2%. Structural analysis reveals that SNC displayed an A‐type structure with increased Xc. However, prolonged acid hydrolysis (7 days) reduces Xc by breaking long molecular chains into shorter glucose ones, reducing SNC yield. Melting temperatures (Tp) of pretreated SNC increase after 5 days of hydrolysis. Pretreated carioca bean starch shows advantages for SNC production after 5 days of hydrolysis, reaching good yield and Xc. HMT and SNT prove effective in improving hydrolysis yield and thermal stability, while ANN slightly accelerates SNC production. Their findings provide valuable insights into optimizing pretreatments for enhancing SNC properties and expanding their applications.
淀粉纳米晶体(SNC)是由酸水解产生的具有结晶结构的不溶性小板块。热湿处理(HMT)、退火(ANN)和超声处理(SNT)等预处理方法可用于改善 SNC 的性能。他们研究了这些预处理对 SNC 结构和性能的影响,包括水解动力学和产量、分子结构、红外光谱、结晶度 (Xc) 和热稳定性。根据 k 值,原生淀粉和预处理淀粉的水解遵循两相一阶模型,初始阶段较快,第二阶段较慢。与以前的报告相比,SNC 产量至少提高了 180%。HMT SNC 产量为 42.3%,而原生 SNC 产量为 35.2%。结构分析表明,SNC 显示出一种 Xc 增加的 A 型结构。然而,长时间的酸水解(7 天)会将长分子链分解成较短的葡萄糖分子链,从而降低 Xc,减少 SNC 产量。水解 5 天后,预处理 SNC 的熔融温度(Tp)升高。预处理过的木薯豆淀粉在水解 5 天后显示出生产 SNC 的优势,产量和 Xc 都很高。事实证明,HMT 和 SNT 能有效提高水解产量和热稳定性,而 ANN 能稍微加快 SNC 的生产。他们的研究结果为优化预处理以提高 SNC 性能和扩大其应用范围提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Acid Hydrolyzed Pearl Millet Starch Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization 酸水解珍珠粟淀粉纳米颗粒:合成与表征
Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300172
Prafull Chavan, Archana Sinhmar, Rahul Thory, Somesh Sharma, Sakshi Sukhija, Gurvendra Pal Singh, Krishna Aayush, Jay Singh, Deepak Kumar
Abstract The amylose content in native starch is reduced through hydrolysis, impacting its physicochemical properties. Starch nanoparticles exhibit enhanced water and oil absorption capacities, attributed to increased hydrolysis and subsequently higher solubility. Moreover, the swelling power of starch nanoparticles is notably higher, indicating improved functionality. Pasting properties are altered, with reduced peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity in modified starches. Dynamic light scattering reveals a significant reduction in particle size for starch nanoparticles compared to native starch. Morphological analysis using field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) highlights distinct granule shapes and surfaces between the two starch types. The X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm an A‐type crystalline structure in both native and modified starches. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verifies no significant difference in functional groups due to extraction or hydrolysis methods. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the chemical modification of pearl millet starch, shedding light on its potential applications in various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals.
摘要天然淀粉中的直链淀粉通过水解降低了其含量,影响了其理化性质。淀粉纳米颗粒表现出增强的水和油吸收能力,归因于增加的水解和随后更高的溶解度。此外,淀粉纳米颗粒的膨胀力明显提高,表明功能得到改善。糊化性质发生改变,改性淀粉的峰值粘度、破裂粘度和挫折粘度降低。动态光散射表明,与天然淀粉相比,淀粉纳米颗粒的粒径显著减小。利用场发射-扫描电子显微镜(FE - SEM)进行的形态分析突出了两种淀粉类型之间不同的颗粒形状和表面。X射线衍射图证实了原生淀粉和改性淀粉均为A型晶体结构。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)证实,由于提取或水解方法,官能团没有显着差异。这项全面的研究为珍珠粟淀粉的化学改性提供了有价值的见解,揭示了其在包括食品和制药在内的各个行业的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Starch Foams and Their Additives: A Brief Review 淀粉泡沫及其添加剂综述
Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300012
Camila da Silva Figueiró, Carmen Iara Walter Calcagno, Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana
Abstract Short‐life packaging has been contributing to the increased consumption of polymers. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a material that is widely used in disposable packaging, however, its residue occupies a large volume, is difficult to degrade, and its recycling is expensive. That's why the interest in looking for a material of natural and biodegradable origin that can be an alternative to petrochemical‐based polymers. One possibility would be starch, which is a natural and biodegradable polysaccharide and can be extracted from different sources. However, natural starch does not have good properties for commercial application, requiring chemical modifications and/or the incorporation of additives. This article carried out a compilation of current studies that work on the development of packaging, whether film or foams, based on plasticized starch (TPS), and analyzes the influence of the incorporation of additives or treatments carried out in the starch. The blowing agent decreases foam density, cell size, and increases cell density. Incorporation of glycerol in starch foams increases the gelatinization temperature, decreases viscosity and resistance to expansion. The surfactant decreases the density and moisture absorption of the foam, the nucleating agent acted by increasing the mechanical strength and density of the foam, and decreases the absorption of water.
摘要:短寿命包装一直在增加聚合物的消耗。膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)是一种广泛应用于一次性包装的材料,但其残留物占用体积大,难以降解,回收成本高。这就是为什么人们对寻找一种天然的、可生物降解的材料感兴趣,这种材料可以替代基于石化的聚合物。一种可能是淀粉,它是一种天然的、可生物降解的多糖,可以从不同的来源提取。然而,天然淀粉的性能不适合商业应用,需要化学改性和/或加入添加剂。本文对目前以增塑淀粉(TPS)为基础的包装(薄膜或泡沫)的发展进行了研究汇编,并分析了添加剂的掺入或淀粉处理的影响。发泡剂降低泡沫密度,细胞大小,并增加细胞密度。在淀粉泡沫中加入甘油可提高糊化温度,降低粘度和抗膨胀性。表面活性剂降低了泡沫的密度和吸湿性,成核剂的作用是增加泡沫的机械强度和密度,降低了吸水性。
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引用次数: 0
Extraction, Characterization, Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic of Pectic Polysaccharides from Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) Peels 哈密瓜果胶多糖的提取、表征、抗氧化及降糖作用皮
Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300157
Hui Sun, Ruizhan Chen, Fanlei Meng, Helong Bai, Li Tian, Juan Lu, Chunlong Bai, Dongxue Li, Wenjing Wu, Yongtang Wang, Mingze Gong
Abstract In this study, microwave extraction (ME) of pectic polysaccharides (M‐CPPs) from cantaloupe peels (CPs) is optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD). The optimum ME parameters are liquid–solid ratio 26.04 mL g −1 , microwave power 543.04 W, irradiation time 6.38 min, and pH 1.5. Compared heat reflux extraction polysaccharides (H‐CPPs), the yield, the contents of neutral sugars (TSC), uronic acids (UAC), total flavonoids (TFC), total phenolics (TPC), sulfate groups (SGC) of M‐CPPs increased by 156.06%, 15.33%, 7.27%, 1019.05%, 1.75%, and 57.89%, but the molecular weight (Mw) and degree of esterification (DE) reduced by 29.08% and 24.81%, respectively. M‐CPPs exhibit superior antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities than H‐CPPs, which may be attributed to its higher UAC, TFC and SGC, lower Mw, and DE. There is almost no change in the monosaccharide types of isolated polysaccharides, only a change in molar ratio. Results proved that ME is an efficient technique for the extraction and modification of pectic polysaccharides (CPPs) from CPs with high yield, strong antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities for applications in medical and food industries.
摘要本研究采用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)优化响应面法(RSM)对哈密瓜皮(CPs)中果胶多糖(M‐CPPs)的微波提取工艺。最佳ME参数为液固比26.04 mL g−1,微波功率543.04 W,辐照时间6.38 min, pH 1.5。与热回流提取的多糖(H‐CPPs)相比,M‐CPPs的产率、中性糖(TSC)、醛酸(UAC)、总黄酮(TFC)、总酚(TPC)、硫酸盐基(SGC)含量分别提高了156.06%、15.33%、7.27%、1019.05%、1.75%和57.89%,而分子量(Mw)和酯化度(DE)分别降低了29.08%和24.81%。M‐CPPs表现出比H‐CPPs更强的抗氧化和降糖活性,这可能是由于其更高的UAC、TFC和SGC,更低的Mw和DE。分离多糖的单糖类型几乎没有变化,只有摩尔比的变化。结果表明,ME是一种高效的从石蜡中提取和改性果胶多糖的技术,具有较高的产率、较强的抗氧化和降糖活性,可用于医药和食品工业。
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引用次数: 0
Polysaccharides‐Based Hybrid Materials for Bio‐ and Non‐Bio Sectors 生物和非生物领域的多糖类杂化材料
Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300233
Muhammad Bilal
There is a growing demand from the government, industry, and end-users for products that possess biodegradability, carbon neutrality, environmental friendliness, and low risks to human health. Polysaccharides are vital biopolymers that consist of monosaccharide subunits connected by glycosidic linkages. Different polysaccharides exhibit a wide array of functional groups, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, acetyl, and sulfonic acids, contributing to their versatility as biopolymers compared to other biomolecules. Furthermore, the bioprocessing of polysaccharides is characterized by its simplicity, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for large-scale production. The appealing combination of biodegradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility displayed by these biopolymers, along with their diverse structural characteristics and desirable physical, biological, and chemical properties, has captured the interest of researchers from various disciplines. Consequently, there has been a substantial spike in the exploration of polysaccharides and their prospective applications in biotechnological fields, such as tissue engineering, gene delivery, drug delivery, wound dressing, cancer therapy, biosensing, and water treatment. Naturally occurring polysaccharides like starch, alginates, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, dextran, and hyaluronic acid, as well as their hybrid derivatives with multifunctional attributes, have garnered substantial interest in biotechnological, industrial, and biomedical applications. Additionally, nanostructured materials based on polysaccharides have demonstrated great promise in recent years, particularly in chemical and biomedical research, due to their abundance, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic nature. Therefore, there has been a notable shift in focus towards hybrid materials, encompassing both micro- and nano-scale dimensions and their potential applications across various sectors in the modern world. Exploiting meticulously designed materials facilitates the creation of well-defined prototypes that enable a series of purposeful actions. This special edition spotlights the recent research in the design, development, and emerging applications of polysaccharides-based hybrid materials for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. All the articles published in this issue underscore the significance of materials derived from cellulose, alginate, chitosan, starch, and carrageenan for various applications, including enzyme production, encapsulation, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, tissue engineering, cosmeceutical formulations, food packaging, and water/wastewater treatment. On behalf of the editorial board, I would like to extend sincere gratitude to all the authors who have made significant contributions to this special issue. The Starch journal is committed to advancing our understanding of polysaccharides-based hybrid materials in biotech
政府、工业和最终用户对具有生物可降解性、碳中和性、环境友好性和对人类健康风险低的产品的需求日益增长。多糖是由糖苷键连接的单糖亚基组成的重要生物聚合物。不同的多糖表现出广泛的官能团,包括羟基、羧基、氨基、乙酰和磺酸,与其他生物分子相比,这有助于它们作为生物聚合物的多功能性。此外,多糖的生物加工具有简单、环保、经济、适合大规模生产的特点。这些生物聚合物具有生物可降解性、无毒性和生物相容性,以及它们不同的结构特征和理想的物理、生物和化学特性,引起了各个学科研究人员的兴趣。因此,对多糖及其在生物技术领域(如组织工程、基因传递、药物传递、伤口敷料、癌症治疗、生物传感和水处理)的潜在应用的探索出现了实质性的激增。天然存在的多糖,如淀粉、海藻酸盐、几丁质、壳聚糖、纤维素、葡聚糖和透明质酸,以及它们具有多功能属性的杂交衍生物,已经在生物技术、工业和生物医学应用中获得了极大的兴趣。此外,基于多糖的纳米结构材料近年来表现出巨大的前景,特别是在化学和生物医学研究中,由于其丰富,良好的生物相容性,可生物降解性,成本效益和无毒性质。因此,人们对混合材料的关注有了显著的转变,包括微观和纳米尺度及其在现代世界各个领域的潜在应用。利用精心设计的材料有助于创建定义良好的原型,从而实现一系列有目的的动作。本特别版重点介绍了生物技术和生物医学用途的多糖基混合材料的设计,开发和新兴应用方面的最新研究。所有发表在这期杂志上的文章都强调了纤维素、海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、淀粉和卡拉胶等材料在酶生产、胶囊化、靶向给药、药物控制释放、组织工程、药妆配方、食品包装和水/废水处理等方面的重要应用。我谨代表编委会向为本期特刊做出重要贡献的各位作者表示衷心的感谢。淀粉杂志致力于推进我们对生物技术中以多糖为基础的杂交材料的理解。Muhammad Bilal博士是波兰格但斯克格但斯克工业大学土木与环境工程学院卫生工程系副教授。他在上海交通大学获得博士学位,专攻生物工程和应用生物技术。他在科学和工程的各个领域以研究、评论、书籍章节和编辑型科学文章的形式发表了700多篇科学贡献。他的h指数为72,被引用超过22000次。他是《生物工程》(Taylor & Francis)、《微生物学前沿》、《化学工程前沿》和《环境科学前沿》(Frontiers)的副主编。他编辑了一些特刊和书籍,并在许多同行评议的期刊上担任科学审稿人。他的主要研究方向为生物工程、生物技术、生物催化、酶工程、固定化、废水处理、酶降解、危险污染物和新兴污染物的生物修复、废物管理和农业工业废物的价值化。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Nano Starch from Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)纳米淀粉的形态、热及物理化学特性
Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/star.202300095
Augusto Pumacahua‐Ramos, Ivo Mottin Demiate, Ana Paula Travalini, Andressa Gabardo Granza, Fabiane Oliveira Farias, Egon Schnitzler, José Francisco Lopes‐Filho
Abstract The objective of the study is to determine some physical and thermal properties of Cañihua ( Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) starch of variety Ramis grown at high altitude. Starch is extracted after hydration of the grains in a solution containing 0.2% SO 2 and 0.55% lactic acid for 12 h at 30 °C. Particle Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X‐Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer (RVA) are used for characterization. The results show that the starches have a polyhedral shape and 85% have diameters in the range 712–955 nm. Surface agglomerated starches have low roughness values. The XRD shows the characteristic peaks of the starches type A, relative crystallinity of 28.52%, and the transmittance ratio (1045/1022 cm −1 ) of 1.33 from the FT‐IR. DTG shows three peaks of decomposition (203, 354, and 512 °C) and thermal stability of 251 °C. The temperature and enthalpy change of gelatinization are 62.7 °C and 3.64 J g −1 , respectively. The RVA analysis shows viscosity with pasting temperature of 60.2 °C, limited peak viscosity at 95 °C, low breakdown (537 mPa s), and high setback (774.7 mPa s) during cooling. This small granule starch shows potential for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and food industries.
摘要本研究旨在测定高原生长的苎麻(Ramis)品种Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)淀粉的一些物理和热性质。在含有0.2% so2和0.55%乳酸的溶液中,在30℃下水化12小时,提取淀粉。采用颗粒分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示热重法(DTG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和快速粘度分析仪(RVA)进行表征。结果表明,制备的淀粉呈多面体形状,85%的淀粉直径在712 ~ 955 nm之间。表面凝聚淀粉的粗糙度值很低。XRD表征了A型淀粉的特征峰,相对结晶度为28.52%,FT - IR透射比(1045/1022 cm−1)为1.33。DTG有三个分解峰(203、354和512℃),热稳定性为251℃。凝胶化的温度和焓变分别为62.7℃和3.64 J g−1。RVA分析表明,黏度在膏体温度为60.2°C时,黏度峰值在95°C时受限,冷却过程中低击穿(537 mPa s)和高挫折(774.7 mPa s)。这种小颗粒淀粉在制药、化妆品、化学和食品工业中具有潜在的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
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Starch - Stärke
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