Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000682
J. Grgic
{"title":"Effects of Music on Resistance Exercise Performance","authors":"J. Grgic","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"3 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000674
T. Donaldson, Malcolm Scantlebury, James W. Furness, K. Kemp-Smith, S. Newcomer, M. Climstein
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Surfing has grown significantly in the past decade as highlighted by its inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games. This growth substantiates a need for training methods that improve surfing performance. The purpose of this review is to (a) identify training methods available to competitive and recreational surfers in peer-reviewed literature, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of these methods, and (c) highlight any limitations and potential areas for future research. Five electronic databases were searched, and 8 papers were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Five of these studies used a quasiexperimental design, and 1 used a case study. The remaining 2 studies used field-based outcome measures specific to paddling; however, no study demonstrated improvement in wave-riding performance. The main training methods identified were (a) resistance training, (b) unstable surface training, and (c) cardiovascular training. Maximal strength training of the upper-body and high-intensity and sprint-interval paddling demonstrated effectiveness for improving paddling performance; however, unstable surface training was ineffective. Although all interventions improved laboratory-based outcomes, there were no objective measures of wave-riding performance. The findings of this scoping review demonstrate a paucity and low level of evidence in peer-reviewed literature relating training methods to surfing performance.
{"title":"Training Methods in the Sport of Surfing: A Scoping Review","authors":"T. Donaldson, Malcolm Scantlebury, James W. Furness, K. Kemp-Smith, S. Newcomer, M. Climstein","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000674","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Surfing has grown significantly in the past decade as highlighted by its inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games. This growth substantiates a need for training methods that improve surfing performance. The purpose of this review is to (a) identify training methods available to competitive and recreational surfers in peer-reviewed literature, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of these methods, and (c) highlight any limitations and potential areas for future research. Five electronic databases were searched, and 8 papers were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Five of these studies used a quasiexperimental design, and 1 used a case study. The remaining 2 studies used field-based outcome measures specific to paddling; however, no study demonstrated improvement in wave-riding performance. The main training methods identified were (a) resistance training, (b) unstable surface training, and (c) cardiovascular training. Maximal strength training of the upper-body and high-intensity and sprint-interval paddling demonstrated effectiveness for improving paddling performance; however, unstable surface training was ineffective. Although all interventions improved laboratory-based outcomes, there were no objective measures of wave-riding performance. The findings of this scoping review demonstrate a paucity and low level of evidence in peer-reviewed literature relating training methods to surfing performance.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"21 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000667
Z. Mang, L. Kravitz, J. Beam
ABSTRACT The principle of specificity confers that physiological adaptations to exercise reflect the specific stimuli applied during an exercise training program. When applied to resistance training (RT), the principle of specificity implies that the acquisition of strength, which is often measured as a 1 repetition maximum, is specific to several variables of an RT program such as intensity, contraction type, and motor pattern. Although the principle of specificity holds true, a phenomenon called “transfer” also occurs when a lifter increases their strength in an exercise that they did not train. For example, if a lifter performed lunges in lieu of back squat, but their back squat strength increased anyway, there would be transfer between the lunge and back squat. This column summarizes recent research that reported transfer between bilateral exercises, unilateral to bilateral exercises, and single-joint to multiple-joint exercises and provides several recommendations for practical applications along the way.
{"title":"Transfer Between Lifts: Increased Strength in Untrained Exercises","authors":"Z. Mang, L. Kravitz, J. Beam","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The principle of specificity confers that physiological adaptations to exercise reflect the specific stimuli applied during an exercise training program. When applied to resistance training (RT), the principle of specificity implies that the acquisition of strength, which is often measured as a 1 repetition maximum, is specific to several variables of an RT program such as intensity, contraction type, and motor pattern. Although the principle of specificity holds true, a phenomenon called “transfer” also occurs when a lifter increases their strength in an exercise that they did not train. For example, if a lifter performed lunges in lieu of back squat, but their back squat strength increased anyway, there would be transfer between the lunge and back squat. This column summarizes recent research that reported transfer between bilateral exercises, unilateral to bilateral exercises, and single-joint to multiple-joint exercises and provides several recommendations for practical applications along the way.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"101 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-07DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000675
Toby J. Brooks, Doug W. Dendy
{"title":"Implementing an Injury Prevention and Performance Enhancement Program During a Softball Season for Young Female Athletes","authors":"Toby J. Brooks, Doug W. Dendy","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89775321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000670
Ai Ishida, Caleb D. Bazyler, Adam L. Sayers, M. Stone, J. Gentles
ABSTRACT National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women's soccer players spend 2–3 weeks in preseason, followed by 12–14 weeks in the competitive season. Because of a short, intense preseason followed by the long competitive season, athlete monitoring programs would play an important role in maximizing physical preparation and match performance while minimizing unfavorable adaptations and fatigue during the NCAA Division I collegiate women's soccer competitive season. Athlete monitoring measures can be used to assess training load (TL), the response to TL, and a player's physical and psychological readiness to train or play during the competitive season. Session rating of perceived exertion and global navigation satellite system measures are common load monitoring measures, whereas subjective recovery and stress questionnaires, heart rate measures, performance tests, and biochemical measures are monitoring measures to estimate the response to TL. This article aims to review the roles of these athlete monitoring measures and provide the physical performance demands of women's soccer match play and athlete monitoring strategies. Furthermore, this article provides practitioner examples of athlete monitoring programs based on NCAA Division I women's soccer match schedules and limitations.
{"title":"Evidence and Application of Athlete Monitoring Programs in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Soccer: A Narrative Review","authors":"Ai Ishida, Caleb D. Bazyler, Adam L. Sayers, M. Stone, J. Gentles","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women's soccer players spend 2–3 weeks in preseason, followed by 12–14 weeks in the competitive season. Because of a short, intense preseason followed by the long competitive season, athlete monitoring programs would play an important role in maximizing physical preparation and match performance while minimizing unfavorable adaptations and fatigue during the NCAA Division I collegiate women's soccer competitive season. Athlete monitoring measures can be used to assess training load (TL), the response to TL, and a player's physical and psychological readiness to train or play during the competitive season. Session rating of perceived exertion and global navigation satellite system measures are common load monitoring measures, whereas subjective recovery and stress questionnaires, heart rate measures, performance tests, and biochemical measures are monitoring measures to estimate the response to TL. This article aims to review the roles of these athlete monitoring measures and provide the physical performance demands of women's soccer match play and athlete monitoring strategies. Furthermore, this article provides practitioner examples of athlete monitoring programs based on NCAA Division I women's soccer match schedules and limitations.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"33 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45219026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000664
Ishan Rawlley-Singh
ABSTRACT Successful performance in sport is a multifactorial process that includes a blend of technical, tactical, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological features interacting together to result in the desired performance outcome. The strength and conditioning (S&C) program, depending on the sport, can support performance by influencing the physiological and biomechanical components through direct and indirect avenues of impact. Performance planning to achieve identified objectives is typically a long-term process, ranging from a year in seasonal professional team sports to a four-year Olympic cycle. It is critical to develop and implement key strategic processes to ensure that the S&C program effectively supports performance at major competitions. Furthermore, it is essential to have clarity for the role of S&C within the overall sports training program. Having a clear approach to deconstructing and understanding performance from a human performance perspective, showing how and where the impact on performance can be made, and objectively demonstrating the contribution to performance variables is vital. The current article uses the author's experience of working across a range of Olympic and professional sports to articulate a process for strategic planning and managing S&C support from a technical perspective. Examples from various sports have been used to illustrate critical strategic processes.
{"title":"Strategic Planning and Program Management of Strength and Conditioning Support Within Elite Sport: A Technical Systems-Driven Perspective","authors":"Ishan Rawlley-Singh","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000664","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Successful performance in sport is a multifactorial process that includes a blend of technical, tactical, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological features interacting together to result in the desired performance outcome. The strength and conditioning (S&C) program, depending on the sport, can support performance by influencing the physiological and biomechanical components through direct and indirect avenues of impact. Performance planning to achieve identified objectives is typically a long-term process, ranging from a year in seasonal professional team sports to a four-year Olympic cycle. It is critical to develop and implement key strategic processes to ensure that the S&C program effectively supports performance at major competitions. Furthermore, it is essential to have clarity for the role of S&C within the overall sports training program. Having a clear approach to deconstructing and understanding performance from a human performance perspective, showing how and where the impact on performance can be made, and objectively demonstrating the contribution to performance variables is vital. The current article uses the author's experience of working across a range of Olympic and professional sports to articulate a process for strategic planning and managing S&C support from a technical perspective. Examples from various sports have been used to illustrate critical strategic processes.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"88 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000663
A. Stuart, Kristen C. Cochrane-Snyman
ABSTRACT Speed skating is a time trial–based sport that requires skill, strength, power, and capacity. The unique demands of the sport require a thorough need analysis to better understand the physical requirements, potential injuries, and periodization to successfully prepare athletes. This article will focus on the overall development of the short-distance to middle-distance speed skater to provide coaches, athletes, and strength and conditioning professionals an understanding of the biomechanical, physiological, and energy system demands of the sport and to identify common injuries that are sustained from repeated efforts.
{"title":"Strength Training and Development in Competitive Speed Skating","authors":"A. Stuart, Kristen C. Cochrane-Snyman","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Speed skating is a time trial–based sport that requires skill, strength, power, and capacity. The unique demands of the sport require a thorough need analysis to better understand the physical requirements, potential injuries, and periodization to successfully prepare athletes. This article will focus on the overall development of the short-distance to middle-distance speed skater to provide coaches, athletes, and strength and conditioning professionals an understanding of the biomechanical, physiological, and energy system demands of the sport and to identify common injuries that are sustained from repeated efforts.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45676766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000666
M. Vagner, Vladan Olah, D. Cleather, P. Stastny
{"title":"Evidence-Based Functional Training to Improve Front Push Kick Technique, Speed, and Net Force Production","authors":"M. Vagner, Vladan Olah, D. Cleather, P. Stastny","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"563 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72436478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000669
Teja Licen, Miloš Kalc, M. Vogrin, Vida Bojnec
{"title":"Injury Prevention in Tennis Players, Linking the Kinetic Chain Approach With Myofascial Lines","authors":"Teja Licen, Miloš Kalc, M. Vogrin, Vida Bojnec","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86013010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000672
Joshua M. Miller
{"title":"Aerobic and Resistance Training for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injuries","authors":"Joshua M. Miller","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85237441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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