Pub Date : 2021-11-03DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000689
J. Shaw, Zachariah I. Gould, J. Oliver, R. Lloyd
ABSTRACT In the sport of golf, club head speed has been associated with higher skill levels in golfers and lower overall scoring. Research has shown that club head speed is an important measure of golf swing performance that can be enhanced with appropriate strength and conditioning interventions. Understanding the determinants of club head speed can help inform the design of testing batteries for talent identification and talent development of youth golfers. This review aims to highlight the current literature surrounding the biomechanical and physical determinants of golf swing performance and to examine the available tests that can be used to test these determinants in youth golfers.
{"title":"Physical Determinants of Golf Swing Performance: Considerations for Youth Golfers","authors":"J. Shaw, Zachariah I. Gould, J. Oliver, R. Lloyd","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the sport of golf, club head speed has been associated with higher skill levels in golfers and lower overall scoring. Research has shown that club head speed is an important measure of golf swing performance that can be enhanced with appropriate strength and conditioning interventions. Understanding the determinants of club head speed can help inform the design of testing batteries for talent identification and talent development of youth golfers. This review aims to highlight the current literature surrounding the biomechanical and physical determinants of golf swing performance and to examine the available tests that can be used to test these determinants in youth golfers.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"10 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48531763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000677
C. Bishop, A. Turner, Matt Jordan, J. Harry, I. Loturco, Jason P. Lake, P. Comfort
ABSTRACT Researchers and practitioners have highlighted the necessity to monitor jump strategy metrics and the commonly reported outcome measures during the countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) tests. However, there is a risk of confusion for practitioners, given the vast range of metrics that now seem to be on offer via analysis software when collecting data from force platforms. As such, practitioners may benefit from a framework that can help guide metric selection for commonly used jump tests, which is the primary purpose of this article. To contextualize the proposed framework, we have provided 2 examples for how this could work: one for the CMJ and one for the DJ, noting that these tests are commonly used by practitioners during routine testing across a range of sport performance and clinical settings.
{"title":"A Framework to Guide Practitioners for Selecting Metrics During the Countermovement and Drop Jump Tests","authors":"C. Bishop, A. Turner, Matt Jordan, J. Harry, I. Loturco, Jason P. Lake, P. Comfort","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000677","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers and practitioners have highlighted the necessity to monitor jump strategy metrics and the commonly reported outcome measures during the countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) tests. However, there is a risk of confusion for practitioners, given the vast range of metrics that now seem to be on offer via analysis software when collecting data from force platforms. As such, practitioners may benefit from a framework that can help guide metric selection for commonly used jump tests, which is the primary purpose of this article. To contextualize the proposed framework, we have provided 2 examples for how this could work: one for the CMJ and one for the DJ, noting that these tests are commonly used by practitioners during routine testing across a range of sport performance and clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"95 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000686
D. Paul, Luke Jones, P. Read
{"title":"Load Monitoring With Foucault","authors":"D. Paul, Luke Jones, P. Read","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77847770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000678
Jeff Young
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Certified National Strength and Conditioning Association personal trainers are “health/fitness professionals who, using an individualized approach, assess, motivate, educate, and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. They design safe and effective exercise programs, provide the guidance to help clients achieve their personal health/fitness goals, and respond appropriately in emergency situations. Recognizing their area of expertise, personal trainers refer clients to other health care professionals when appropriate.” The design of safe and effective exercise programs includes the need to stay current with published research and changes to relevant exercise guidelines. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of recent changes to the exercise preparticipation health screen, application of the physical activity readiness questionnaire for everyone (PAR-Q+), updated blood pressure guidelines, and recommendations for program design given these changes.
{"title":"Health Screening and Updated Blood Pressure Guidelines and Their Application for the Certified Personal Trainer","authors":"Jeff Young","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000678","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Certified National Strength and Conditioning Association personal trainers are “health/fitness professionals who, using an individualized approach, assess, motivate, educate, and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. They design safe and effective exercise programs, provide the guidance to help clients achieve their personal health/fitness goals, and respond appropriately in emergency situations. Recognizing their area of expertise, personal trainers refer clients to other health care professionals when appropriate.” The design of safe and effective exercise programs includes the need to stay current with published research and changes to relevant exercise guidelines. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of recent changes to the exercise preparticipation health screen, application of the physical activity readiness questionnaire for everyone (PAR-Q+), updated blood pressure guidelines, and recommendations for program design given these changes.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"29 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48900849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000673
Ben J. Pullen, J. Oliver, Rhodri S. Lloyd, Camilla J. Knight
ABSTRACT Leading health organizations and long-term athletic development models have identified the need to develop movement competencies in children and adolescents. The athletic motor skill competencies (AMSCs) have been identified as key skills that form the foundations of all athletic movements. The AMSCs form an integral part of the long-term athletic development of youth, and improving these qualities should be central to coaches working with young individuals. Multiple movement competency screens assess some aspects of the AMSC spectrum, but there is no consensus regarding which screens may be most appropriate for a given cohort or coaching environment. This review provides an evaluation of the movement screens available to assess various AMSCs and in turn considers their reliability, feasibility, strengths, and weaknesses when used with youth populations.
{"title":"Assessing Athletic Motor Skill Competencies in Youths: A Narrative Review of Movement Competency Screens","authors":"Ben J. Pullen, J. Oliver, Rhodri S. Lloyd, Camilla J. Knight","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Leading health organizations and long-term athletic development models have identified the need to develop movement competencies in children and adolescents. The athletic motor skill competencies (AMSCs) have been identified as key skills that form the foundations of all athletic movements. The AMSCs form an integral part of the long-term athletic development of youth, and improving these qualities should be central to coaches working with young individuals. Multiple movement competency screens assess some aspects of the AMSC spectrum, but there is no consensus regarding which screens may be most appropriate for a given cohort or coaching environment. This review provides an evaluation of the movement screens available to assess various AMSCs and in turn considers their reliability, feasibility, strengths, and weaknesses when used with youth populations.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"95 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41512506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000685
Ovidio Olivencia, Kelby Kaplan, Melissa Dreger, Michael Veloz, Alexander Kais, Katya Marlowe
ABSTRACT Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a multitude of signs and symptoms that arise from dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (eating), temporomandibular joint tissues, and associated anatomical structures. TMDs are recognized as a significant cause of orofacial pain, presenting in approximately 5–12% of the general population. TMDs are also common in sports with an estimated lifetime prevalence ranging from 11.7 to 77.8% of the athletic population. Basketball, handball, hockey, water polo, and swimming carry the highest risk. Given the prevalence of TMDs in the athletic and nonathletic population, there is a high likelihood that strength and conditioning (S&C) specialists will encounter individuals with TMDs. Thus, this article aims to provide the S&C specialist with an overview of the pathology and the management of TMDs with an emphasis on postrehabilitation exercise programming and self-management.
{"title":"Postrehabilitation Considerations for Individuals With Temporomandibular Disorders","authors":"Ovidio Olivencia, Kelby Kaplan, Melissa Dreger, Michael Veloz, Alexander Kais, Katya Marlowe","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a multitude of signs and symptoms that arise from dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (eating), temporomandibular joint tissues, and associated anatomical structures. TMDs are recognized as a significant cause of orofacial pain, presenting in approximately 5–12% of the general population. TMDs are also common in sports with an estimated lifetime prevalence ranging from 11.7 to 77.8% of the athletic population. Basketball, handball, hockey, water polo, and swimming carry the highest risk. Given the prevalence of TMDs in the athletic and nonathletic population, there is a high likelihood that strength and conditioning (S&C) specialists will encounter individuals with TMDs. Thus, this article aims to provide the S&C specialist with an overview of the pathology and the management of TMDs with an emphasis on postrehabilitation exercise programming and self-management.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"14 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000676
P. Moore, Alexandra Krause
ABSTRACT Evenly distributing protein throughout the day is being examined in current research to determine its affect on athletic performance and muscle protein synthesis. Research has suggested that protein amount and timing need to be taken into account to optimize the anabolic window and encourage muscle repair postworkout. This article provides a discussion of muscle protein synthesis, the protein threshold, increasing hypertrophy, the positive performance impact of evenly distributing protein throughout the day, and offers practical applications for these research-based recommendations. This article will help dietitians, strength and conditioning coaches, and others working with elite athletes and/or active adults to make recommendations that are evidence based and related to current research on protein timing and suggested amounts of protein throughout the day.
{"title":"Protein Distribution: Recommendations and Practical Applications for Elite Athletes and Active Adults","authors":"P. Moore, Alexandra Krause","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evenly distributing protein throughout the day is being examined in current research to determine its affect on athletic performance and muscle protein synthesis. Research has suggested that protein amount and timing need to be taken into account to optimize the anabolic window and encourage muscle repair postworkout. This article provides a discussion of muscle protein synthesis, the protein threshold, increasing hypertrophy, the positive performance impact of evenly distributing protein throughout the day, and offers practical applications for these research-based recommendations. This article will help dietitians, strength and conditioning coaches, and others working with elite athletes and/or active adults to make recommendations that are evidence based and related to current research on protein timing and suggested amounts of protein throughout the day.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"117 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41359465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000684
David L. Johnson, Matthew D. Bird
ABSTRACT Performance profiling is a client-led assessment tool that enables athletes to uncover strengths and weaknesses associated with their sporting performance. Initially designed to increase client commitment to a training program, the performance profiling technique presents an opportunity for the athlete to play an active role and contribute to the initial needs analysis process. This evidenced-based method of assessment has been shown to help clients increase their self-awareness, identify areas they can improve, and serve as a basis for goal setting. The tool also permits both client and practitioner to monitor and track progress over time. Although predominantly adopted for those providing psychological support to athletes, the performance profile may be beneficial for strength and conditioning coaches. This article aims to highlight the potential benefits of performance profiling within the field of strength and conditioning, provides guidelines with completed examples for strength and conditioning practitioners to integrate into their work with clients, and presents a brief overview of the theory underpinning the technique.
{"title":"Performance Profiling in Strength and Conditioning","authors":"David L. Johnson, Matthew D. Bird","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000684","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Performance profiling is a client-led assessment tool that enables athletes to uncover strengths and weaknesses associated with their sporting performance. Initially designed to increase client commitment to a training program, the performance profiling technique presents an opportunity for the athlete to play an active role and contribute to the initial needs analysis process. This evidenced-based method of assessment has been shown to help clients increase their self-awareness, identify areas they can improve, and serve as a basis for goal setting. The tool also permits both client and practitioner to monitor and track progress over time. Although predominantly adopted for those providing psychological support to athletes, the performance profile may be beneficial for strength and conditioning coaches. This article aims to highlight the potential benefits of performance profiling within the field of strength and conditioning, provides guidelines with completed examples for strength and conditioning practitioners to integrate into their work with clients, and presents a brief overview of the theory underpinning the technique.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"62 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43452920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000679
T. Lentine, Q. Johnson, R. Lockie, J. Joyce, R. Orr, J. Dawes
{"title":"Occupational Challenges to the Development and Maintenance of Physical Fitness Within Law Enforcement Officers","authors":"T. Lentine, Q. Johnson, R. Lockie, J. Joyce, R. Orr, J. Dawes","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89914361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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