Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000718
Zhiqiang Wang, Y. Zhong, Sugai Wang
ABSTRACT A successful snowboarding performance is a multifactorial accomplishment resulting from a complex interaction of the major fitness components. This review aimed to examine the anthropometric, physiological, and physical profiles of elite snowboarding athletes. A database search was performed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, SPORT Discus, and Web of Science. The findings indicate that (a) elite speed-based and skill-based athletes generally had low body fat percentages. The height and body mass of men speed-based athletes are slightly larger than those of skill-based athletes. (b) The energy system predominantly engaged in is anaerobic metabolism. Muscle oxidative metabolism could help to promote recovery in the repeated high-intensity runs. (c) Top levels of lower-body strength, especially the eccentric force production and explosive concentric power production of athletes, have a determinant role in rapid riding and turning, jump amplitude, trick difficulty, and successful landing. The take-off velocity of skill-based snowboarding and the starting and turning speed of speed-based snowboarding also have a major effect on success in competitions. Further research is warranted to investigate the anthropometry, the relative energy system contributions from aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and the effect of physical training on performance while considering the possible differentiated effects of different snowboarding disciplines.
摘要成功的单板滑雪成绩是由主要健身成分的复杂相互作用产生的多因素成就。这篇综述旨在检验优秀单板滑雪运动员的人体测量、生理和身体特征。在中国国家知识基础设施、PubMed、SPORT Discus和Web of Science上进行了数据库搜索。研究结果表明：（a）以速度为基础和以技术为基础的精英运动员的体脂百分比通常较低。男子速度型运动员的身高和体重略大于技术型运动员。（b） 主要参与的能量系统是厌氧代谢。肌肉氧化代谢有助于在重复的高强度跑步中促进恢复。（c） 下半身力量的顶级水平，尤其是运动员的偏心力和爆发力，对快速骑行和转身、跳跃幅度、技巧难度和成功落地都有决定性作用。基于技术的单板滑雪的起飞速度和基于速度的单板雪的起步和转弯速度也对比赛的成功有重要影响。需要进一步研究人体测量、有氧和无氧代谢对能量系统的相对贡献，以及体育训练对成绩的影响，同时考虑不同单板滑雪学科可能产生的差异效应。
{"title":"Anthropometric, Physiological, and Physical Profile of Elite Snowboarding Athletes","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang, Y. Zhong, Sugai Wang","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000718","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A successful snowboarding performance is a multifactorial accomplishment resulting from a complex interaction of the major fitness components. This review aimed to examine the anthropometric, physiological, and physical profiles of elite snowboarding athletes. A database search was performed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, SPORT Discus, and Web of Science. The findings indicate that (a) elite speed-based and skill-based athletes generally had low body fat percentages. The height and body mass of men speed-based athletes are slightly larger than those of skill-based athletes. (b) The energy system predominantly engaged in is anaerobic metabolism. Muscle oxidative metabolism could help to promote recovery in the repeated high-intensity runs. (c) Top levels of lower-body strength, especially the eccentric force production and explosive concentric power production of athletes, have a determinant role in rapid riding and turning, jump amplitude, trick difficulty, and successful landing. The take-off velocity of skill-based snowboarding and the starting and turning speed of speed-based snowboarding also have a major effect on success in competitions. Further research is warranted to investigate the anthropometry, the relative energy system contributions from aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and the effect of physical training on performance while considering the possible differentiated effects of different snowboarding disciplines.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"131 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42036305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000721
Austėja Navickaitė, G. Thomas
ABSTRACT Strength and conditioning (S&C) are a key part of athletic preparation; however, kyokushin karate is an under researched area, and there is a lack of specific training recommendations for its athletes. The aims of this article were to (a) review the demands of kyokushin karate through conducting a needs analysis, (b) recommend a battery of fitness tests, and (c) provide training recommendations for kyokushin karatekas. This article synthesizes research on kyokushin karatekas and associated combat sports to produce practical applications that can be put to immediate use within the field of S&C.
{"title":"Strength and Conditioning Considerations for Kyokushin Karate Athletes","authors":"Austėja Navickaitė, G. Thomas","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000721","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Strength and conditioning (S&C) are a key part of athletic preparation; however, kyokushin karate is an under researched area, and there is a lack of specific training recommendations for its athletes. The aims of this article were to (a) review the demands of kyokushin karate through conducting a needs analysis, (b) recommend a battery of fitness tests, and (c) provide training recommendations for kyokushin karatekas. This article synthesizes research on kyokushin karatekas and associated combat sports to produce practical applications that can be put to immediate use within the field of S&C.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"272 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49651919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000720
A. Rosa, Gregory Vazquez, J. Grgic, Anoop T. Balachandran, J. Orazem, B. Schoenfeld
ABSTRACT We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of single-joint (SJ) and multijoint (MJ) resistance exercises on muscle hypertrophy of the limb muscles. A systematic search was performed to identify randomized trials that directly compared hypertrophic changes between SJ and MJ resistance exercises, as well as combinations of the 2, in healthy adults. A total of 7 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 10 nested comparisons. Meta-analysis indicated a trivial standardized point estimate with a relatively moderate precision for the confidence interval estimate. Subgroup analyses showed no effect on results when stratifying studies according to combined SJ + MJ versus MJ training alone, as well as under volume-equated or nonequated conditions. However, scrutiny of individual studies in conjunction with related indirect evidence collectively indicate that SJ exercise may provide the ability to preferentially hypertrophy muscular subdivisions, potentially promoting more complete muscle development. We conclude that current evidence indicates similar whole muscle hypertrophy between MJ and SJ training. There may be added benefit to combining SJ and MJ exercises for targeting individual aspects of a given muscle, although this hypothesis remains understudied. Future studies are needed to explore the effects of SJ and MJ exercises in resistance training on regional muscle hypertrophy.
{"title":"Hypertrophic Effects of Single- Versus Multi-Joint Exercise of the Limb Muscles: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"A. Rosa, Gregory Vazquez, J. Grgic, Anoop T. Balachandran, J. Orazem, B. Schoenfeld","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000720","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of single-joint (SJ) and multijoint (MJ) resistance exercises on muscle hypertrophy of the limb muscles. A systematic search was performed to identify randomized trials that directly compared hypertrophic changes between SJ and MJ resistance exercises, as well as combinations of the 2, in healthy adults. A total of 7 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 10 nested comparisons. Meta-analysis indicated a trivial standardized point estimate with a relatively moderate precision for the confidence interval estimate. Subgroup analyses showed no effect on results when stratifying studies according to combined SJ + MJ versus MJ training alone, as well as under volume-equated or nonequated conditions. However, scrutiny of individual studies in conjunction with related indirect evidence collectively indicate that SJ exercise may provide the ability to preferentially hypertrophy muscular subdivisions, potentially promoting more complete muscle development. We conclude that current evidence indicates similar whole muscle hypertrophy between MJ and SJ training. There may be added benefit to combining SJ and MJ exercises for targeting individual aspects of a given muscle, although this hypothesis remains understudied. Future studies are needed to explore the effects of SJ and MJ exercises in resistance training on regional muscle hypertrophy.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"49 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42231335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000719
B. Dalton, Jacob M. McDougle, Michaela G. Alesi, Daniel Pereira, Y. Feito
ABSTRACT Research suggests that healthy eating and exercise decrease the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis (OA) with age. Despite this, OA is a prevalent chronic condition that typically causes joint pain at rest and during exercise, making it difficult to develop effective training programs. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown to be a beneficial alternative to traditional resistance training to improve muscle function. In this article, we provide a rationale as to how BFR may be a beneficial resistance training alternative that would allow individuals with osteoarthritis to experience similar improvements in muscle function compared with traditional resistance training using lower relative intensities.
{"title":"Blood Flow Restriction Training for Individuals With Osteoarthritis","authors":"B. Dalton, Jacob M. McDougle, Michaela G. Alesi, Daniel Pereira, Y. Feito","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000719","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research suggests that healthy eating and exercise decrease the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis (OA) with age. Despite this, OA is a prevalent chronic condition that typically causes joint pain at rest and during exercise, making it difficult to develop effective training programs. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown to be a beneficial alternative to traditional resistance training to improve muscle function. In this article, we provide a rationale as to how BFR may be a beneficial resistance training alternative that would allow individuals with osteoarthritis to experience similar improvements in muscle function compared with traditional resistance training using lower relative intensities.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"58 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44720657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000697
Thomas Dos’Santos, Alistair J. McBurnie, Christopher M Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Damian J. Harper
ABSTRACT Attacking agility actions, such as side steps, shuffle steps, crossover cutting, split steps, spins, decelerations, and sharp turns, are important maneuvers in invasion team sports, often linked with decisive match winning moments. Generally, the aims of these actions are to (a) evade and create separation from an opponent, (b) generate high exit velocities and momentums, or (c) facilitate a sharp redirection. However, these actions are also inciting movements associated with lower-limb injury. Given the importance of agility actions for sports performance and potential injury risk, in this review, we discuss the importance and contextual applications of attacking agility actions, while providing coaching and technique guidelines to best optimize the performance-injury risk conflict.
{"title":"Attacking Agility Actions: Match Play Contextual Applications With Coaching and Technique Guidelines","authors":"Thomas Dos’Santos, Alistair J. McBurnie, Christopher M Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Damian J. Harper","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Attacking agility actions, such as side steps, shuffle steps, crossover cutting, split steps, spins, decelerations, and sharp turns, are important maneuvers in invasion team sports, often linked with decisive match winning moments. Generally, the aims of these actions are to (a) evade and create separation from an opponent, (b) generate high exit velocities and momentums, or (c) facilitate a sharp redirection. However, these actions are also inciting movements associated with lower-limb injury. Given the importance of agility actions for sports performance and potential injury risk, in this review, we discuss the importance and contextual applications of attacking agility actions, while providing coaching and technique guidelines to best optimize the performance-injury risk conflict.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"102 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47400720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000710
K. Till, Neil Collins, S. McCormack, C. Owen, D. Weaving, B. Jones
ABSTRACT The measurement, analysis, and reporting of physical qualities within sport is vital for practitioners to support athlete development. However, several challenges exist to support this process (e.g., establishing comparative data, managing large data sets) within sport. This article presents 7 challenges associated with physical testing in sport and offers solutions to overcome them. These solutions are supported by a description of the Profiling Physical Qualities (ProPQ) tool. The ProPQ tool uses advanced data analysis, visualization, and interactive elements, to enhance stakeholders' use of data to optimize player development and coaching practices. The ProPQ is currently used across rugby league in England.
{"title":"Challenges and Solutions for Physical Testing in Sport: The Profiling Physical Qualities Tool","authors":"K. Till, Neil Collins, S. McCormack, C. Owen, D. Weaving, B. Jones","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000710","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The measurement, analysis, and reporting of physical qualities within sport is vital for practitioners to support athlete development. However, several challenges exist to support this process (e.g., establishing comparative data, managing large data sets) within sport. This article presents 7 challenges associated with physical testing in sport and offers solutions to overcome them. These solutions are supported by a description of the Profiling Physical Qualities (ProPQ) tool. The ProPQ tool uses advanced data analysis, visualization, and interactive elements, to enhance stakeholders' use of data to optimize player development and coaching practices. The ProPQ is currently used across rugby league in England.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"29 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000706
Cintia Lassalvia, U. Julio, E. Franchini
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Kata is a relevant task practiced by karatekas during karate sessions and an important competitive category that has made its debut at the Tokyo Olympic Games. This scoping review article presents what is already known about the physiological demands, and energy system contribution during kata practice in athletes and practitioners. The focus was related to heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La]), and oxygen consumption (V̇o2). Studies were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, and in 104 articles found, 10 were considered eligible for this review. The results showed that kata practice can improve cardiorespiratory fitness. HR and lactate values changed according to the kata performed and the level of the performer's expertise. Lactate responses increased significantly after 3 kata repetitions compared with resting values. The energy system contribution was related to the kata duration, with the oxidative system being the predominant energy source in the longer kata, which is usually executed during competitions. For a video abstract of this article, refer Supplemental Digital Content 1 (see, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A339).
文本中提供了补充数字内容。摘要卡塔是空手道选手在空手道比赛中练习的一项相关任务，也是在东京奥运会上首次亮相的一项重要比赛项目。这篇范围综述文章介绍了运动员和从业者在卡塔练习中的生理需求和能量系统贡献。焦点与心率（HR）、血乳酸浓度（[La]）和耗氧量（V̇o2）有关。研究从Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus检索，在发现的104篇文章中，有10篇被认为符合本综述的条件。结果表明，卡塔练习可以提高心肺功能。HR和乳酸值根据表演的卡塔和表演者的专业水平而变化。与静息值相比，重复3次卡塔后乳酸反应显著增加。能量系统的贡献与卡塔持续时间有关，氧化系统是较长卡塔中的主要能量来源，通常在比赛期间执行。关于本文的视频摘要参见补充数字内容1（参见，http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A339)。
{"title":"Physiological Responses During Karate Kata in Practitioners and Athletes: A Scoping Review","authors":"Cintia Lassalvia, U. Julio, E. Franchini","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000706","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Kata is a relevant task practiced by karatekas during karate sessions and an important competitive category that has made its debut at the Tokyo Olympic Games. This scoping review article presents what is already known about the physiological demands, and energy system contribution during kata practice in athletes and practitioners. The focus was related to heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La]), and oxygen consumption (V̇o2). Studies were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, and in 104 articles found, 10 were considered eligible for this review. The results showed that kata practice can improve cardiorespiratory fitness. HR and lactate values changed according to the kata performed and the level of the performer's expertise. Lactate responses increased significantly after 3 kata repetitions compared with resting values. The energy system contribution was related to the kata duration, with the oxidative system being the predominant energy source in the longer kata, which is usually executed during competitions. For a video abstract of this article, refer Supplemental Digital Content 1 (see, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A339).","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"149 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43749657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000713
K. Talukdar, M. McGuigan, C. Harrison
ABSTRACT Sprinting speed plays a crucial role in many sports, and it is considered a fundamental motor skill. Various training methods can be used to improve sprinting speed. Researchers have shown strength and plyometric training (PT) to be effective in improving sprinting speed. However, most studies have reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in adults and young males. There is a paucity of research that has reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females across maturation (pre-peak height, mid-peak height, and post-peak height velocity: peak height velocity student athletes, age 10–16 years). Moreover, no previous review has provided practical strength and PT strategies for young female student-athletes that acknowledge important factors such as growth, forces, and enjoyment. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of progressive strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females and provides practical training programs that can be implemented within a school curriculum. More specifically, this review provides exercise progressions in strength and power training for an eight-week training block that can be easily implemented by strength and conditioning coaches within a school term.
{"title":"Practical Strategies in Developing Strength and Plyometric Training to Improve Sprinting Speed in Female Student Athletes Within a School Curriculum","authors":"K. Talukdar, M. McGuigan, C. Harrison","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000713","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sprinting speed plays a crucial role in many sports, and it is considered a fundamental motor skill. Various training methods can be used to improve sprinting speed. Researchers have shown strength and plyometric training (PT) to be effective in improving sprinting speed. However, most studies have reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in adults and young males. There is a paucity of research that has reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females across maturation (pre-peak height, mid-peak height, and post-peak height velocity: peak height velocity student athletes, age 10–16 years). Moreover, no previous review has provided practical strength and PT strategies for young female student-athletes that acknowledge important factors such as growth, forces, and enjoyment. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of progressive strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females and provides practical training programs that can be implemented within a school curriculum. More specifically, this review provides exercise progressions in strength and power training for an eight-week training block that can be easily implemented by strength and conditioning coaches within a school term.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"122 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000696
W. Kraemer, Mike Nitka
ABSTRACT The choice of the resistance used in a workout and its sequence in a training program is a crucial decision for program design. Although the choice in many ways looks simplistic, its interactions with other factors make it a bit more complex when designing a training program. Basic scientific principles help to give context for many aspects of such decisions. Interactions with other acute program variables will also be crucial in how that resistance load in an exercise is manifested in a workout stimulus. Understanding training program sequences using periodization models also affect how one applies the choice of resistances over time. Finally, age and training experience will influence resistance load progressions. Having a handle on these fundamental factors will help give the strength and conditioning professional better insights into the choices made in the resistance used in an exercise.
{"title":"Choice of Resistance Used in an Exercise: Simple to Complex Interactions","authors":"W. Kraemer, Mike Nitka","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The choice of the resistance used in a workout and its sequence in a training program is a crucial decision for program design. Although the choice in many ways looks simplistic, its interactions with other factors make it a bit more complex when designing a training program. Basic scientific principles help to give context for many aspects of such decisions. Interactions with other acute program variables will also be crucial in how that resistance load in an exercise is manifested in a workout stimulus. Understanding training program sequences using periodization models also affect how one applies the choice of resistances over time. Finally, age and training experience will influence resistance load progressions. Having a handle on these fundamental factors will help give the strength and conditioning professional better insights into the choices made in the resistance used in an exercise.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"123 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48415030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000703
S. Terrell, Preston Ficquette
ABSTRACT Pickleball is one of the fastest growing racket sports in the United States because of its high social engagement and ability to facilitate physical and emotional well-being. Although participation trends indicate the sport appeals to an array of ages and abilities, the highest purported participant demographic is 55 years and older. In spite of its rising popularity, there is limited strength and conditioning research exploring training strategies for pickleball athletes. Therefore, this article details how pickleball is played, the sport's movement and physiological demands, and injury risks. An example training program targeting the older pickleball athlete is provided.
{"title":"Exploring Training Strategies to Optimize Court Performance in Older Pickleball Athletes","authors":"S. Terrell, Preston Ficquette","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pickleball is one of the fastest growing racket sports in the United States because of its high social engagement and ability to facilitate physical and emotional well-being. Although participation trends indicate the sport appeals to an array of ages and abilities, the highest purported participant demographic is 55 years and older. In spite of its rising popularity, there is limited strength and conditioning research exploring training strategies for pickleball athletes. Therefore, this article details how pickleball is played, the sport's movement and physiological demands, and injury risks. An example training program targeting the older pickleball athlete is provided.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42992367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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