Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000814
Morteza Ghayomzadeh, Daniel A. Hackett
ABSTRACT Walking is a low-impact form of physical activity feasible, acceptable, and safe for load-compromised individuals, such as older adults. Options available to increase the potency of this exercise to promote training adaptations are generally limited to manipulation of speed, gradient, and duration. However, emerging studies have suggested that blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with walking is a method that can accentuate training-induced adaptations compared with walking alone. This narrative review aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of BFR walking in older adults according to the existing literature. Of the limited evidence available on this topic, it appears that BFR walking compared with walking alone can induce significant increases in muscular hypertrophy and strength. Therefore, implementing BFR walking may be a feasible and safe option for older adults to enhance the effectiveness of their walking interventions, at least from a musculoskeletal perspective.
{"title":"Blood Flow Restriction Walking for Older Adults: A Brief Review","authors":"Morteza Ghayomzadeh, Daniel A. Hackett","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000814","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Walking is a low-impact form of physical activity feasible, acceptable, and safe for load-compromised individuals, such as older adults. Options available to increase the potency of this exercise to promote training adaptations are generally limited to manipulation of speed, gradient, and duration. However, emerging studies have suggested that blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with walking is a method that can accentuate training-induced adaptations compared with walking alone. This narrative review aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of BFR walking in older adults according to the existing literature. Of the limited evidence available on this topic, it appears that BFR walking compared with walking alone can induce significant increases in muscular hypertrophy and strength. Therefore, implementing BFR walking may be a feasible and safe option for older adults to enhance the effectiveness of their walking interventions, at least from a musculoskeletal perspective.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000809
John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Matt L. Sams, Austin R. Driggers
ABSTRACT High-performance sport has experienced increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice and interdisciplinarity facilitated by integrating systems science, business management, and a rapidly expanding sport technology landscape. A major limitation of current approaches to performance support is they unduly constrain the conceptualization of high performance within precise boundaries. In contrast, we explore the notion of parallel incrementalism to guide the pursuit and support of athletic excellence. Given this context, we introduce the idea of performance-limiting factors (PLFs) to complement key performance indicators (KPIs) in informing performance support. Whereas KPIs directly influence or describe performance, PLFs are characteristics that indirectly affect performance in their current state. Considering human performance through the complex interaction of KPIs and PLFs will allow us to continue pushing the boundaries of high-performance sport.
{"title":"On the Limits of High-Performance Support","authors":"John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Matt L. Sams, Austin R. Driggers","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High-performance sport has experienced increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice and interdisciplinarity facilitated by integrating systems science, business management, and a rapidly expanding sport technology landscape. A major limitation of current approaches to performance support is they unduly constrain the conceptualization of high performance within precise boundaries. In contrast, we explore the notion of parallel incrementalism to guide the pursuit and support of athletic excellence. Given this context, we introduce the idea of performance-limiting factors (PLFs) to complement key performance indicators (KPIs) in informing performance support. Whereas KPIs directly influence or describe performance, PLFs are characteristics that indirectly affect performance in their current state. Considering human performance through the complex interaction of KPIs and PLFs will allow us to continue pushing the boundaries of high-performance sport.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000802
Steven Ross, Paul Comfort, John McMahon
ABSTRACT The good morning is a barbell exercise that can be used to develop muscular strength and hypertrophy in the posterior chain (i.e., hamstring muscles, gluteal muscles, spinal erectors, calf complex). The exercise uses a hip hinge motion with the barbell positioned across the upper trapezius, offering lifters an alternative to more common posterior chain exercises, such as the Romanian deadlift. The good morning may be particularly beneficial for lifters with lower levels of grip strength or upper-limb injury, which may prevent using a clean or opposing grip. This review describes exercise techniques and discusses some of the underpinning principles of the exercise and potential applications in training.Video Abstract—http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A393.
{"title":"The Good Morning—Exercise Technique and Exercise Selection Principles","authors":"Steven Ross, Paul Comfort, John McMahon","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The good morning is a barbell exercise that can be used to develop muscular strength and hypertrophy in the posterior chain (i.e., hamstring muscles, gluteal muscles, spinal erectors, calf complex). The exercise uses a hip hinge motion with the barbell positioned across the upper trapezius, offering lifters an alternative to more common posterior chain exercises, such as the Romanian deadlift. The good morning may be particularly beneficial for lifters with lower levels of grip strength or upper-limb injury, which may prevent using a clean or opposing grip. This review describes exercise techniques and discusses some of the underpinning principles of the exercise and potential applications in training.Video Abstract—http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A393.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000810
Benjamin H. Gleason, Timothy J. Suchomel, Clive Brewer, Eric McMahon, Ryan P. Lis, Michael H. Stone
ABSTRACT Recent trends suggest growing application of sports science programs within United States-based sport organizations. Discussion is necessary to illuminate several ways sports scientist (SS) roles may be leveraged to enhance athlete and coach performance and enable support of knowledge-related tasks within and across organizations and throughout sports systems. Here we provide an overview of a variety of organizational arrangements for full-time through part-time SS roles, and some available best practices that support them—including the high-performance manager role. In addition, we discuss the misapplication of SS roles and highlight US-centric challenges in establishing sports science research programs.
{"title":"Applying Sport Scientist Roles Within Organizations","authors":"Benjamin H. Gleason, Timothy J. Suchomel, Clive Brewer, Eric McMahon, Ryan P. Lis, Michael H. Stone","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent trends suggest growing application of sports science programs within United States-based sport organizations. Discussion is necessary to illuminate several ways sports scientist (SS) roles may be leveraged to enhance athlete and coach performance and enable support of knowledge-related tasks within and across organizations and throughout sports systems. Here we provide an overview of a variety of organizational arrangements for full-time through part-time SS roles, and some available best practices that support them—including the high-performance manager role. In addition, we discuss the misapplication of SS roles and highlight US-centric challenges in establishing sports science research programs.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"58 18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000812
Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes
ABSTRACT In recent years, tactical personnel, especially within the military, have integrated sports science–related practices into their training. This effort has been less pronounced with first responders (police, firefighters, emergency services), despite the structured academy training typically completed by recruits, challenging job tasks and long-term health, fitness, and wellness concerns. One example of how sports science practices could be applied for first responders is through high-performance programs. High-performance programs are commonplace within elite sport and can help set roadmaps for success. Numerous factors contribute to an effective program, much of which relates to the resources provided to personnel. This can include a multidisciplinary team (e.g., strength and conditioning coaches, athletic trainers/medical staff, psychologists, nutritionists, researchers) and appropriate resources (e.g., gyms, facilities, testing and training equipment). This review will discuss whether high-performance programs, or at least components of these programs, could be adopted in first-responder populations. The authors will discuss literature to demonstrate how and why high-performance programs could be implemented for first responders and whether these programs are aspirational, attainable, or objectionable. Finally, the authors will provide actionable high-performance program-related information for the strength and conditioning coach and tactical scientist working with first responders.
{"title":"High-Performance Programs for First Responders: Considerations and Potential Benefits of Implementation","authors":"Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000812","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, tactical personnel, especially within the military, have integrated sports science–related practices into their training. This effort has been less pronounced with first responders (police, firefighters, emergency services), despite the structured academy training typically completed by recruits, challenging job tasks and long-term health, fitness, and wellness concerns. One example of how sports science practices could be applied for first responders is through high-performance programs. High-performance programs are commonplace within elite sport and can help set roadmaps for success. Numerous factors contribute to an effective program, much of which relates to the resources provided to personnel. This can include a multidisciplinary team (e.g., strength and conditioning coaches, athletic trainers/medical staff, psychologists, nutritionists, researchers) and appropriate resources (e.g., gyms, facilities, testing and training equipment). This review will discuss whether high-performance programs, or at least components of these programs, could be adopted in first-responder populations. The authors will discuss literature to demonstrate how and why high-performance programs could be implemented for first responders and whether these programs are aspirational, attainable, or objectionable. Finally, the authors will provide actionable high-performance program-related information for the strength and conditioning coach and tactical scientist working with first responders.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000808
Patrick L. Beaumont, Daniel van den Hoek, Justin Holland, Joel Garrett
ABSTRACT Automotive racing is one of the most internationally recognized sports. Drivers within their respective disciplines are exposed to a variety of forces throughout the race, each of which is theorized to inflict a physiological adaptation within the driver. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to collate the evidence and provide a summary of the physiological profiles of these drivers and provide practitioners with recommendations to optimize these adaptations. Of the 1,304 articles screened, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 13 reported on the anthropometric and physiological measures of 4-wheeled racing athletes from both open and closed-wheel disciplines. The remaining 11 studies reported on the physiological profiles of 2-wheeled racing athletes from both on-road and off-road riding disciplines. Open-wheel racers have greater cardiopulmonary fitness than close-wheel racers, as well as greater strength throughout movements of neck lateral flexion and isometric knee extension. Close-wheel racers were shown to be heavier with greater fat mass than the open-wheel racers but exhibited greater isometric shoulder flexion and plantarflexion strength. Female 2-wheeled racers were also shown to have a weaker handgrip strength than their male counterparts. Whereas male on-road riders demonstrated greater levels of handgrip strength than their off-road counterparts.
{"title":"A Scoping Review of the Physiological Profiles of Motorsport Drivers: Implications for Athlete Training","authors":"Patrick L. Beaumont, Daniel van den Hoek, Justin Holland, Joel Garrett","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000808","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Automotive racing is one of the most internationally recognized sports. Drivers within their respective disciplines are exposed to a variety of forces throughout the race, each of which is theorized to inflict a physiological adaptation within the driver. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to collate the evidence and provide a summary of the physiological profiles of these drivers and provide practitioners with recommendations to optimize these adaptations. Of the 1,304 articles screened, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 13 reported on the anthropometric and physiological measures of 4-wheeled racing athletes from both open and closed-wheel disciplines. The remaining 11 studies reported on the physiological profiles of 2-wheeled racing athletes from both on-road and off-road riding disciplines. Open-wheel racers have greater cardiopulmonary fitness than close-wheel racers, as well as greater strength throughout movements of neck lateral flexion and isometric knee extension. Close-wheel racers were shown to be heavier with greater fat mass than the open-wheel racers but exhibited greater isometric shoulder flexion and plantarflexion strength. Female 2-wheeled racers were also shown to have a weaker handgrip strength than their male counterparts. Whereas male on-road riders demonstrated greater levels of handgrip strength than their off-road counterparts.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000806
Stuart N. Guppy, Kristina L. Kendall, G. Gregory Haff
ABSTRACT Velocity-based training (VBT) is an increasingly popular programming strategy used by strength and conditioning professionals to develop their athlete's ability to express force rapidly. To implement the varying forms of VBT effectively within their training regimes, strength and conditioning professionals need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of strategies, such as predicting 1 repetition maximum using the load-velocity profile, modulating training loads using the load-velocity profile, and controlling training volume using the magnitude of velocity-loss. The aim of this review was to highlight these strengths and weaknesses and then provide practical examples of when each programming strategy may be most effectively implemented.
{"title":"Velocity-Based Training—A Critical Review","authors":"Stuart N. Guppy, Kristina L. Kendall, G. Gregory Haff","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000806","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Velocity-based training (VBT) is an increasingly popular programming strategy used by strength and conditioning professionals to develop their athlete's ability to express force rapidly. To implement the varying forms of VBT effectively within their training regimes, strength and conditioning professionals need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of strategies, such as predicting 1 repetition maximum using the load-velocity profile, modulating training loads using the load-velocity profile, and controlling training volume using the magnitude of velocity-loss. The aim of this review was to highlight these strengths and weaknesses and then provide practical examples of when each programming strategy may be most effectively implemented.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000780
T. Cormier
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT In 2022, NSCA members were asked to participate in a salary survey. The survey contained questions regarding pay, market, education level, experience, and other employment and economic variables. In total, 2286 coaches responded. Of those who responded, 20% of coaches were female, 57% obtained their master's degree, and 85% completed a degree in an exercise-related field. Regarding salary, the average income for strength and conditioning coaches increased since 2018. In 2022, average earnings by market ranged from $60,527 to $84,575. The highest average salary and highest total salary belonged to coaches working in professional sports. Salary trends demonstrated that higher education, years of experience, senior positions, and working in a higher professional league influenced higher earning potential. The results provided should allow strength and conditioning coaches to review compensation packages and manage income-driven decisions.
{"title":"Salary Review of Strength and Conditioning Coaches: 2022 Survey Results","authors":"T. Cormier","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000780","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT In 2022, NSCA members were asked to participate in a salary survey. The survey contained questions regarding pay, market, education level, experience, and other employment and economic variables. In total, 2286 coaches responded. Of those who responded, 20% of coaches were female, 57% obtained their master's degree, and 85% completed a degree in an exercise-related field. Regarding salary, the average income for strength and conditioning coaches increased since 2018. In 2022, average earnings by market ranged from $60,527 to $84,575. The highest average salary and highest total salary belonged to coaches working in professional sports. Salary trends demonstrated that higher education, years of experience, senior positions, and working in a higher professional league influenced higher earning potential. The results provided should allow strength and conditioning coaches to review compensation packages and manage income-driven decisions.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"367 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000777
Lara Lima Nabuco, G. F. Mendes, G. Barreto, B. Saunders, C. Reis
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT The effects of caffeine mouth rinse (Caff-MR) on sports performance have been evaluated by recent studies presenting contrasting results. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of Caff-MR on sports performance. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, the search through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until December 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences was performed to assess the overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance-related outcomes. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria (207 participants). The meta-analysis showed no significant overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance (p = 0.09). Moreover, no effects were shown on maximal heart rate or ratings of perceived exertion. The risk of bias for the included studies assessed using the risk of bias in randomized trials Cochrane tool presented 87.5% (n = 14) of the studies as medium and 12.5% (n = 2) as high scores. These data do not support using Caff-MR for sports performance, although more consistent and well-controlled studies are warranted. Large heterogeneity in study designs precludes making practical recommendations for exercise performance. More research is warranted to elucidate the potential of Caff-MR, specifically focusing on determining the optimal dose.
文本中提供了补充数字内容。最近的研究对比了咖啡因漱口液对运动成绩的影响。因此，本系统综述旨在总结Caff MR对运动成绩影响的证据。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目建议，在PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus数据库中的搜索一直进行到2021年12月。对标准化平均差异进行随机效应荟萃分析，以评估Caff MR对运动成绩相关结果的总体影响。16项研究符合纳入标准（207名参与者）。荟萃分析显示，Caff MR对运动表现没有显著的总体影响（p=0.09）。此外，对最大心率或感知用力评分也没有影响。使用随机试验中偏倚风险评估的纳入研究的偏倚风险Cochrane工具显示87.5%（n=14）的研究为中等，12.5%（n=2）为高分。这些数据不支持使用Caff MR进行运动表现，尽管有必要进行更一致和控制良好的研究。研究设计的巨大异质性阻碍了对运动表现提出切实可行的建议。需要更多的研究来阐明Caff MR的潜力，特别是集中在确定最佳剂量上。
{"title":"Spit It Out: Is Caffeine Mouth Rinse an Effective Ergogenic Aid? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Lara Lima Nabuco, G. F. Mendes, G. Barreto, B. Saunders, C. Reis","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000777","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT The effects of caffeine mouth rinse (Caff-MR) on sports performance have been evaluated by recent studies presenting contrasting results. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of Caff-MR on sports performance. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, the search through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until December 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences was performed to assess the overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance-related outcomes. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria (207 participants). The meta-analysis showed no significant overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance (p = 0.09). Moreover, no effects were shown on maximal heart rate or ratings of perceived exertion. The risk of bias for the included studies assessed using the risk of bias in randomized trials Cochrane tool presented 87.5% (n = 14) of the studies as medium and 12.5% (n = 2) as high scores. These data do not support using Caff-MR for sports performance, although more consistent and well-controlled studies are warranted. Large heterogeneity in study designs precludes making practical recommendations for exercise performance. More research is warranted to elucidate the potential of Caff-MR, specifically focusing on determining the optimal dose.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"617 - 627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44366237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000734
Lymperis (Perry) Koziris
Most scientific organizations recommend isometric resistance training (IRT) to manage blood pressure (BP), whereas some still do not. A typical grip IRT program of 4 × 2-minute 30%-intensity efforts with 1–3-minute rest periods, performed ≥3×/week for ≥8 weeks, can be efficient, safe, and relatively inexpensive. It can help decrease resting BP at least as much as aerobic or dynamic resistance training. IRT can be as effective as one antihypertensive medication and likely lessens strokes and myocardial infarctions. It can be as safe as other exercise modes regarding acute BP rise and safer than aerobic exercise regarding cardiac demand. Grip IRT is currently more conducive than leg IRT to program delivery. These highlights come from an expert-panel consensus reached through a largely anonymous multistep process, agreeing with the organizations that support IRT. To follow the science on IRT and BP, exercise and health care practitioners should seek corroboration from the guidelines of multiple organizations.
{"title":"Isometric Resistance Training Is Recommended as a Safe and Effective Adjunct Therapy to Reduce Blood Pressure","authors":"Lymperis (Perry) Koziris","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000734","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most scientific organizations recommend isometric resistance training (IRT) to manage blood pressure (BP), whereas some still do not. A typical grip IRT program of 4 × 2-minute 30%-intensity efforts with 1–3-minute rest periods, performed ≥3×/week for ≥8 weeks, can be efficient, safe, and relatively inexpensive. It can help decrease resting BP at least as much as aerobic or dynamic resistance training. IRT can be as effective as one antihypertensive medication and likely lessens strokes and myocardial infarctions. It can be as safe as other exercise modes regarding acute BP rise and safer than aerobic exercise regarding cardiac demand. Grip IRT is currently more conducive than leg IRT to program delivery. These highlights come from an expert-panel consensus reached through a largely anonymous multistep process, agreeing with the organizations that support IRT. To follow the science on IRT and BP, exercise and health care practitioners should seek corroboration from the guidelines of multiple organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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