Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000781
Matthew J. Handford, Thomas E. Bright, Peter Mundy, Jason Lake, Nicola Theis, Jonathan D. Hughes
Various methods of eccentric training that aim to increase muscle mass or reduce ground contact time during a landing task have been extensively researched and practically examined. However, multiple methods to implement eccentric training currently exist; they differ in execution and intended training adaptions. There is a clear differentiation between an eccentric muscle action and an eccentric motion whereby a motion alludes to a downward movement of an exercise. The proposed eccentric motions are dissipating eccentrics, deceleration eccentrics, overcoming eccentrics, maximal eccentrics, and rebound eccentrics. These motions formulate into training methods and cues to allow practitioners to clearly differentiate the various eccentric training methods used in research and practice. This review proposes a new conceptual framework that clearly outlines the different forms of eccentric motions that fall into a desired eccentric training method.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Methods","authors":"Matthew J. Handford, Thomas E. Bright, Peter Mundy, Jason Lake, Nicola Theis, Jonathan D. Hughes","doi":"10.1519/ssc.0000000000000781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000781","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various methods of <span data-value=\"eccentric training\">eccentric training</span> that aim to increase muscle mass or reduce ground contact time during a <span data-value=\"landing\">landing</span> task have been extensively researched and practically examined. However, multiple methods to implement <span data-value=\"eccentric training\">eccentric training</span> currently exist; they differ in execution and intended training adaptions. There is a clear differentiation between an eccentric <span data-value=\"muscle action\">muscle action</span> and an eccentric motion whereby a motion alludes to a downward movement of an exercise. The proposed eccentric motions are dissipating eccentrics, deceleration eccentrics, overcoming eccentrics, maximal eccentrics, and rebound eccentrics. These motions formulate into training methods and cues to allow practitioners to clearly differentiate the various <span data-value=\"eccentric training\">eccentric training</span> methods used in research and practice. This review proposes a new conceptual framework that clearly outlines the different forms of eccentric motions that fall into a desired <span data-value=\"eccentric training\">eccentric training</span> method.</p>","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"867 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000773
Zhi Yong Zhang, Hongshen Ji, Jianming He, Lin Jie Huang, Shicong Ding, Jian Sun, D. Li
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSGs) on sprint performance in adolescent athletes in team sports and to provide reference data for training adolescent team-sport athletes. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and SPORTDiscus. Seven eligible articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HIIT was significantly better than SSGs in the improvement of linear sprint ability (LSA) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; p = 0.007). Within-group comparisons showed that both HIIT (SMD = 0.45; p = 0.0007) and SSGs (SMD = 0.27; p = 0.04) effectively improved LSA. There was no significant difference between HIIT and SSGs in the improvement of repeated sprint ability (RSA) (SMD = −0.05; p = 0.77). Within-group comparisons showed no significant differences but a larger effect size of HIIT (SMD = 0.36) than that of SSGs (SMD = 0.17). HIIT is superior to SSGs in improving LSA. Although HIIT is not the best training method for sprint ability, it improves aerobic capacity and speed performance, helping athletes save time and improve training efficiency. HIIT and SSGs have similar training effects on RSA.
{"title":"A Meta-analysis of the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Small-Sided Games on Sprint Performance in Adolescents","authors":"Zhi Yong Zhang, Hongshen Ji, Jianming He, Lin Jie Huang, Shicong Ding, Jian Sun, D. Li","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000773","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSGs) on sprint performance in adolescent athletes in team sports and to provide reference data for training adolescent team-sport athletes. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and SPORTDiscus. Seven eligible articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HIIT was significantly better than SSGs in the improvement of linear sprint ability (LSA) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; p = 0.007). Within-group comparisons showed that both HIIT (SMD = 0.45; p = 0.0007) and SSGs (SMD = 0.27; p = 0.04) effectively improved LSA. There was no significant difference between HIIT and SSGs in the improvement of repeated sprint ability (RSA) (SMD = −0.05; p = 0.77). Within-group comparisons showed no significant differences but a larger effect size of HIIT (SMD = 0.36) than that of SSGs (SMD = 0.17). HIIT is superior to SSGs in improving LSA. Although HIIT is not the best training method for sprint ability, it improves aerobic capacity and speed performance, helping athletes save time and improve training efficiency. HIIT and SSGs have similar training effects on RSA.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"587 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91348202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000761
J. Duggan, K. Keane, Jeremy A. Moody, P. Byrne, Shane Malone, Kieran Collins, L. Ryan
ABSTRACT Ladies Gaelic football (LGF) is a traditional, amateur Gaelic sport played by female athletes. LGF is an invasion-based field sport involving high-intensity, intermittent match play. There is currently a paucity of research on intercounty (elite level) LGF despite a growing interest in the male version of the game. This article aims to provide strength and conditioning recommendations for LGF with particular focus on the intercounty level of play. Recommendations within this article include a needs analysis, female injury epidemiology, physical and physiological demands, female physiology, strength training, and specific conditioning guidelines based on the sport. Additional recommendations include an LGF-specific testing battery, a proposed periodization cycle, and sports-specific speed and agility development.
{"title":"Strength and Conditioning Recommendations for Female Athletes: The Gaelic Footballer","authors":"J. Duggan, K. Keane, Jeremy A. Moody, P. Byrne, Shane Malone, Kieran Collins, L. Ryan","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000761","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ladies Gaelic football (LGF) is a traditional, amateur Gaelic sport played by female athletes. LGF is an invasion-based field sport involving high-intensity, intermittent match play. There is currently a paucity of research on intercounty (elite level) LGF despite a growing interest in the male version of the game. This article aims to provide strength and conditioning recommendations for LGF with particular focus on the intercounty level of play. Recommendations within this article include a needs analysis, female injury epidemiology, physical and physiological demands, female physiology, strength training, and specific conditioning guidelines based on the sport. Additional recommendations include an LGF-specific testing battery, a proposed periodization cycle, and sports-specific speed and agility development.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"525 - 544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47410173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000765
H. Silva, F. Nakamura, J. Castellano, R. Marcelino
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Quantifying training load is important to ensure that athletes correctly respond to training prescription and reduce injury risk. Training load can be divided into internal training load, the response of an individual to the training demand, and external training load, the physical “work” of the players. We aimed to analyze training load during a training week (microcycle) in soccer players. Systematic searches of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were conducted, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed. From 1,718 studies initially found, 16 were selected after screening. Descriptive and Z-score analyses were performed for each variable (acceleration and deceleration [DEC], average speed, high-speed running, sprint, total distance, player load, percentage of maximal heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion [RPE]). A sample of this review was 317 male soccer players aged 16.4–27.6 years, competing in elite, professional, and youth levels. Three days prior to match day was the most demanding session of the week, except for DEC, average speed, and player load demands. The day prior to match day was the least demanding session, except for sprint and RPE. In conclusion, midweek sessions can be chosen to apply higher training loads, whereas training sessions immediately before and after the match can be used to taper or recover.
文本中提供了补充数字内容。摘要量化训练负荷对于确保运动员正确响应训练处方和降低受伤风险非常重要。训练负荷可分为内部训练负荷（个人对训练需求的反应）和外部训练负荷（球员的体力“工作”）。我们旨在分析足球运动员训练周（微周期）的训练负荷。对3个电子数据库（PubMed、SPORTDiscus和Web of Science）进行了系统搜索，并遵循了系统评价的首选报告项目和荟萃分析指南。从最初发现的1718项研究中，筛选出16项。对每个变量（加速度和减速度[DEC]、平均速度、高速跑、短跑、总距离、运动员负荷、最大心率百分比和感知用力评级[RPE]）进行描述性和Z评分分析。这篇综述的样本是317名年龄在16.4-27.6岁的男性足球运动员，他们参加了精英、职业和青年级别的比赛。比赛日前三天是本周要求最高的一周，除了DEC、平均速度和球员负荷要求。比赛日前一天是要求最低的一天，除了冲刺和RPE。总之，可以选择周中的训练来施加更高的训练负荷，而比赛前后的训练可以用来减少或恢复。
{"title":"Training Load Within a Soccer Microcycle Week—A Systematic Review","authors":"H. Silva, F. Nakamura, J. Castellano, R. Marcelino","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000765","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT Quantifying training load is important to ensure that athletes correctly respond to training prescription and reduce injury risk. Training load can be divided into internal training load, the response of an individual to the training demand, and external training load, the physical “work” of the players. We aimed to analyze training load during a training week (microcycle) in soccer players. Systematic searches of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were conducted, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed. From 1,718 studies initially found, 16 were selected after screening. Descriptive and Z-score analyses were performed for each variable (acceleration and deceleration [DEC], average speed, high-speed running, sprint, total distance, player load, percentage of maximal heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion [RPE]). A sample of this review was 317 male soccer players aged 16.4–27.6 years, competing in elite, professional, and youth levels. Three days prior to match day was the most demanding session of the week, except for DEC, average speed, and player load demands. The day prior to match day was the least demanding session, except for sprint and RPE. In conclusion, midweek sessions can be chosen to apply higher training loads, whereas training sessions immediately before and after the match can be used to taper or recover.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"568 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-23DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000752
S. Ulupınar, S. Özbay, Cebrail Gençoğlu, T. Hazır
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide meta-analytic estimates of the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) outputs (total sprint time [TST] and fatigue scores) and aerobic capacity indicators (V̇O2max, the covered distance in the endurance shuttle run test [SRTdistance], and the velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold [ALTvelocity]). To identify potential studies for inclusion, a search strategy was implemented on MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science. The correlation coefficients between RSA outputs and aerobic capacity indicators were extracted from the individual studies to reveal a pooled correlation. After the identification of studies providing inclusion criteria, 45 studies consisting of 1,488 accumulated participants were included. Meta-analysis showed the positive moderate relationships between TST and V̇O2max (pooled r = 0.444, p < 0.001), TST and SRTdistance (pooled r = 0.465, p < 0.001), TST and ALTvelocity (pooled r = 0.527, p < 0.001), RSA fatigue score and V̇O2max (pooled r = 0.449, p < 0.001), and RSA fatigue score and ALTvelocity (pooled r = 0.460, p < 0.001), which showed a low positive relationship between RSA fatigue score and SRTdistance (pooled r = 0.305, p = 0.029). This study showed pooled correlations between RSA outputs and practical aerobic capacity indicators. However, contrary to popular belief that there were stronger relationships, these relationships were low to moderate.
补充数字内容可在文本中获得。摘要本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在对重复冲刺能力(RSA)输出(总冲刺时间[TST]和疲劳评分)与有氧能力指标(V * O2max、耐力穿梭跑测试中的覆盖距离[SRTdistance]和无氧乳酸阈值速度[ALTvelocity])之间的关系进行荟萃分析。为了确定可能纳入的研究，在MEDLINE(通过PubMed)和Web of Science上实施了搜索策略。RSA输出与有氧能力指标之间的相关系数从单个研究中提取，以揭示汇总相关性。在确定提供纳入标准的研究后，纳入了45项研究，共1488名受试者。荟萃分析显示,积极温和的结核菌素之间的关系和V̇O2max(汇集r = 0.444, p < 0.001), TST和SRTdistance(汇集r = 0.465, p < 0.001), TST和ALTvelocity(汇集r = 0.527, p < 0.001), RSA疲劳评分和V̇O2max(汇集r = 0.449, p < 0.001),和RSA疲劳评分和ALTvelocity(汇集r = 0.460, p < 0.001),显示低积极的RSA疲劳评分之间的关系和SRTdistance(汇集r = 0.305, p = 0.029)。本研究显示了RSA输出与实际有氧能力指标之间的综合相关性。然而，与人们普遍认为的更强的关系相反，这些关系是低到中等的。
{"title":"Low-to-Moderate Correlations Between Repeated Sprint Ability and Aerobic Capacity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"S. Ulupınar, S. Özbay, Cebrail Gençoğlu, T. Hazır","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000752","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide meta-analytic estimates of the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) outputs (total sprint time [TST] and fatigue scores) and aerobic capacity indicators (V̇O2max, the covered distance in the endurance shuttle run test [SRTdistance], and the velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold [ALTvelocity]). To identify potential studies for inclusion, a search strategy was implemented on MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science. The correlation coefficients between RSA outputs and aerobic capacity indicators were extracted from the individual studies to reveal a pooled correlation. After the identification of studies providing inclusion criteria, 45 studies consisting of 1,488 accumulated participants were included. Meta-analysis showed the positive moderate relationships between TST and V̇O2max (pooled r = 0.444, p < 0.001), TST and SRTdistance (pooled r = 0.465, p < 0.001), TST and ALTvelocity (pooled r = 0.527, p < 0.001), RSA fatigue score and V̇O2max (pooled r = 0.449, p < 0.001), and RSA fatigue score and ALTvelocity (pooled r = 0.460, p < 0.001), which showed a low positive relationship between RSA fatigue score and SRTdistance (pooled r = 0.305, p = 0.029). This study showed pooled correlations between RSA outputs and practical aerobic capacity indicators. However, contrary to popular belief that there were stronger relationships, these relationships were low to moderate.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"462 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000772
C. Bishop, Matt Jordan, L. Torres-Ronda, I. Loturco, J. Harry, Adam Virgile, Peter D. Mundy, A. Turner, P. Comfort
ABSTRACT The countermovement jump (CMJ) is one of the most used performance assessments in strength and conditioning. Although numerous studies discuss the usability of different metrics in this test, this is often performed within the context of a specific aim. However, to our knowledge, no information currently exists providing practitioners with some over-arching recommendations on which metrics to choose when the purpose of using the test differs. This article discusses how the metrics selected to monitor during CMJ testing may differ when aiming to use it as a proxy for athletic performance, as part of neuromuscular fatigue monitoring, or as part of a test battery for return to performance in injured athletes.
{"title":"Selecting Metrics That Matter: Comparing the Use of the Countermovement Jump for Performance Profiling, Neuromuscular Fatigue Monitoring, and Injury Rehabilitation Testing","authors":"C. Bishop, Matt Jordan, L. Torres-Ronda, I. Loturco, J. Harry, Adam Virgile, Peter D. Mundy, A. Turner, P. Comfort","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000772","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The countermovement jump (CMJ) is one of the most used performance assessments in strength and conditioning. Although numerous studies discuss the usability of different metrics in this test, this is often performed within the context of a specific aim. However, to our knowledge, no information currently exists providing practitioners with some over-arching recommendations on which metrics to choose when the purpose of using the test differs. This article discusses how the metrics selected to monitor during CMJ testing may differ when aiming to use it as a proxy for athletic performance, as part of neuromuscular fatigue monitoring, or as part of a test battery for return to performance in injured athletes.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"545 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-06DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000771
James R. Mckee, O. Girard, J. Peiffer, B. Scott
ABSTRACT Team sport athletes commonly perform repeated short-duration sprints (≤10 seconds) separated by brief recovery periods (≤60 seconds). The ability to maintain performance over a series of sprints is termed repeated-sprint ability (RSA). The physiological limiters of RSA include decreased force production capacity, insufficient energy supply, and metabolite accumulation. These limiting factors can be improved through repeated-sprint training, with greater RSA gains when performing this training with systemic hypoxia (i.e., reduced fraction of inspired oxygen). Exercising with blood flow restriction (BFR) causes localized hypoxia and a substantial metabolite load, which may provide an adjunct training method to improve RSA. Training with BFR augments muscular strength and adenosine triphosphate supply, which may improve subsequent sprint performance. Improved aerobic fitness, phosphocreatine resynthesis, and metabolite removal from BFR training could also enhance between-sprint recovery to resist fatigue. Despite the possible physiological benefits of repeated-sprint BFR training to improve RSA, there are no published reviews to collate this information. Therefore, this review proposes a theoretical framework for how BFR training could combat fatiguing factors and improve RSA based on current knowledge of the physiological impact of repeated-sprint training and BFR. Finally, guidance will be provided regarding how practitioners may implement BFR training to improve RSA.
{"title":"Repeated-Sprint Training With Blood Flow Restriction: A Novel Approach to Improve Repeated-Sprint Ability?","authors":"James R. Mckee, O. Girard, J. Peiffer, B. Scott","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Team sport athletes commonly perform repeated short-duration sprints (≤10 seconds) separated by brief recovery periods (≤60 seconds). The ability to maintain performance over a series of sprints is termed repeated-sprint ability (RSA). The physiological limiters of RSA include decreased force production capacity, insufficient energy supply, and metabolite accumulation. These limiting factors can be improved through repeated-sprint training, with greater RSA gains when performing this training with systemic hypoxia (i.e., reduced fraction of inspired oxygen). Exercising with blood flow restriction (BFR) causes localized hypoxia and a substantial metabolite load, which may provide an adjunct training method to improve RSA. Training with BFR augments muscular strength and adenosine triphosphate supply, which may improve subsequent sprint performance. Improved aerobic fitness, phosphocreatine resynthesis, and metabolite removal from BFR training could also enhance between-sprint recovery to resist fatigue. Despite the possible physiological benefits of repeated-sprint BFR training to improve RSA, there are no published reviews to collate this information. Therefore, this review proposes a theoretical framework for how BFR training could combat fatiguing factors and improve RSA based on current knowledge of the physiological impact of repeated-sprint training and BFR. Finally, guidance will be provided regarding how practitioners may implement BFR training to improve RSA.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"598 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42518695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000767
G. C. Silva, V. Lima, Andressa Oliveira Barros dos Santos, J. B. Castro, Y. R. Silva, Guilherme Rosa, R. Nunes, R. Vale
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the time under tension (TUT) behavior in the bench press exercise performance in recreationally trained individuals. A systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA recommendations and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022301830). MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Lilacs (BVS) databases were consulted with the terms (resistance training [Title/Abstract]) OR (strength training [Title/Abstract]) AND (time under tension [Title/Abstract]). Cohort studies that analyzed the TUT in the bench press exercise in individuals with experience in resistance training were included. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool to analyze the methodological quality of the included studies. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants was 215 individuals (179 men and 36 women). TUT was analyzed from the manipulation of each study variable. The behavior of the TUT in the bench press exercise varies according to the training protocol and method used. The TUT and the number of repetitions can vary to quantify the training volume.
{"title":"Analysis of Time Under Tension in Bench Press Exercise in Recreationally Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review","authors":"G. C. Silva, V. Lima, Andressa Oliveira Barros dos Santos, J. B. Castro, Y. R. Silva, Guilherme Rosa, R. Nunes, R. Vale","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000767","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the time under tension (TUT) behavior in the bench press exercise performance in recreationally trained individuals. A systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA recommendations and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022301830). MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Lilacs (BVS) databases were consulted with the terms (resistance training [Title/Abstract]) OR (strength training [Title/Abstract]) AND (time under tension [Title/Abstract]). Cohort studies that analyzed the TUT in the bench press exercise in individuals with experience in resistance training were included. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool to analyze the methodological quality of the included studies. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants was 215 individuals (179 men and 36 women). TUT was analyzed from the manipulation of each study variable. The behavior of the TUT in the bench press exercise varies according to the training protocol and method used. The TUT and the number of repetitions can vary to quantify the training volume.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"608 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44070714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000762
Huseyin Uysal, Oğuzhan Dalkıran, Sezgin Korkmaz, Zeki Akyildiz, H. Nobari, F. Clemente
ABSTRACT Combined strength training is performed with a combination of plyometric exercises and traditional strength exercises. This training method with different protocols (such as complex training or contrast training) is used to develop vertical jump performance in basketball. Combined strength training is based on the theory of PAP, and physiological changes in the nervous musculature allow for acute performance enhancement. Included and excluded studies were determined according to PICOS criteria. The search was performed on the electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus between September 1-7, 2022. The effect of combined strength training on vertical jump performance in basketball was compared with different training methods and as a result, a moderate effect was found in favor of combined strength training (ES=1.11, (95%CI 0.63-1.60), I2= 82%). As a result of systematic review and meta-analysis, it has been found that combined strength training applied in different forms in basketball is superior to other training methods in improving vertical jump performance. On the other hand, there is no superiority between the combined strength training protocols. Athletic performance specialists may improve jump performance by combining plyometric and traditional strength exercises in the same training season.
{"title":"The Effect of Combined Strength Training on Vertical Jump Performance in Young Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Huseyin Uysal, Oğuzhan Dalkıran, Sezgin Korkmaz, Zeki Akyildiz, H. Nobari, F. Clemente","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Combined strength training is performed with a combination of plyometric exercises and traditional strength exercises. This training method with different protocols (such as complex training or contrast training) is used to develop vertical jump performance in basketball. Combined strength training is based on the theory of PAP, and physiological changes in the nervous musculature allow for acute performance enhancement. Included and excluded studies were determined according to PICOS criteria. The search was performed on the electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus between September 1-7, 2022. The effect of combined strength training on vertical jump performance in basketball was compared with different training methods and as a result, a moderate effect was found in favor of combined strength training (ES=1.11, (95%CI 0.63-1.60), I2= 82%). As a result of systematic review and meta-analysis, it has been found that combined strength training applied in different forms in basketball is superior to other training methods in improving vertical jump performance. On the other hand, there is no superiority between the combined strength training protocols. Athletic performance specialists may improve jump performance by combining plyometric and traditional strength exercises in the same training season.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"554 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000768
R. Orr, R. Lockie, Anssi Saari, Tommi Paavola, Dagmar Muhlbauer, Jay Dawes
ABSTRACT Search and rescue (SAR) personnel may be required to wear and carry external loads during a task. These external loads may be carried in austere environments across unpredictable terrain. Like other tactical occupations (military, law enforcement, fire, and rescue), SAR loads can range from ≥20 to 45 kg. Not only are these loads known to cause a variety of injuries to the musculoskeletal, integumentary, and neurological systems of the carrier, but these loads are also known to impede task performance and have ultimately led to mission failure. Ensuring personnel are physically capable of carrying external loads on tasks is critical to mitigating these potential risks of injury and performance decrements. Optimal load carriage conditioning, following the known frequency, intensity, time, and type of training formula would see SAR personnel conduct a load carriage specific session every 7 to 14 days, with load weights, walking speeds, and durations akin to those typical of their SAR requirements. The terrain types (inclusive of grade and nature of terrain) should likewise form part of this conditioning process. In addition to load carriage-specific sessions, improving strength (notably relative strength) and aerobic fitness should also optimize the load carriage conditioning of SAR personnel.
{"title":"Load Carriage for Emergency Responders","authors":"R. Orr, R. Lockie, Anssi Saari, Tommi Paavola, Dagmar Muhlbauer, Jay Dawes","doi":"10.1519/SSC.0000000000000768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000768","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Search and rescue (SAR) personnel may be required to wear and carry external loads during a task. These external loads may be carried in austere environments across unpredictable terrain. Like other tactical occupations (military, law enforcement, fire, and rescue), SAR loads can range from ≥20 to 45 kg. Not only are these loads known to cause a variety of injuries to the musculoskeletal, integumentary, and neurological systems of the carrier, but these loads are also known to impede task performance and have ultimately led to mission failure. Ensuring personnel are physically capable of carrying external loads on tasks is critical to mitigating these potential risks of injury and performance decrements. Optimal load carriage conditioning, following the known frequency, intensity, time, and type of training formula would see SAR personnel conduct a load carriage specific session every 7 to 14 days, with load weights, walking speeds, and durations akin to those typical of their SAR requirements. The terrain types (inclusive of grade and nature of terrain) should likewise form part of this conditioning process. In addition to load carriage-specific sessions, improving strength (notably relative strength) and aerobic fitness should also optimize the load carriage conditioning of SAR personnel.","PeriodicalId":21993,"journal":{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"475 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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