Smart Materials in Medicine最新文献

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of acute lung injury (ALI), is the major cause of intensive care unit death worldwide. ALI/ARDS is a common condition characterized by a storm of potent inflammatory cytokines. Lung delivery of glucocorticoids (GCs) by inhalation is a potential approach for ALI treatment and ARDS prevention; however, its efficacy is limited by the rapid clearance of GCs in lungs. In this study, we developed surface-modified poly(lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol nanoparticles (BNPs) with bioadhesive properties for local delivery to the epidermis of lung tissues, which exhibited prolonged release profile of payloads following intratracheal spraying administration. Compared with that of non-adhesive nanoparticles (NNPs), BNPs showed significantly enhanced adhesion and prolonged retention within lung tissues in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice treated with betamethasone dipropionate (BD)-loaded BNPs showed significantly fewer lung histological alterations and less lung inflammation than those administered free BD or BD-loaded NNPs, indicating the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of BD/BNPs in ALI. In contrast, the features of ARDS were observed in the animal models without any treatments. Our findings demonstrated that pulmonary delivery of BNPs can maintain their same surface structures and continuously form covalent connections with the contacted tissues, emphasizing their potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy in ALI and prevent from ARDS.

Externally triggered drug delivery systems empower patients or healthcare providers to utilize external stimuli to initiate drug release from implanted systems. This approach holds significant potential for clinical disease management, offering appealing features like enhanced patient adherence through the elimination of needles and medication reminders. Additionally, it facilitates personalized medicine by granting patients control over the timing, dosage, and duration of drug release. Moreover, it enables precise drug delivery to targeted locations where external stimuli are applied. Advances in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology have been pivotal in driving the development of these systems. This review presents an overview of the progress in research on drug release systems responsive to external stimuli, such as light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and temperature. It discusses the construction strategies of externally triggered drug delivery systems, the mechanisms governing triggered drug release, and their applications in disease management.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can affect the balance of bone metabolism and bone microenvironment, leading to impaired fracture healing. There are several underlying mechanisms which contributing to the impaired diabetic bone microenvironment such as hyperglycemia, the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammation, and oxidative stress, etc. Recent studies have achieved great progress in developing novel smart biomaterials in improving the diabetic bone microenvironment to promote diabetic fracture healing. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms on DM-induced impaired fracture healing. Meanwhile, we also summarized the smart biomaterials used to improve the local microenvironment of diabetic fractures healing, which provides a novel perspective for the future treatment of fractures in diabetic patients.