Socio-economic Planning Sciences最新文献_第3页

The economic impact of terrorism in South Asia 恐怖主义对南亚经济的影响

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102084

Chang Meng, Noorulhaq Ghafoori

This study examines the economic impact of terrorism in South Asia. The region is currently home to 123 active terrorist/insurgent groups and is accountable for over 27 % of recorded global terrorist attacks. The annual data from the six most-terror-affected South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) during the US-led war on terror (2001 - 2022) is used. For econometric estimation, the five models: fixed-effect, generalized least squares (GLS), generalized estimating equation (GEE), quantile regression (QR), and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are applied. Terror-related death (a proxy for human capital loss) and per capita income (a proxy for purchasing power) are considered to measure terrorism and its economic impact. In addition, four economic indicators (military expenditure, population, official development assistance (ODA), and USAID) and three institutional indicators (electoral democracy index, political violence index, and mobilization for autocracy index) are taken into account as control variables. The result suggests that every additional 886 terror-related human capital loss across the region significantly reduces the purchasing power of each South Asian person by at least 9.800 US dollars. Moreover, among the control variables, military expenditure, political violence, and mobilization for autocracy negatively affect per capita income, while electoral democracy, population, ODA, and USAID positively impact it. This study will also help understand the implications of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda and achieving specific targets such as SDG 8 (promoting economic growth) and SDG 16 (promoting just, peaceful, and inclusive societies) based on the most terror-affected region.

本研究探讨了恐怖主义对南亚经济的影响。该地区目前有 123 个活跃的恐怖主义/叛乱团体，在有记录的全球恐怖袭击中占 27% 以上。本研究使用了美国领导的反恐战争期间（2001-2022 年）受恐怖主义影响最严重的六个南亚国家（阿富汗、孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡）的年度数据。在计量经济学估计方面，采用了固定效应、广义最小二乘法（GLS）、广义估计方程（GEE）、量子回归（QR）和面板校正标准误差（PCSE）五种模型。与恐怖主义相关的死亡人数（代表人力资本损失）和人均收入（代表购买力）被用来衡量恐怖主义及其经济影响。此外，四个经济指标（军费开支、人口、官方发展援助（ODA）和美国国际开发署（USAID））和三个制度指标（选举民主指数、政治暴力指数和专制动员指数）也被视为控制变量。结果表明，整个地区与恐怖活动相关的人力资本损失每增加 886 美元，就会使每个南亚人的购买力大幅降低至少 9.800 美元。此外，在控制变量中，军费开支、政治暴力和专制动员对人均收入有负面影响，而选举民主、人口、官方发展援助和美国国际开发署对人均收入有正面影响。这项研究还将有助于了解联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）议程的影响，以及根据受恐怖活动影响最严重的地区实现可持续发展目标 8（促进经济增长）和可持续发展目标 16（促进公正、和平和包容的社会）等具体目标的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial analysis of technical efficiency in the provision of local public goods: The case of Chilean mining municipalities 提供地方公共产品的技术效率空间分析：智利采矿城市的案例

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102075

Cristóbal Vásquez-Quezada , Mauricio Oyarzo

Countries with intensive mineral extraction generate resource windfalls for municipalities to improve population's welfare in mining areas. However, this process may be inefficient due to negative incentives inherent in their administration, moving away from the actual objective of these resources. This study analyzes the level of technical efficiency over the provision of public goods, namely public education and well-being in Chilean municipalities using a panel approach. To study technical efficiency, data were obtained from the National System of Municipal Information and the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey, between the years 2008–2019 for 342 Chilean municipalities. Stochastic Frontier Analysis in a panel context is employed to control for heteroskedasticity and unobserved heterogeneity. Chilean municipalities are ranked by technical efficiency in the provision of public goods and their persistence in space and time is examined. Two exogenous rules are used: mining municipalities and a classification of municipalities according to their capacity of provision. Similar localities are compared, and the effects of resource windfalls over efficiency are analyzed. The results reveal that technical efficiency is lower in mining areas with high persistence over the study period, providing evidence for the need to redesign the compensation mechanism derived from mining industry.

矿产开采密集的国家为市政当局带来资源意外之财，以改善矿区居民的福利。然而，由于其行政管理中固有的负面激励，这一过程可能效率低下，偏离了这些资源的实际目标。本研究采用面板法分析了智利各市提供公共产品（即公共教育和福利）的技术效率水平。为研究技术效率，我们从全国市政信息系统和全国社会经济特征调查中获取了 2008-2019 年智利 342 个城市的数据。研究采用了面板背景下的随机前沿分析法来控制异方差和未观察到的异质性。按照提供公共产品的技术效率对智利各市进行排名，并考察其在空间和时间上的持续性。使用了两个外生规则：采矿城市和根据提供能力对城市进行的分类。对相似的地方进行了比较，并分析了资源暴利对效率的影响。结果表明，在研究期间持续性较高的矿区，技术效率较低，这证明有必要重新设计采矿业衍生的补偿机制。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning embedded hybrid MCDM model to mitigate decision uncertainty in transport safety planning for OAS countries 嵌入机器学习的混合 MCDM 模型，用于减少美洲国家组织国家运输安全规划中的决策不确定性

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102082

Weijie Zhou , Hanrui Feng , Zeyu Guo , Huating Jia , Yue Li , Xinyue Luo , Siwei Ran , Hanming Zhang , Ziyu Zhou , Jiakai Yuan , Jiaxin Liu , Shijie Sun , Faan Chen

Providing defensible decisions is a prerequisite for methodologies of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) activities, and this is especially true for socio-economic analysis in public sector. This study proposes an all-in-one MCDM model with machine learning algorithms. The model integrates the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC), combined compromise solution (CoCoSo), and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), i.e., MEREC–CoCoSo–DBSCAN. In particular, the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) is implanted in DBSCAN to reduce the data dimensionality, and the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is embedded to determine the inflection points (ɛ) and minPts in the data. This counters the inherent model failure of DBSCAN in dealing with high-dimensional data and eliminates the requirement for manual intervention in the model procedure, thereby fully avoiding potential human error and automating the computing process. A case study on benchmarking transport safety systems for member countries of the Organization of American States (OAS) demonstrates the reliability, adaptability, and efficiency of the proposed model. It moreover reflects its feasibility in resolving real-life socio-economic issues by offering valuable insights and potential solutions in economic investment and funding allocation in regard to transport safety strategy. Overall, this study provides government officials, managers, and policymakers with a valuable tool for handling MCDM activities in socio-economic development with considerable practicality and credibility.

提供站得住脚的决策是多标准决策（MCDM）活动方法的先决条件，对于公共部门的社会经济分析尤其如此。本研究提出了一种采用机器学习算法的一体化 MCDM 模型。该模型集成了基于标准去除效应的方法（MEREC）、组合折衷方案（CoCoSo）和基于密度的带噪声空间聚类应用（DBSCAN），即 MEREC-CoCoSo-DBSCAN。其中，统一流形近似和投影（UMAP）被植入 DBSCAN 以降低数据维度，K-近邻（KNN）算法被植入 DBSCAN 以确定数据中的拐点（ɛ）和最小值。这就解决了 DBSCAN 在处理高维数据时固有的模型失效问题，并消除了人工干预模型过程的要求，从而充分避免了潜在的人为错误，实现了计算过程的自动化。一项关于美洲国家组织（OAS）成员国运输安全系统基准的案例研究证明了所提模型的可靠性、适应性和高效性。此外，该研究还反映了该模型在解决现实生活中的社会经济问题方面的可行性，为运输安全战略方面的经济投资和资金分配提供了有价值的见解和潜在的解决方案。总之，本研究为政府官员、管理人员和政策制定者提供了在社会经济发展过程中处理 MCDM 活动的宝贵工具，具有相当的实用性和可信度。

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引用次数: 0

Technical efficiency and managerial ability in two-stage production processes with undesirable products: A case on Asian banks 有不良产品的两阶段生产过程中的技术效率和管理能力：亚洲银行案例

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102081

Alireza Amirteimoori , Gang Kou

Performance improvement and managerial ability estimation using benchmarking tools and data envelopment analysis (DEA) in banking and financial sectors have attracted considerable attention among researchers and bank managers. Although there are many efforts in two-stage DEA in banks, few studies have been conducted to measure managerial ability and technical efficiency of two-stage DEA in the banking sector. This contribution proposes a two-stage DEA procedure to estimate technical efficiency and managerial ability in the banking sector in six Asian countries. The empirical results obtained for selected Asian banks revealed that variables total capital adequacy ratio, total assets and number of branches have a positive impact on the efficiency of the deposit gathering section. Moreover, we observed that the number of ATMs has a negative impact on the efficiency of the sales and services section. Another finding is that in all these six countries, the sales and service section has performed better than the deposit gathering section.

利用基准工具和数据包络分析（DEA）对银行和金融行业的绩效改进和管理能力进行评估，已经引起了研究人员和银行管理者的极大关注。尽管在银行两阶段 DEA 方面有许多努力，但很少有研究对银行业的管理能力和两阶段 DEA 的技术效率进行测量。本文提出了一种两阶段 DEA 程序来估算六个亚洲国家银行业的技术效率和管理能力。对部分亚洲银行的实证结果显示，总资本充足率、总资产和分支机构数量等变量对存款收集部门的效率有积极影响。此外，我们还发现自动取款机的数量对销售和服务部门的效率有负面影响。另一个发现是，在所有这六个国家中，销售和服务部门的业绩都好于存款收集部门。

引用次数: 0

A reassessment of graduation modeling for policy design 重新评估用于政策设计的毕业模型

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102079

Matteo Corsi , Enrico di Bella , Luca Persico

A vast and diverse literature estimates graduation chances using logistic models set in an arbitrary timeframe, where a graduation indicator is checked at a conventional point in time and associated with covariates measured at some date. Survival models emerged over time as a robust alternative, for being able to estimate time-to-degree and time-varying effects of predictors. This paper reconsiders the effectiveness of both modeling approaches in addressing policy-relevant questions, particularly in light of the increasingly automated and algorithm-based educational policies. We find that both methods exhibit blind spots and limitations, but that adopting a simple pragmatic approach logistic models can achieve a comparable level of effectiveness at depicting graduation dynamics while also being capable of answering questions that are problematic for survival models. We exploit a unique dataset and the nature of discrete-time survival models as combinations of logistic regressions run at different times to illustrate how arbitrary timeframes impact the estimates of a logistic model of graduation. Conversely, we illustrate how separately running and analyzing all the distinct logistic regressions provides insights that are unlikely to come from a survival model.

大量不同的文献使用逻辑模型来估算毕业机会，这些模型设定在一个任意的时间范围内，在一个常规的时间点检查毕业指标，并与在某个日期测量的协变量相关联。随着时间的推移，生存模型逐渐成为一种稳健的替代方法，因为它能够估算学位时间和预测因素的时变效应。本文重新考虑了这两种建模方法在解决政策相关问题时的有效性，尤其是在教育政策日益自动化和基于算法的情况下。我们发现，这两种方法都存在盲点和局限性，但采用简单实用的方法，逻辑模型在描述毕业动态方面可以达到相当的效果，同时还能回答生存模型难以解决的问题。我们利用一个独特的数据集和离散时间生存模型的性质，即在不同时间运行的逻辑回归组合，来说明任意时间框架如何影响毕业逻辑模型的估计值。反过来，我们也说明了单独运行和分析所有不同的逻辑回归如何提供了生存模型不可能提供的启示。

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引用次数: 0

A PLS-Hierarchical Path Modeling approach to analyze and address gender equality in the EU countries 分析和解决欧盟国家性别平等问题的 PLS-Hierarchical Path Modeling 方法

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102076

Rosanna Cataldo , Clelia Cascella , Maria Gabriella Grassia , Carlo Natale Lauro , Viktoriya Voytsekhovska

Gender equality, a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, is a hotly debated subject today, and its studio has grown enormously in recent years. After reviewing existing gender equality indices and identifying the methodological approaches used to develop them, the paper aims to show how a modeling approach can overcome some of the limitations of existing indices. Based on a conceptual framework developed by the European Institute for Gender Equality, we propose an alternative methodological approach for measuring gender equality. The paper aims to highlight the potential advantages of Partial Least Square - Path modeling and to show that it goes a step further compared to the European Gender Equality Index in that in addition to ranking countries, our approach allows (1) predicting the impact between dimensions and finding those that most effectively explain gender equality; and (2) supporting decisions to address gender equality. The use of the proposed model can help to understand the complexity of gender relations and facilitate comparisons across countries. At the end of the paper, we discuss other possible extensions of PLS-PM to study and address gender equality.

性别平等是一个多层面的复杂现象，是当今人们热议的话题，其工作室近年来也有了巨大的发展。在回顾了现有的性别平等指数并确定了用于制定这些指数的方法论之后，本文旨在说明建模方法如何能够克服现有指数的一些局限性。根据欧洲性别平等研究所制定的概念框架，我们提出了另一种衡量性别平等的方法。本文旨在强调偏最小平方--路径建模的潜在优势，并说明与欧洲性别平等指数相比，它更进一步，因为除了对国家进行排名外，我们的方法还可以：(1) 预测各维度之间的影响，并找到最有效地解释性别平等的维度；(2) 支持解决性别平等问题的决策。使用建议的模型有助于理解性别关系的复杂性，并促进各国之间的比较。在本文的最后，我们讨论了 PLS-PM 在研究和解决性别平等问题方面的其他可能扩展。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing airline efficiency with a network DEA model: A Z-number approach with shared resources, undesirable outputs, and negative data 利用网络 DEA 模型评估航空公司效率：具有共享资源、不良产出和负面数据的 Z 数字方法

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102080

Zijiang Yang , Hashem Omrani , Raha Imanirad

This study measures the efficiency of airlines using a novel fuzzy common weight additive network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) with shared resources, negative data, and undesirable outputs. First, an appropriate two-stage network is designed for each airline so that stages 1 and 2 are called the Production and Service stages, respectively. The proposed model adopts a top-down approach and calculates the efficiency of the system first and then estimates the efficiency of stages 1 and 2. To evaluate and predict the airlines’ efficiency considering fuzzy data and the reliability of the information, the values of input/intermediate/output variables are predicted as the Z-number and the appropriate Z-number version of NDEA (ZNDEA) models is proposed. To develop the proposed ZNDEA models and find common weights for the variables, three multi-objective ZNDEA models for the system, stage 1 and stage 2 are presented. The multi-objective common weight ZNDEA models are solved using the min-max Chebyshev goal programming technique and the final efficiencies are calculated. To illustrate the capability of the proposed approach, real-life data from Iranian airlines in 2022 are collected, and the efficiencies are analyzed.

本研究采用新颖的模糊共权相加网络数据包络分析法（NDEA），在共享资源、负数据和不良产出的情况下衡量航空公司的效率。首先，为每家航空公司设计一个适当的两阶段网络，将第 1 和第 2 阶段分别称为生产阶段和服务阶段。建议的模型采用自上而下的方法，首先计算系统效率，然后估算阶段 1 和阶段 2 的效率。为了评估和预测航空公司的效率，考虑到模糊数据和信息的可靠性，输入/中间/输出变量的值被预测为 Z 数，并提出了适当的 Z 数版 NDEA（ZNDEA）模型。为了开发所提出的 ZNDEA 模型并找到变量的共同权重，提出了系统、阶段 1 和阶段 2 的三个多目标 ZNDEA 模型。多目标共同权重 ZNDEA 模型采用最小-最大切比雪夫目标编程技术求解，并计算出最终效率。为说明所提方法的能力，收集了 2022 年伊朗航空公司的实际数据，并对效率进行了分析。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring business impacts on the sustainability of European-listed firms 衡量企业对欧洲上市公司可持续性的影响

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102078

Rita Laura D’Ecclesia , Susanna Levantesi , Kevyn Stefanelli

The Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) themes assume a central position in the foundation of business strategies and risk management for both private managers and financial institutions. Measuring the sustainability commitment of listed companies is required by regulators and Monetary Authorities and plays a pivotal role in the selection process for asset management companies. ESG ratings are used to assess the company’s commitment to sustainability. This paper explores how a firm business, measured by balance sheet data, influences the ESG rating. In particular, we focus on Europe, which countries first paved the way for the sustainable transformation of the economy through various policies and initiatives. We employ a Machine Learning approach to discern the non-linear relationships between ESG ratings and corporate data aiming to identify the prime factors influencing the ESG ratings. We can assess potential country or business sector-based discrepancies by selecting a sample containing firms listed on the major European indices (AEX, BEL, CAC, DAX, FTSE, FTSE-MIB, IBEX, OMX). We find that the firm size, measured by total assets, and the carbon intensity are the variables that most influence the ESG rating in countries where the economic sectors rely mainly on the business cycle and economic conditions. For companies operating in the technology, financials, and industrial sectors, the main ESG driver is the asset turnover ratio, which is a measure of the efficiency with which a company generates revenues, and the EBIT to revenue, which is a measure of the operating margin asset turnover and the Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) to revenue ratio. We discover diverse factors affecting ESG ratings across various European countries, highlighting the impact of each nation’s policy on ESG commitment.

环境、社会和治理（ESG）主题在私人经理人和金融机构的业务战略和风险管理基础中占据核心地位。监管机构和金融当局要求对上市公司的可持续发展承诺进行衡量，这在资产管理公司的选择过程中起着举足轻重的作用。环境、社会和公司治理评级用于评估公司对可持续发展的承诺。本文探讨了以资产负债表数据衡量的公司业务如何影响 ESG 评级。我们尤其关注欧洲，因为欧洲国家首先通过各种政策和举措为经济的可持续转型铺平了道路。我们采用机器学习方法来辨别环境、社会和公司治理评级与企业数据之间的非线性关系，旨在找出影响环境、社会和公司治理评级的主要因素。我们可以通过选取在欧洲主要指数（AEX、BEL、CAC、DAX、FTSE、FTSE-MIB、IBEX、OMX）中上市的公司作为样本，评估潜在的基于国家或企业部门的差异。我们发现，在经济部门主要依赖商业周期和经济条件的国家，以总资产衡量的公司规模和碳强度是最能影响 ESG 评级的变量。对于科技、金融和工业领域的公司来说，主要的环境、社会和公司治理驱动因素是资产周转率（衡量公司创收效率的指标）和息税前盈利（EBIT）收入比（衡量资产周转率和息税前盈利（EBIT）收入比的指标）。我们发现了影响欧洲各国环境、社会和公司治理评级的各种因素，强调了各国政策对环境、社会和公司治理承诺的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated sustainability perspective and spillover effects of social, environment and economic pillars: A case study using SEY model 综合可持续性视角以及社会、环境和经济支柱的溢出效应：利用 SEY 模型进行案例研究

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102077

Hao Huang , Faeze Akbari

This study examines the integrated sustainability perspective by mapping the spillover effects among sustainable development pillars including social, environment, and economy. To this end, it estimates the sustainability elasticities between a developing country, Iran, and six global regions including 1- North America, 2- Latin America and Caribbean, 3- European Union, 4- Sub-Saharan Africa, 5- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and 6- East Asia and Pacific. This estimation uses the SEY model, an econometric package involving simultaneous equations systems, Vector Autoregressive models (VAR), and Granger causality within 1971–2019. This research differs from the previous studies by exploring the sustainability spillovers not only spatially but also across various pillars of sustainable development. The results show that the pillars of sustainable development have significant and positive elasticities. This finding accepts the integrated sustainability perspective since the pillars of sustainable development indicate considerable and synergistic effects from both spatial and contextual outlooks. In this way, the findings support globalization, openness, and flow-based governance, consistent with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions) and 17 (Partnerships for the goals). Therefore, policymakers should strengthen the globalization and openness by establishing and promoting international agreements, global organizations, and inclusive frameworks not only in trade, finance, and economy but also in cultural, social, and political affairs.

本研究通过分析可持续发展支柱（包括社会、环境和经济）之间的溢出效应，对综合可持续性视角进行了研究。为此，本研究估算了发展中国家伊朗与全球六个地区之间的可持续性弹性，包括 1- 北美、2- 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区、3- 欧洲联盟、4- 撒哈拉以南非洲、5- 中东和北非（MENA）以及 6- 东亚和太平洋地区。该估算使用了 SEY 模型，这是一个计量经济学软件包，涉及 1971-2019 年期间的同时方程系统、向量自回归模型（VAR）和格兰杰因果关系。与以往研究不同的是，本研究不仅从空间角度，而且从可持续发展的各个支柱角度探讨了可持续发展的溢出效应。结果表明，可持续发展的各个支柱都具有显著的正弹性。这一结果接受了综合可持续性的观点，因为从空间和环境的角度来看，可持续发展的各个支柱都具有相当大的协同效应。因此，研究结果支持全球化、开放和基于流动的治理，这与可持续发展目标（SDGs）16（和平、公正和强有力的机构）和 17（目标伙伴关系）是一致的。因此，政策制定者应加强全球化和开放性，不仅在贸易、金融和经济领域，而且在文化、社会和政治事务领域建立和促进国际协定、全球组织和包容性框架。

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引用次数: 0

Logistics planning for direct temporary disaster housing assistance under demand uncertainty 需求不确定情况下的直接临时救灾住房援助后勤规划

IF 6.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Socio-economic Planning Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2024.102072

Sheng-Yin Chen , Yongjia Song , Dustin Albright , Weichiang Pang

In this paper, we propose and study a framework for disaster housing logistics planning under demand uncertainty. Specifically, we utilize a two-stage chance-constrained stochastic programming model to achieve the balance between logistics operational cost and demand fulfillment especially towards extreme disaster scenarios. To do so, we incorporate two operational modalities, one for the ordinary modality and the other for the emergency modality, and the emergency modality is only allowed to be activated for a certain percentage of scenarios that is specified by the decision maker among all scenarios. The set of scenarios is generated according to a spatial regression model for characterizing the disaster housing demand based on a selected number of independent variables related to both the hazard and socioeconomic factors, which is trained offline from historical data. We conduct a numerical experiment based on Hurricane Ian, and our numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to some standard benchmark approaches. We also highlight the managerial insights for disaster housing logistics planning gained through this numerical experiment.

在本文中，我们提出并研究了需求不确定情况下的灾后住房物流规划框架。具体而言，我们利用两阶段机会约束随机规划模型来实现物流运营成本与需求满足之间的平衡，尤其是在极端灾害情况下。为此，我们采用了两种运营模式，一种是普通模式，另一种是应急模式，而且应急模式只允许在决策者指定的所有情景中的一定比例的情景下启动。这套方案是根据一个空间回归模型生成的，该模型基于与灾害和社会经济因素相关的若干自变量，并根据历史数据进行离线训练。我们以 "伊恩 "飓风为基础进行了数值实验，数值结果表明，与一些标准基准方法相比，所提出的方法非常有效。我们还强调了通过该数值实验获得的灾后住房物流规划管理见解。

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引用次数: 0