Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622986
Jeong-ho Cho, Yong-hyeon Lee, M. Chun, Byung-ik Kim
Various vibration modes used in ceramic resonators which have been commercialized recently, and they have been mainly used in generating frequencies greater than 10 MHz with the 3rd overtone vibration (TE3 mode vibration) and 2nd vibration (TE2 mode vibration) generated by laminating two layers. In the case of the TE2 mode vibration, it is known there is no problem of a spurious response generated in the TE3 mode vibration. In this study, the TE3 mode vibration and TE2 mode vibration of PbTiO3-based ceramics were simulated by the FEMLAB program and compared the results, which simulation revealed that the TE2 mode generated vibration in a more local area than TE3 mode. We tried to investigate the origin of the spurious response in TE3 mode vibration by analyzing the influences of the ratio of electrode overlap length (L) per thickness (T) of resonators. It was found that the anti-resonant frequency of a TE3 vibration and the resonant frequency of a spurious vibration became closer to split impedance shape with increasing the electrode overlap length, and the resonant impedance of TE3 vibration became unstable in short overlap length. It was expected that the TE3 mode would be less influenced by spurious vibrations in a L/T ratio of 2.0 ~3.0 in a manufactured resonator.
{"title":"The spurious vibration analysis of ceramic resonator using 3rd overtone vibration","authors":"Jeong-ho Cho, Yong-hyeon Lee, M. Chun, Byung-ik Kim","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622986","url":null,"abstract":"Various vibration modes used in ceramic resonators which have been commercialized recently, and they have been mainly used in generating frequencies greater than 10 MHz with the 3rd overtone vibration (TE3 mode vibration) and 2nd vibration (TE2 mode vibration) generated by laminating two layers. In the case of the TE2 mode vibration, it is known there is no problem of a spurious response generated in the TE3 mode vibration. In this study, the TE3 mode vibration and TE2 mode vibration of PbTiO3-based ceramics were simulated by the FEMLAB program and compared the results, which simulation revealed that the TE2 mode generated vibration in a more local area than TE3 mode. We tried to investigate the origin of the spurious response in TE3 mode vibration by analyzing the influences of the ratio of electrode overlap length (L) per thickness (T) of resonators. It was found that the anti-resonant frequency of a TE3 vibration and the resonant frequency of a spurious vibration became closer to split impedance shape with increasing the electrode overlap length, and the resonant impedance of TE3 vibration became unstable in short overlap length. It was expected that the TE3 mode would be less influenced by spurious vibrations in a L/T ratio of 2.0 ~3.0 in a manufactured resonator.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129699299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623045
Ya Liu, Xiaohui Li, Dan-ni Wang, Wen-li Wang, Jian-Xun Li
The performance of two high precision frequency-stability measurement systems, analog beat method time-interval analyzer, has been compared with digital beat method systems developed at the National Time Service Center. In this paper, the digital beat method system is a measuring technique that uses a multi-channel beat note digital analyzer in place of the time interval counter. This technique uses the local oscillator and mixer to convert the test signals and reference signals to a low frequency. This article reports on the frequency-stability analysis of the digital beat method in detail based upon the beat method working at 10 MHz with 1 Hz beat note and the cross correlation arithmetic. The principle of the system is reviewed, the design approach and compared system is described, and the experimental results are present. The measurement system shows that the digital beat method system can achieve a stability of 3times10-14 /tau (Allan deviation, tau =1s ) when the analog beat method can acquire a stability of 4.7times10-12 /tau (Allan deviation, tau =1s ) by using the SR620. An approach to reduce quantization noise effects and evaluate performance of the algorithm problems has been tested too.
{"title":"Analysis and comparison of performance of frequency standard measurement systems based on beat-frequency method","authors":"Ya Liu, Xiaohui Li, Dan-ni Wang, Wen-li Wang, Jian-Xun Li","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623045","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of two high precision frequency-stability measurement systems, analog beat method time-interval analyzer, has been compared with digital beat method systems developed at the National Time Service Center. In this paper, the digital beat method system is a measuring technique that uses a multi-channel beat note digital analyzer in place of the time interval counter. This technique uses the local oscillator and mixer to convert the test signals and reference signals to a low frequency. This article reports on the frequency-stability analysis of the digital beat method in detail based upon the beat method working at 10 MHz with 1 Hz beat note and the cross correlation arithmetic. The principle of the system is reviewed, the design approach and compared system is described, and the experimental results are present. The measurement system shows that the digital beat method system can achieve a stability of 3times10-14 /tau (Allan deviation, tau =1s ) when the analog beat method can acquire a stability of 4.7times10-12 /tau (Allan deviation, tau =1s ) by using the SR620. An approach to reduce quantization noise effects and evaluate performance of the algorithm problems has been tested too.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128705595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623043
Jian Xun Li, X. Ke
The general pulsar timing model and the time difference of arrival (TDOA) model were discussed. Taking into account low complexity and real time requirement, an autonomous positioning algorithm which be of MLE closed-form solution was introduced by selecting the liner TDOA expression and the first-order timing forecast model. Also, an improved method for the ambiguity resolution was put forward in case of the internal clock of the spacecraft can be considered stable enough to be a valid reference and a previous coarse knowledge of the spacecraft position is acquired. At last, the positioning simulation was done and results indicate the feasibleness of this technique in finding the 3D location of the spacecraft.
{"title":"Autonomous positioning based on pulsar timing model","authors":"Jian Xun Li, X. Ke","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623043","url":null,"abstract":"The general pulsar timing model and the time difference of arrival (TDOA) model were discussed. Taking into account low complexity and real time requirement, an autonomous positioning algorithm which be of MLE closed-form solution was introduced by selecting the liner TDOA expression and the first-order timing forecast model. Also, an improved method for the ambiguity resolution was put forward in case of the internal clock of the spacecraft can be considered stable enough to be a valid reference and a previous coarse knowledge of the spacecraft position is acquired. At last, the positioning simulation was done and results indicate the feasibleness of this technique in finding the 3D location of the spacecraft.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129557549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623037
A. Ludlow, G. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. Boyd, T. Zelevinsky, M.J. Martin, M. D. de Miranda, J. Thomsen, Jun Ye, T. Fortier, J. Stalnaker, S. Diddams, C. Oates
We report on the improved characterization and operation of an optical frequency standard based on nuclear-spin-polarized, ultracold neutral strontium confined in a one dimensional optical lattice. We implement a remote optical carrier phase link between JILA and NIST Boulder campus, permitting high precision evaluation of the Sr system with other optical standards. Frequency measurement against a free-space Ca standard enables determination of systematic shifts of the Sr standard at or below 1 x 10-16 fractional uncertainty. We observe a density-dependent shift of the clock transition and its dependence on excited state fraction, with a zero crossing of the shift. We perform a 50-hour-long absolute frequency measurement of the strontium transition referenced to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain standard. This yields a value for the Sr clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of 8.6 x 10-16, limited by the H-maser and Cs standards used. This represents our fifth, and the most accurate, measurement of the 87Sr clock frequency.
本文报道了一种基于核自旋极化、超冷中性锶的一维光学晶格光学频率标准的改进表征和操作。我们在JILA和NIST博尔德校区之间实现了远程光学载波相位链路，允许使用其他光学标准对Sr系统进行高精度评估。对自由空间Ca标准的频率测量可以确定Sr标准在1 × 10-16分数不确定度或以下的系统位移。我们观察到时钟跃迁的密度依赖移位及其对激发态分数的依赖，移位的零交叉。我们执行一个50小时的锶跃迁的绝对频率测量参考NIST-F1 Cs喷泉标准。这产生了Sr时钟跃迁频率的值，其分数不确定度为8.6 x 10-16，受所使用的h脉泽和Cs标准的限制。这是我们对87Sr时钟频率的第五次，也是最准确的一次测量。
{"title":"Strontium optical lattice clock: 10−16 uncertainty","authors":"A. Ludlow, G. Campbell, S. Blatt, M. Boyd, T. Zelevinsky, M.J. Martin, M. D. de Miranda, J. Thomsen, Jun Ye, T. Fortier, J. Stalnaker, S. Diddams, C. Oates","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623037","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the improved characterization and operation of an optical frequency standard based on nuclear-spin-polarized, ultracold neutral strontium confined in a one dimensional optical lattice. We implement a remote optical carrier phase link between JILA and NIST Boulder campus, permitting high precision evaluation of the Sr system with other optical standards. Frequency measurement against a free-space Ca standard enables determination of systematic shifts of the Sr standard at or below 1 x 10-16 fractional uncertainty. We observe a density-dependent shift of the clock transition and its dependence on excited state fraction, with a zero crossing of the shift. We perform a 50-hour-long absolute frequency measurement of the strontium transition referenced to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain standard. This yields a value for the Sr clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of 8.6 x 10-16, limited by the H-maser and Cs standards used. This represents our fifth, and the most accurate, measurement of the 87Sr clock frequency.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622973
Jianke Du, Xiaoying Jin, Ji Wang
In this study, shear horizontal gap waves propagating in layered piezoelectric structures with initial stress is investigated analytically. The boundary conditions imply that the displacement, shear stress, electric potential, and electric displacement are continuous across the interface between the layer and the substrate. The electrically open conditions at the interface between the air and the piezoelectric layer are applied to solve the problem. The phase velocity equation can be obtained and the velocity is numerically calculated and discussed in detail for different initial stresses in the piezoelectric layer. We find that the initial stress has remarkable effect on the phase velocity of the gap waves.
{"title":"Gap wave propagating in layered piezoelectric material structures with initial stress","authors":"Jianke Du, Xiaoying Jin, Ji Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622973","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, shear horizontal gap waves propagating in layered piezoelectric structures with initial stress is investigated analytically. The boundary conditions imply that the displacement, shear stress, electric potential, and electric displacement are continuous across the interface between the layer and the substrate. The electrically open conditions at the interface between the air and the piezoelectric layer are applied to solve the problem. The phase velocity equation can be obtained and the velocity is numerically calculated and discussed in detail for different initial stresses in the piezoelectric layer. We find that the initial stress has remarkable effect on the phase velocity of the gap waves.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127061138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623110
J. Taylor, C. Nelson, A. Hati, N. Ashby, D. Howe
The opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) has emerged in recent years as an excellent low-noise source that rivals the best RF oscillators over broad offset frequencies. The main sources of noise in an OEO are the laser and RF modulator, photo detector, loop amplifier, and the long fiber that is needed for high Q. Recent studies have shown that even by using state-of-the-art components and a low-loss long fiber, the phase-modulated (PM) noise of these OEOs fails to meet the theoretical value at offset frequencies close to carrier, from a few hertz to 1 kHz. The main cause for this shortfall is vibration effects on the optical fiber. External, environmental vibration causes mechanical distortions in the fiber that induce time-delay (phase) fluctuations. The spool onto which the fiber is wound is primarily responsible for imparting these vibration-induced delay fluctuations to the fiber and thus diminishing the performance of the OEO. In this paper, we compare the vibration-induced phase fluctuations of a 3 km optical fiber wound on spools made of four materials-metal, ceramic, plastic, and foam-covered plastic. We investigate fiber-on-spool winding and mounting techniques that reduce vibration susceptibility. We present residual PM measurements that compare the vibration sensitivity of an optical fiber wound on these different materials.
{"title":"Vibration-induced PM noise measurements of a rigid optical fiber spool","authors":"J. Taylor, C. Nelson, A. Hati, N. Ashby, D. Howe","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623110","url":null,"abstract":"The opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) has emerged in recent years as an excellent low-noise source that rivals the best RF oscillators over broad offset frequencies. The main sources of noise in an OEO are the laser and RF modulator, photo detector, loop amplifier, and the long fiber that is needed for high Q. Recent studies have shown that even by using state-of-the-art components and a low-loss long fiber, the phase-modulated (PM) noise of these OEOs fails to meet the theoretical value at offset frequencies close to carrier, from a few hertz to 1 kHz. The main cause for this shortfall is vibration effects on the optical fiber. External, environmental vibration causes mechanical distortions in the fiber that induce time-delay (phase) fluctuations. The spool onto which the fiber is wound is primarily responsible for imparting these vibration-induced delay fluctuations to the fiber and thus diminishing the performance of the OEO. In this paper, we compare the vibration-induced phase fluctuations of a 3 km optical fiber wound on spools made of four materials-metal, ceramic, plastic, and foam-covered plastic. We investigate fiber-on-spool winding and mounting techniques that reduce vibration susceptibility. We present residual PM measurements that compare the vibration sensitivity of an optical fiber wound on these different materials.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127090770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622966
S. Goka, T. Okura, M. Moroyama, Y. Watanabe
This paper outlines the features of the 85Rb vapor cell atomic clock, the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in an 85Rb/87Rb mixed vapor cell, and the results of the frequency stabilities of a pilot system. The experiments were performed with a sealed vapor cell containing a natural mixture of Rb isotopes and a buffer gas. Excitation of the CPT resonance was accomplished using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser modulated at 1.5, 3.0, 3.4 and 6.8 GHz, which corresponded to the full- and half-ground-state hyperfine frequencies of 85Rb and 87Rb. The results show that the CPT resonances at both 85Rb and 87Rb can be observed separately. The frequency stabilities of the output signals for each CPT resonance were <10x10-12/day for 85Rb and <6x10-12/day for 87Rb. In addition, the RF modulation signal power for 85Rb was 1.1 dB less than that of 87Rb, which was 3.4 GHz.
{"title":"Low power 85Rb CPT atomic clock","authors":"S. Goka, T. Okura, M. Moroyama, Y. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622966","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the features of the <sup>85</sup>Rb vapor cell atomic clock, the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in an <sup>85</sup>Rb/<sup>87</sup>Rb mixed vapor cell, and the results of the frequency stabilities of a pilot system. The experiments were performed with a sealed vapor cell containing a natural mixture of Rb isotopes and a buffer gas. Excitation of the CPT resonance was accomplished using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser modulated at 1.5, 3.0, 3.4 and 6.8 GHz, which corresponded to the full- and half-ground-state hyperfine frequencies of <sup>85</sup>Rb and <sup>87</sup>Rb. The results show that the CPT resonances at both <sup>85</sup>Rb and <sup>87</sup>Rb can be observed separately. The frequency stabilities of the output signals for each CPT resonance were <10x10<sup>-12</sup>/day for <sup>85</sup>Rb and <6x10<sup>-12</sup>/day for <sup>87</sup>Rb. In addition, the RF modulation signal power for <sup>85</sup>Rb was 1.1 dB less than that of <sup>87</sup>Rb, which was 3.4 GHz.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129075771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622979
Faxi Chen, Wei Zhou, Hai Wang, Shixiang Qian, Weining Jiang
For higher phase lock precision, a new principle, the equivalent phase comparison frequency (EPCF) between signals in different frequencies, is presented in this paper. Using the new PLL based on EPCF, higher phase comparison and phase lock precision can be achieved with simple electrical circuits. Evidently, this principle is based on the analysis of time and phase, rather than on frequency simply. Quite high resolution can be achieved for phase processing method based on the principle of EPCF.
{"title":"A novel PLL based on phase comparison between two signals with different frequencies","authors":"Faxi Chen, Wei Zhou, Hai Wang, Shixiang Qian, Weining Jiang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622979","url":null,"abstract":"For higher phase lock precision, a new principle, the equivalent phase comparison frequency (EPCF) between signals in different frequencies, is presented in this paper. Using the new PLL based on EPCF, higher phase comparison and phase lock precision can be achieved with simple electrical circuits. Evidently, this principle is based on the analysis of time and phase, rather than on frequency simply. Quite high resolution can be achieved for phase processing method based on the principle of EPCF.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132035774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622974
Jianke Du, Xiaoyu Cheng, Ji Wang
We investigate surface acoustic waves (Rayleigh waves) in a half-space magneto-electro-elastic material structure. The magneto-electrically open and short conditions at the surface are taken to solve this problem. The phase velocity can be numerically calculated and figured for the magneto-electrically open and short cases, respectively, for different piezomagnetic coefficient. The methods and procedures can be applied to surface acoustic wave analysis in the magneto-electro-elastic structures used in acoustic wave resonators and sensors.
{"title":"Surface acoustic waves propagating in magnetoelectro-elastic material structures","authors":"Jianke Du, Xiaoyu Cheng, Ji Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622974","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate surface acoustic waves (Rayleigh waves) in a half-space magneto-electro-elastic material structure. The magneto-electrically open and short conditions at the surface are taken to solve this problem. The phase velocity can be numerically calculated and figured for the magneto-electrically open and short cases, respectively, for different piezomagnetic coefficient. The methods and procedures can be applied to surface acoustic wave analysis in the magneto-electro-elastic structures used in acoustic wave resonators and sensors.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129216334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623056
Hongbin Cheng, Lifeng Qin, Fang Li, Qing-Ming Wang
In this paper, we present our recent study on the fabrication and characterization of ammonia gas sensors based on quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators employing ZnO nanowires as the sensitive coating layer. c-axis vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays were synthesized on the quartz resonator through a simple hydrothermal synthesis route. The ZnO nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensing characteristics, including sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and response time of the acoustic wave gas sensors have been studied under different concentration levels of ammonia at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the use of the ZnO nanowire arrays on quartz TSM acoustic wave resonator can greatly enhance the sensitivity and sensor response speed due to the fast surface/interface reaction and large surface/volume ratio of the nanowire arrays.
{"title":"Ammonia sensing characteristics of quartz resonator coated with ZnO nanowires sensitive layer","authors":"Hongbin Cheng, Lifeng Qin, Fang Li, Qing-Ming Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present our recent study on the fabrication and characterization of ammonia gas sensors based on quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators employing ZnO nanowires as the sensitive coating layer. c-axis vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays were synthesized on the quartz resonator through a simple hydrothermal synthesis route. The ZnO nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensing characteristics, including sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and response time of the acoustic wave gas sensors have been studied under different concentration levels of ammonia at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the use of the ZnO nanowire arrays on quartz TSM acoustic wave resonator can greatly enhance the sensitivity and sensor response speed due to the fast surface/interface reaction and large surface/volume ratio of the nanowire arrays.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123172290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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