Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623088
A. Dobrogowski, M. Kasznia
In this paper the algorithm enabling assessment of maximum time interval error (MTIE) for non-uniform sampling of time error is proposed. The reasons of non-uniform sampling are presented. Then the idea of MTIE computing for non-uniform sampled data is described. Next the details of the algorithm are presented and described.
{"title":"Algorithm of MTIE point estimate computing for non-uniform sampling of time error","authors":"A. Dobrogowski, M. Kasznia","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623088","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the algorithm enabling assessment of maximum time interval error (MTIE) for non-uniform sampling of time error is proposed. The reasons of non-uniform sampling are presented. Then the idea of MTIE computing for non-uniform sampled data is described. Next the details of the algorithm are presented and described.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127037222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623000
Brice Ivira, Alexandre Reinhardt, Emmanuel Defay, M. Aid
This paper deals with the development of newly reported Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonators using electrostrictive Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) oxide thin films for GHz applications. Electrostriction enables tuning acoustic parameters according to a large DC bias which is superimposed over a small RF signal. As a result, such a BAW resonator behaves like conventional piezoelectric BAW but RF electrical responses can be switched OFF or tuned once turned ON. One of the major challenges is to achieve electromechanical coupling and quality factors as good as AlN-based BAW. This study gives preliminary results in terms of modeling for electromechanical coupling optimization and experimental investigations particularly focused on integration of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 in BAW resonators.
{"title":"Integration of electrostrictive Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films into Bulk Acoustic Wave resonator for RF-frequency tuning under DC bias","authors":"Brice Ivira, Alexandre Reinhardt, Emmanuel Defay, M. Aid","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623000","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the development of newly reported Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonators using electrostrictive Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) oxide thin films for GHz applications. Electrostriction enables tuning acoustic parameters according to a large DC bias which is superimposed over a small RF signal. As a result, such a BAW resonator behaves like conventional piezoelectric BAW but RF electrical responses can be switched OFF or tuned once turned ON. One of the major challenges is to achieve electromechanical coupling and quality factors as good as AlN-based BAW. This study gives preliminary results in terms of modeling for electromechanical coupling optimization and experimental investigations particularly focused on integration of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 in BAW resonators.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122700599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623046
Hai Wang, Wei Zhou, Zhiqi Li, Shixiang Qian, Weining Jiang, Chunxu Wang
The short time-interval and frequency measurement are main research projects in the measurement of time and frequency. Traditional measurement methods include direct counting, analog interpolating, time-to-voltage conversion, time vernier and time-to-digital conversion. However these methods are all complicated and the instruments based on these methods are expensive. A novel method for short time-interval and frequency measurement based on delay-chain technique is presented in this paper. This method utilizes measured short time-interval or measured frequency signal to generate count gate. A delay-chain is used to delay reference frequency signal orderly. So a group of signals with phase-shifting evenly in a period of reference frequency signal are generated, and are counted respectively under the same count gate. With the average of the counts as the count of reference frequency, the decimal counting error is reduced and measurement accuracy is improved. The measurement resolution of this method for short time-interval and measurement accuracy for frequency are equal to the measurement results under condition of increasing frequency of reference frequency signal by the times of the number of delay unit in a delay-chain. An experiment demonstrates the resolution of short time-interval measurement and the accuracy of frequency measurement could be 100 ps and respectively and the theoretical measurement resolution and accuracy could be higher. Although it needs more delay units and counters in order to achieve high-accuracy measurement, this is not a problem because new device has been used, such as FPGA. This method is suitable for high-accuracy and low-cost measurement..
{"title":"A time and frequency measurement method based on delay-chain technique","authors":"Hai Wang, Wei Zhou, Zhiqi Li, Shixiang Qian, Weining Jiang, Chunxu Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623046","url":null,"abstract":"The short time-interval and frequency measurement are main research projects in the measurement of time and frequency. Traditional measurement methods include direct counting, analog interpolating, time-to-voltage conversion, time vernier and time-to-digital conversion. However these methods are all complicated and the instruments based on these methods are expensive. A novel method for short time-interval and frequency measurement based on delay-chain technique is presented in this paper. This method utilizes measured short time-interval or measured frequency signal to generate count gate. A delay-chain is used to delay reference frequency signal orderly. So a group of signals with phase-shifting evenly in a period of reference frequency signal are generated, and are counted respectively under the same count gate. With the average of the counts as the count of reference frequency, the decimal counting error is reduced and measurement accuracy is improved. The measurement resolution of this method for short time-interval and measurement accuracy for frequency are equal to the measurement results under condition of increasing frequency of reference frequency signal by the times of the number of delay unit in a delay-chain. An experiment demonstrates the resolution of short time-interval measurement and the accuracy of frequency measurement could be 100 ps and respectively and the theoretical measurement resolution and accuracy could be higher. Although it needs more delay units and counters in order to achieve high-accuracy measurement, this is not a problem because new device has been used, such as FPGA. This method is suitable for high-accuracy and low-cost measurement..","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125868788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622975
Wenyan Wang, Chao Zhang, Zhitian Zhang, Yan Liu, G. Feng, Ji Wang
In the present study, the LFE (lateral field excitation) coupling coefficient and phase velocity for (yxl)-16.5deg LiTaO3 were calculated as a function of the angle psi, which indicates the direction of the driving electric field with respect to the crystallographic x-axis of the piezoelectric plate. Several LFE devices of 5 MHz were designed and fabricated in two groups: psi = 0deg and psi = plusmn90deg. The result shows that for the LFE device of psi = 0deg operating in water, the thickness shear mode (TSM) could be excited both by LFE and TFE (thickness field excitation). For psi = plusmn90deg, the TSM is launched only by TFE and the device is in fact a pseudo-LFE device. Similar investigation has also been done to AT-cut quartz. The result suggests that the reported LFE AT-cut acoustic wave sensors may well be possible a pseudo-LFE device or a combination of TFE and LFE.
{"title":"Investigation of pseudo-Lateral-Field-Excitation in (yxl)-16.5° LiTaO3","authors":"Wenyan Wang, Chao Zhang, Zhitian Zhang, Yan Liu, G. Feng, Ji Wang","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622975","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the LFE (lateral field excitation) coupling coefficient and phase velocity for (yxl)-16.5deg LiTaO3 were calculated as a function of the angle psi, which indicates the direction of the driving electric field with respect to the crystallographic x-axis of the piezoelectric plate. Several LFE devices of 5 MHz were designed and fabricated in two groups: psi = 0deg and psi = plusmn90deg. The result shows that for the LFE device of psi = 0deg operating in water, the thickness shear mode (TSM) could be excited both by LFE and TFE (thickness field excitation). For psi = plusmn90deg, the TSM is launched only by TFE and the device is in fact a pseudo-LFE device. Similar investigation has also been done to AT-cut quartz. The result suggests that the reported LFE AT-cut acoustic wave sensors may well be possible a pseudo-LFE device or a combination of TFE and LFE.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133335709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623055
T. Muto, S. Watanabe, S. Wakamatsu, M. Koyama
The frequency stability of a crystal sensor in liquid is influenced by a decrease in Q value. Also, the frequency stability is influenced by the water pressure, liquid temperature, and etc. this paper shows a new method of realizing a highly precise crystal sensor by using two crystal sensors for the purpose of solving the above mentioned problem. In conclusion, it has been verified that a crystal resonator having two pairs of electrodes on one AT-cut crystal blank can be used for sensors in liquid for various applications.
{"title":"Examination for realization of a high precision crystal sensor","authors":"T. Muto, S. Watanabe, S. Wakamatsu, M. Koyama","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623055","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency stability of a crystal sensor in liquid is influenced by a decrease in Q value. Also, the frequency stability is influenced by the water pressure, liquid temperature, and etc. this paper shows a new method of realizing a highly precise crystal sensor by using two crystal sensors for the purpose of solving the above mentioned problem. In conclusion, it has been verified that a crystal resonator having two pairs of electrodes on one AT-cut crystal blank can be used for sensors in liquid for various applications.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129218998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623112
G. Ernst, J. Lundstedt, T. Harben, P. Mclaren, J. Ho, D. Bogomolov, C. Stone
Many modern telecommunication systems rely on a common signal source to serve as a phase and frequency reference signal for the network. This source is often employed to synthesize microwave transmit and receive signals locally for gateway signal processing purposes and to serve as a reference for the remotely located signal sources in the network. This scheme has the advantage of providing end-to-end network synchronization and reducing the cost of the remote terminals by requiring a high-performance phase and frequency source only at the gateway site.
{"title":"Reducing phase noise degradation due to mechanical vibration on high performance quartz resonator oscillators for gateway applications","authors":"G. Ernst, J. Lundstedt, T. Harben, P. Mclaren, J. Ho, D. Bogomolov, C. Stone","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623112","url":null,"abstract":"Many modern telecommunication systems rely on a common signal source to serve as a phase and frequency reference signal for the network. This source is often employed to synthesize microwave transmit and receive signals locally for gateway signal processing purposes and to serve as a reference for the remotely located signal sources in the network. This scheme has the advantage of providing end-to-end network synchronization and reducing the cost of the remote terminals by requiring a high-performance phase and frequency source only at the gateway site.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115551164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623103
S. Mohammadi, A. Eftekhar, W. Hunt, A. Adibi
Phononic crystals (PCs) are structures with periodic variations in their mechanical properties. PCs are especially of interest due to possibility of possessing frequency ranges in which propagation of elastic waves is completely prohibited; i.e., complete phononic band gaps (CPBGs). In this paper we first propose a PC slab structure created by a embedding a two dimensional array of void (air) inclusions in a solid slab with a finite thickness in the third dimension; using a plane wave expansion and a finite element code we show that wide CPBGs can be achieved by proper choice of geometrical parameters for the structure with void cylinders embedded in a thin silicon slab. Secondly, we report a CMOS-compatible fabrication procedure developed for fabrication and characterization of the proposed PC slabs operating at high frequencies (hundreds of megahertz to a few gigahertz). Using this fabrication procedure we fabricate and experimentally characterize the designed PC structures and show that strong attenuation (more than 30 dB) is observed in the transmission spectrum of elastic waves through eight layers of PC structure. The very good agreement between the frequency range of attenuation (119 MHz to 150 MHz) and the calculated CPBG provides an evidence of the validity and accuracy of our predictions of the existence of large CPBGs in the proposed structures. Using a PC structure with wide CPBG, a waveguide is fabricated by introducing a line defect in the PC structure. Characterization of the waveguide shows that high frequency (around 130 MHz) signals can be guided efficiently within the CPBG of the PC structure. These results show that the great capabilities of PCs can be utilized for realizing integrated micro/nano-mechanical devices with new and improved functionalities to be used in wireless communication and sensing applications.
{"title":"Demonstration of large complete phononic band gaps and waveguiding in high-frequency silicon phononic crystal slabs","authors":"S. Mohammadi, A. Eftekhar, W. Hunt, A. Adibi","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623103","url":null,"abstract":"Phononic crystals (PCs) are structures with periodic variations in their mechanical properties. PCs are especially of interest due to possibility of possessing frequency ranges in which propagation of elastic waves is completely prohibited; i.e., complete phononic band gaps (CPBGs). In this paper we first propose a PC slab structure created by a embedding a two dimensional array of void (air) inclusions in a solid slab with a finite thickness in the third dimension; using a plane wave expansion and a finite element code we show that wide CPBGs can be achieved by proper choice of geometrical parameters for the structure with void cylinders embedded in a thin silicon slab. Secondly, we report a CMOS-compatible fabrication procedure developed for fabrication and characterization of the proposed PC slabs operating at high frequencies (hundreds of megahertz to a few gigahertz). Using this fabrication procedure we fabricate and experimentally characterize the designed PC structures and show that strong attenuation (more than 30 dB) is observed in the transmission spectrum of elastic waves through eight layers of PC structure. The very good agreement between the frequency range of attenuation (119 MHz to 150 MHz) and the calculated CPBG provides an evidence of the validity and accuracy of our predictions of the existence of large CPBGs in the proposed structures. Using a PC structure with wide CPBG, a waveguide is fabricated by introducing a line defect in the PC structure. Characterization of the waveguide shows that high frequency (around 130 MHz) signals can be guided efficiently within the CPBG of the PC structure. These results show that the great capabilities of PCs can be utilized for realizing integrated micro/nano-mechanical devices with new and improved functionalities to be used in wireless communication and sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114811904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622950
E. P. Eernisse, D. Puccio, R. Lucklum, U. Hempel
Lateral field electroded (LFE) sensors have been recently introduced that can study the permittivity and conductivity (electrical properties) of liquids in contact with the surface opposite the electroded side. The unique feature of these sensors is that the response depends in part on changes in the electrical field distribution in the quartz blank due to the electrical properties in the liquid. This work uses finite element analysis (FEA) to model the past plano-plano devices and a new plano-convex design as the electrical boundary conditions on the side opposite the electrodes change from free of surface charge to constant potential, either grounded or floating. Results are presented for the mode shapes, frequencies, and motional capacitance (Cm) of several modes present in the blanks. The Cm of the different modes changes dramatically between these electrical boundary condition extremes. The plano-convex design has better-defined mode shapes at the expense of sensing dynamic range.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Lateral Field excited thickness shear sensors","authors":"E. P. Eernisse, D. Puccio, R. Lucklum, U. Hempel","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622950","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral field electroded (LFE) sensors have been recently introduced that can study the permittivity and conductivity (electrical properties) of liquids in contact with the surface opposite the electroded side. The unique feature of these sensors is that the response depends in part on changes in the electrical field distribution in the quartz blank due to the electrical properties in the liquid. This work uses finite element analysis (FEA) to model the past plano-plano devices and a new plano-convex design as the electrical boundary conditions on the side opposite the electrodes change from free of surface charge to constant potential, either grounded or floating. Results are presented for the mode shapes, frequencies, and motional capacitance (Cm) of several modes present in the blanks. The Cm of the different modes changes dramatically between these electrical boundary condition extremes. The plano-convex design has better-defined mode shapes at the expense of sensing dynamic range.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127420656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623075
L. Khine, M. Palaniapan, L. Shao, W. Wong
Characterization of Lame-mode square resonators with different straight-beam anchor lengths, structural layer thickness, and number of anchor support reveals that there is likely an optimal range of anchor designs that provide high quality factor (Q) above one million, along with low motional resistance. Shorter anchor length restricts resonator vibrations and motional resistance could be increased by 3.5 times compared to resonators with longer anchor length. Two-anchor support design is able to achieve higher Qpsilas but results in higher motional resistance compared to four-anchor support. When structural thickness is reduced from 25 mum to 10 mum, Q gets degraded but still maintained above one million.
{"title":"Characterization of SOI Lamé-mode square resonators","authors":"L. Khine, M. Palaniapan, L. Shao, W. Wong","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623075","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of Lame-mode square resonators with different straight-beam anchor lengths, structural layer thickness, and number of anchor support reveals that there is likely an optimal range of anchor designs that provide high quality factor (Q) above one million, along with low motional resistance. Shorter anchor length restricts resonator vibrations and motional resistance could be increased by 3.5 times compared to resonators with longer anchor length. Two-anchor support design is able to achieve higher Qpsilas but results in higher motional resistance compared to four-anchor support. When structural thickness is reduced from 25 mum to 10 mum, Q gets degraded but still maintained above one million.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125275246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623058
T. Watanabe, S. Yamauchi, T. Terasawa
An all-digital PLL that generates arbitrary output clock frequencies with only one reference clock frequency is presented. The method adopted in this study uses multiplying/dividing numbers with decimals. A ring-delay-line (RDL) consisting of 32 stages makes it possible for both the frequency detector and digitally-controlled oscillator to have a common time base, resulting in this unique clock generator. Evaluation experiments were conducted using a 0.18-mum CMOS test chip of 0.096 mm2. In the case of a reference clock frequency of 60 kHz and multiplying number of 16.666, we confirmed a 999.96 kHz output clock with 11.6 ppm frequency error and 540 ps jitter standard deviation.
提出了一种仅使用一个参考时钟频率就能产生任意输出时钟频率的全数字锁相环。本研究采用的方法是用小数乘/除数。由32级组成的环延迟线(RDL)使频率检测器和数字控制振荡器具有共同的时基成为可能，从而产生这种独特的时钟发生器。评价实验采用0.096 mm2的0.18 mm CMOS测试芯片进行。在参考时钟频率为60 kHz，乘法数为16.666的情况下，我们确定了999.96 kHz的输出时钟，频率误差为11.6 ppm，抖动标准偏差为540 ps。
{"title":"An all-digital PLL using frequency multiplying/dividing number with decimals in 0.18-μm digital CMOS","authors":"T. Watanabe, S. Yamauchi, T. Terasawa","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623058","url":null,"abstract":"An all-digital PLL that generates arbitrary output clock frequencies with only one reference clock frequency is presented. The method adopted in this study uses multiplying/dividing numbers with decimals. A ring-delay-line (RDL) consisting of 32 stages makes it possible for both the frequency detector and digitally-controlled oscillator to have a common time base, resulting in this unique clock generator. Evaluation experiments were conducted using a 0.18-mum CMOS test chip of 0.096 mm2. In the case of a reference clock frequency of 60 kHz and multiplying number of 16.666, we confirmed a 999.96 kHz output clock with 11.6 ppm frequency error and 540 ps jitter standard deviation.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125825649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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