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Recent advances in machine learning algorithms for sintering processes 烧结过程机器学习算法的最新进展
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.31139
S. Azizi
Machine learning (ML) is a fast-growing field that has vast applications in different areas and sintering has had no exemption from that. In this paper, the application of ML methods in sintering of the various materials has been reviewed. Based on our review, it was used to optimize the sintering process and improve the characteristics of the final product. For instance, a supervised learning algorithm was used to predict the temperature and time based on the raw material properties and the desired properties of the final product in sintering. Among all ML methods, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), regression analysis (RA), and artificial neural networks (ANN) had great applications in the sintering field. There are a limited number of papers that used deep learning in sintering. In conclusion, ML methods can be used to optimize sintering process in energy, cost and time.  
机器学习(ML)是一个快速发展的领域,在不同领域都有广泛的应用,烧结也不能幸免。本文综述了ML方法在各种材料烧结中的应用。在此基础上,对烧结工艺进行了优化,提高了最终产品的性能。例如,根据烧结过程中原材料的性能和最终产品的期望性能,使用监督学习算法来预测温度和时间。在所有ML方法中,k-最近邻(k-NN)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)、回归分析(RA)和人工神经网络(ANN)在烧结领域有很大的应用。在烧结中使用深度学习的论文数量有限。综上所述,ML方法可以在能量、成本和时间上优化烧结工艺。
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引用次数: 0
Crystallization behavior and ionic conductivity of NASICON type glass-ceramics containing different amounts of B2O3 含不同B2O3量的NASICON型微晶玻璃的结晶行为和离子电导率
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.31141
Banafsheh Zarabian, B. Eftekhari Yekta, S. Banijamali
In this research, glass-ceramics belonging to the system of Li2O-TiO2-P2O5 were prepared by the addition of different amounts of B2O3. The glass formation ability of the starting glass materials along with the crystallization trend as well as ionic conductivity of the corresponding glass-ceramics were also examined. Starting glasses were obtained through the melt quenching technique and glass-ceramics specimens were prepared through one-step heat treatment. The glass-ceramic samples were then examined through X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. According to the obtained results, the addition of a 2.5 mole% of B2O3 to the glass composition led to a sharp increase in ionic conductivity at room temperature. So that the bulk conductivity of the specimen heat treated at 950 °C for 2 h was measured to be 1.17 × 10-3 Scm-1, which was 10 times bigger than that of the base glass-ceramic with no additive. It also decreased the crystallization temperature and viscosity of the parent glass, resulting in increased crystallinity while further addition of B2O3 drained the conductivity and crystallinity of glass-ceramics.
在本研究中,通过添加不同量的B2O3制备了Li2O-TiO2-P2O5体系的微晶玻璃。考察了初始玻璃材料的成玻璃能力、晶化趋势以及相应微晶玻璃的离子电导率。采用熔体淬火技术制备了初始玻璃,采用一步热处理工艺制备了微晶玻璃试样。然后通过x射线衍射、差热分析、电化学阻抗谱和扫描电子显微镜对玻璃陶瓷样品进行检测。根据得到的结果,在玻璃成分中加入2.5摩尔%的B2O3会导致室温下离子电导率的急剧增加。经950℃热处理2 h后,测得样品的体电导率为1.17 × 10-3 cm-1,是未添加添加剂的玻璃陶瓷基体的10倍。B2O3的加入降低了玻璃的结晶温度和结晶粘度,使玻璃的结晶度增加,而B2O3的进一步加入使玻璃的电导率和结晶度下降。
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引用次数: 1
Synthesis and sintering of SrTiO3–ZnO ceramics: Role of ZnO content on microstructure and dielectric properties SrTiO3-ZnO陶瓷的合成与烧结:ZnO含量对微观结构和介电性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.31138
M. Kashif, Maki Habib, M. A. Rafiq, Moaz Waqar, M. A. Hussain, Ayesha Iqbal, Mehboobhusain Abbasi, Shaukat Saeed
The classical system of combining modern perovskite and wurtzite structure semiconductor materials is used to model the internal structure for the applications of functional novel electronic devices. The structure-property relation has a significant impact on the properties of metal oxides-based functional ceramics. The structural and electrical properties of SrTiO3-xZnO (0 ≤x≤ 10 wt%) ceramics produced via solid-state reaction (SSR) were thoroughly examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a mono-phase cubic structure with Pm3̅m space group and resulted in increased density respectively. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) was carried out from 300 to 500 °C temperature within the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz to study the contribution of grain bulk and grain boundary for impedance behavior. Grain boundaries dominated the overall resistance of the samples and the addition of ZnO in SrTiO3 caused an increase in the overall conductivity. Increasing temperature decreases the resistance of both components, and at higher frequencies that confirms the negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) behavior of the samples. Increasing temperature decreases the relaxation of grain bulk and grain boundary thus predicting the hopping conduction mechanism. The results will be helpful to engineer the microstructure of SrTiO3 based on practical applications such as sensors, actuators, and energy devices.
将现代钙钛矿和纤锌矿结构半导体材料结合的经典体系用于模拟功能新型电子器件的内部结构。结构-性能关系对金属氧化物基功能陶瓷的性能有重要影响。研究了固态反应法制备的SrTiO3-xZnO(0≤x≤10 wt%)陶瓷的结构和电学性能。x射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(sem)分别证实了Pm3′m空间群的单相立方结构的存在,并导致其密度增大。在300 ~ 500℃的温度范围内,在100 Hz ~ 1 MHz的频率范围内进行复阻抗谱(CIS),研究晶粒体积和晶界对阻抗行为的贡献。晶粒边界决定了样品的总电阻,ZnO的加入使SrTiO3的总电导率提高。温度升高会降低两种元件的电阻,在较高的频率下,证实了样品的负温度系数电阻(NTCR)行为。升高的温度降低了晶粒体积和晶界的弛豫,从而预测了跳变传导机制。研究结果将有助于SrTiO3在传感器、致动器和能源器件等实际应用中的微观结构设计。
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引用次数: 0
Crystallization behavior and structural evaluation of cordierite base glass-ceramic in the presence of CaO and B2O3 additives CaO和B2O3添加剂存在下堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的结晶行为及结构评价
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.24136
Zahra Shamohammadi Ghahsareh, M. Rezvani
The purpose of the present work is to highlight the role of CaO and B2O3 additives on the crystallization behavior and microstructural properties of stoichiometric cordierite glass-ceramics using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Vickers micro-hardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the presence of B2O3 and CaO in the initial glass led to the precipitation of only one exothermic peak (α-cordierite: Mg2Al4Si5O18). During the heat treatment process, the presence of calcium oxide favors crystallization of anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) besides α-cordierite phase. It is worth mentioning that, CaO and B2O3 additives strongly encourage the formation of α-cordierite and have the opposite effect on the crystallization of μ-cordierite. In order to determine the effect of crystallization and B2O3 and CaO additives on the hardness of specimens, the micro-hardness measurement of glasses and glass-ceramics shows that the glass-ceramic containing CaO (MAS5C) exhibits the highest micro-hardness value, which depends on the high crystallinity value in this specimen.
利用差热分析(DTA)、x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、维氏显微硬度和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了CaO和B2O3添加剂对化学计量堇青石微晶玻璃结晶行为和微观结构性能的影响。结果表明:初始玻璃中B2O3和CaO的存在只导致析出一个放热峰(α-cordierite: Mg2Al4Si5O18);在热处理过程中,除了α-堇青石相外,氧化钙的存在有利于钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)的结晶。值得一提的是,CaO和B2O3添加剂对α-堇青石的形成有强烈的促进作用,对μ-堇青石的结晶有相反的作用。为了确定结晶以及B2O3和CaO添加剂对试样硬度的影响,对玻璃和微晶玻璃的显微硬度测量表明,含CaO (MAS5C)的微晶玻璃的显微硬度值最高,这取决于该试样的高结晶度。
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引用次数: 1
Oxidation response of ZrB2–SiC–ZrC composites prepared by spark plasma sintering 火花等离子烧结制备ZrB2-SiC-ZrC复合材料的氧化响应
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.24134
Mohsen Ghasilzadeh Jarvand, Z. Balak
Considering the importance and application of ultrahigh temperature ceramics in oxidizing environments, in this research, the effect of ZrC content and spark plasma sintering parameters (temperature, time and pressure) on the oxidation response of ZrB2–SiC composites has been investigated. After fabricating the ternary composite samples in different SPS conditions and with different amounts of ZrC, the post-sintering oxidation process was carried out in a box furnace at the temperature of 1400 °C. Increasing the time and temperature of the SPS process caused the decrease in the oxidation resistance of the samples. The reason for such observations was attributed to the extreme growth of grains with increasing the temperature and time of the sintering process despite the better densification of the samples. This research did not reach a clear result about the effect of SPS pressure on composites oxidation behavior. Increasing the amount of ZrC also did not have a positive effect on the oxidation resistance of the samples because this phase itself undergoes oxidation at low temperatures.
考虑到超高温陶瓷在氧化环境中的重要性和应用,本研究研究了ZrC含量和火花等离子烧结参数(温度、时间和压力)对ZrB2-SiC复合材料氧化响应的影响。在不同SPS条件和不同ZrC用量下制备三元复合材料样品后,在1400℃的箱式炉中进行烧结后氧化处理。延长SPS过程的时间和温度会导致样品的抗氧化性降低。造成这种现象的原因是,尽管样品致密性较好,但随着烧结过程温度和时间的增加,晶粒会急剧长大。对于SPS压力对复合材料氧化行为的影响,本研究尚未得到明确的结果。增加ZrC的量对样品的抗氧化性也没有积极的影响,因为该相本身在低温下会发生氧化。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in synthesis of ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites 超高温陶瓷基复合材料的合成研究进展
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.2475
Farrokhfar Valizadeh Harzand, Sahar Anzani, A. Babapoor
A ceramic material designed for ultra-high temperatures (UHTCs) generally comprised of nitrides, carbides, and borides derived from transition metal elements, with a particular focuson compounds belonging to TaC and Group IVB (Hf and Zr). Hypersonic vehicle nozzles andengine components can take advantage of the unique characteristics of these materials. A broadrange of coatings and composites based on UHTC is currently being developed to conquer theinherent fragility, weak thermal shock resistance, and brittleness of bulk ceramics. Ultra-hightemperature materials with high entropy have gained considerable attention in recent years. Areview of the current state of the art of UHTC composites and coatings will be provided in thisreport. Properties and processing approaches to achieve the microstructure will be discussedfurther.
一种设计用于超高温(UHTCs)的陶瓷材料,通常由过渡金属元素衍生的氮化物、碳化物和硼化物组成,特别关注属于TaC和IVB族(Hf和Zr)的化合物。高超声速飞行器的喷管和发动机部件可以利用这些材料的独特特性。目前正在开发一系列基于UHTC的涂层和复合材料,以克服大块陶瓷固有的易碎性、抗热震性弱和脆性。近年来,具有高熵的超高温材料受到了广泛的关注。本报告将对UHTC复合材料和涂层的现状进行综述。本文将进一步讨论其性能和实现微观结构的加工方法。
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引用次数: 0
Non-catalytic applications of g-C3N4: A brief review g-C3N4的非催化应用综述
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.24126
Milad Sakkaki, S. M. Arab
The g-C3N4 which is well known as a polymeric non-metal semiconductor, has been fabricated by thermal polymerization. It has also been used in catalytic applications including, photo-catalysis, removal and degradation of pollutants in water, Friedel-Crafts reactions, oxygen reduction reaction and etc. It has drawn noticeable research attention due to its economical and affordable fabrication, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, good thermal and electrical conductivity, high hardness, Corrosion resistance, and fireproofing properties. Therefore, the g-C3N4 has found non-catalytic applications including composites, cutting tools, improving surface properties, light emitting devices, optical sensors, and solar cells. In the current review, the novel and non-catalytic applications of g-C3N4 have been highlighted.
g-C3N4是一种众所周知的高分子非金属半导体,采用热聚合法制备了g-C3N4。它还用于光催化、水中污染物的去除和降解、Friedel-Crafts反应、氧还原反应等催化应用。由于其经济实惠的制造、无毒、生物相容性、良好的导热性和导电性、高硬度、耐腐蚀性和防火性能,引起了人们的广泛关注。因此,g-C3N4已经发现了非催化应用,包括复合材料,切削工具,改善表面性能,发光器件,光学传感器和太阳能电池。本文重点介绍了g-C3N4的非催化性应用。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesizability improvement of B4C ceramics by optimizing the process temperature and atmosphere 通过优化工艺温度和气氛提高B4C陶瓷的合成性能
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.24131
Seyed Faridaddin Feiz, L. Nikzad, H. Majidian, E. Salahi
In this research, the effects of synthesis temperature, holding time, and furnace atmosphere on the synthesizability of B4C ceramics using glucose and boric acid as the starting materials were scrutinized. Three temperatures of 1300, 1400, and 1500 °C were selected as synthesis temperatures. The synthesis process was carried out in a tubular furnace for 4 h in Ar atmosphere. To scrutinize the interactive effect of synthesis temperature and holding time, three samples were synthesized at 1500, 1400, and 1300 °C for 4, 8, and 12 h, respectively. Moreover, two types of controlled atmospheres, traditional Ar and an innovative CO/CO2 setup, were considered to optimize the synthesis process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were employed to determine the optimum synthesis temperature and atmosphere based on the detection of B4C peaks as the desired product and undesirable hydrocarbon and carbon byproducts. The results showed that B4C synthesized at 1500 °C for 4 h in Ar atmosphere contained the least byproduct impurities, so this temperature was chosen as the optimal choice. However, the sample fabricated at 1400 °C for 8 h is a good choice in cases where lower manufacturing temperatures are desired. The efficiency of the innovative setup was similar to the traditional one; therefore, considering the economic aspects, the CO/CO2 atmosphere was chosen as an acceptable option for B4C synthesis.
研究了以葡萄糖和硼酸为原料,合成温度、保温时间和炉内气氛对B4C陶瓷合成性能的影响。合成温度分别为1300℃、1400℃和1500℃。在管式炉中,在氩气中进行了4h的合成。为了考察合成温度和保温时间的相互作用,我们分别在1500、1400和1300℃下合成了3个样品,分别合成了4、8和12小时。此外,考虑了两种类型的控制气氛,传统的Ar和创新的CO/CO2设置,以优化合成过程。利用x射线衍射(XRD)分析了B4C峰作为期望产物和不期望的碳氢副产物,确定了最佳合成温度和气氛。结果表明,在Ar气氛中1500℃反应4 h合成的B4C副产物杂质最少,因此选择该温度为最佳选择。然而,在需要较低制造温度的情况下,在1400°C下制造8小时的样品是一个很好的选择。创新机构的效率与传统机构相似;因此,从经济角度考虑,选择CO/CO2气氛作为B4C合成的可接受选择。
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引用次数: 2
Synthesis and characterization of aluminum-yttrium perovskite powder using a co-precipitation technique 共沉淀法合成铝钇钙钛矿粉体及其表征
Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.24135
S. Ahmadi
In this research the solid solution YAlO3 perovskite powder (YAP) was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation route. Co-precipitation synthesis is simple and inexpensive method which capable to produced more homogeneous powders. In the first step, effect of various mineralizers on YAlO3 formation has been investigated, which resulted in decrease of the formation temperature down to 1200 °C. In the next step, effect of the pH in synthesis procedure and also calcination time and temperature has been studied. Later, the optimum condition for synthesis of single-phase YAP was determined. The obtained powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as ICP analysis. Results show that the most appropriate mineralizer system for the formation of YAlO3 perovskite was NaF:MgF2:Li2CO3 (3:2:1 by weight). Additionally, orthorhombic YAP powders were successfully synthesized in pH=9. Calcination at 1200°C for 4 h was the best condition for preparation single phase Aluminum-Yttrium perovskite crystals.
本研究成功地采用共沉淀法合成了固溶体YAlO3钙钛矿粉(YAP)。共沉淀法是一种简单、廉价的合成方法,可制备出较均匀的粉末。第一步,研究了不同矿化剂对YAlO3形成的影响,使形成温度降至1200℃。下一步,研究了pH值、煅烧时间和温度对合成过程的影响。然后确定了合成单相YAP的最佳条件。用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和ICP分析对所得粉体进行了表征。结果表明,最适宜生成YAlO3钙钛矿的矿化剂体系为NaF:MgF2:Li2CO3(重量比3:2:1)。在pH=9的条件下成功合成了正交YAP粉体。在1200℃下煅烧4 h是制备单相铝钇钙钛矿晶体的最佳条件。
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引用次数: 1
New strategies in the preparation of binary g-C3N4/MXene composites for visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications 制备用于可见光驱动光催化的二元g-C3N4/MXene复合材料的新策略
Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2022.24121
Asieh Akhoondi, M. Mirzaei, M. Nassar, Z. Sabaghian, Farshid Hatami, M. Yusuf
In recent years, g-C3N4@MXene photocatalysts have received much attention due to their special composition and excellent properties. MXenes consisting of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides derived from the MAX phase are used as cocatalysts or g-C3N4 (GCN) supporting composites in a variety of photocatalytic processes that accelerate the separation of charge carriers with their heterojunction structure. In addition to the high ability of g-C3N4@MXene nanocomposite to absorb light, it has high photocorrosion resistance in the processes of hydrogen evolution, wastewater treatment, nitrogen fixation, NO treatment, and oxidation and reduction photoreactions. In this review, the latest developments and new technologies for the manufacture and application of noble metal-free g-C3N4@MXene nanocomposite have been discussed and the future perspective has been drawn to deal with challenges related to energy and the environment.
近年来,g-C3N4@MXene光催化剂因其特殊的组成和优异的性能而备受关注。由过渡金属碳化物、氮化物和源自MAX相的碳氮化物组成的MXenes在各种光催化过程中用作助催化剂或g-C3N4 (GCN)负载复合材料,以加速其异质结结构的载流子分离。g-C3N4@MXene纳米复合材料除了具有较高的光吸收能力外,在析氢、废水处理、固氮、NO处理、氧化还原光反应等过程中具有较高的抗光腐蚀性能。本文综述了无贵金属g-C3N4@MXene纳米复合材料的制备和应用的最新进展和新技术,并展望了其未来的发展方向,以应对能源和环境方面的挑战。
{"title":"New strategies in the preparation of binary g-C3N4/MXene composites for visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications","authors":"Asieh Akhoondi, M. Mirzaei, M. Nassar, Z. Sabaghian, Farshid Hatami, M. Yusuf","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2022.24121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2022.24121","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, g-C3N4@MXene photocatalysts have received much attention due to their special composition and excellent properties. MXenes consisting of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides derived from the MAX phase are used as cocatalysts or g-C3N4 (GCN) supporting composites in a variety of photocatalytic processes that accelerate the separation of charge carriers with their heterojunction structure. In addition to the high ability of g-C3N4@MXene nanocomposite to absorb light, it has high photocorrosion resistance in the processes of hydrogen evolution, wastewater treatment, nitrogen fixation, NO treatment, and oxidation and reduction photoreactions. In this review, the latest developments and new technologies for the manufacture and application of noble metal-free g-C3N4@MXene nanocomposite have been discussed and the future perspective has been drawn to deal with challenges related to energy and the environment.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75080250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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Synthesis and Sintering
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