Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.34177
Samaneh Mamnooni, Ehsan Borhani, Hassan Heydari
In this research, an attempt was made to produce multi-component nanocrystalline Cu35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 alloy by mechanical alloying. To produce this high-entropy alloy, the primary powders were milled for 40 h and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and DSC analyses. The milling process has reduced the size of the crystallites to the nanometer scale and a nanostructured multicomponent powder with a crystallite size of 29 nm was obtained. According to the XRD patterns and EDS maps of the milled powder for the longest time, aluminum and copper were homogeneously distributed, cobalt had a less homogeneous distribution than these two elements, but nickel and titanium remained in concentrated spots. Finally, thermodynamic calculations were done to clarify the reason for the impossibility of forming a solid solution for the synthesis of the Cu35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 high-entropy alloy.
{"title":"Is synthesizing a Cu35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 high-entropy alloy beyond the rules of solid-solution formation?","authors":"Samaneh Mamnooni, Ehsan Borhani, Hassan Heydari","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.34177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.34177","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, an attempt was made to produce multi-component nanocrystalline Cu35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 alloy by mechanical alloying. To produce this high-entropy alloy, the primary powders were milled for 40 h and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and DSC analyses. The milling process has reduced the size of the crystallites to the nanometer scale and a nanostructured multicomponent powder with a crystallite size of 29 nm was obtained. According to the XRD patterns and EDS maps of the milled powder for the longest time, aluminum and copper were homogeneously distributed, cobalt had a less homogeneous distribution than these two elements, but nickel and titanium remained in concentrated spots. Finally, thermodynamic calculations were done to clarify the reason for the impossibility of forming a solid solution for the synthesis of the Cu35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 high-entropy alloy.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.34179
Saeed Mohammad Bagheri, Mohsen Naderi, M. Vajdi, Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou, Ali Tarlani Beris
The present study offers a comprehensive thermal modeling of spark plasma sintering (SPS) for a titanium carbide (TiC) sample. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics Software, the research investigates the temperature distribution within the TiC sample, situated within a graphite die. The study employs governing equations for heat diffusion, augmented by terms accounting for Joule heating, to calculate temperature variations. Boundary conditions, particularly at the upper and lower limits of the system, are explicitly accounted for, with cooling mechanisms modeled as convection. Through the application of the Taguchi method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the study identifies the diameter of the sintering sample as the most significant parameter affecting the maximum temperature at the center of the TiC sample, with a significance of about 87%. The outer diameter of the graphite die followed with a significance of slightly more than 10%, and the thickness of the TiC sample had a significance of around 2%. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the SPS process, offering valuable insights for optimizing the sintering parameters. Numerical results further underscore the importance of specific geometric parameters in the SPS process. This study serves as a robust foundation for future research aimed at refining the SPS process for TiC samples and other materials.
{"title":"Numerical optimization of sample and die geometric parameters to increase the attainable temperature during spark plasma sintering of TiC ceramics","authors":"Saeed Mohammad Bagheri, Mohsen Naderi, M. Vajdi, Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou, Ali Tarlani Beris","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.34179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.34179","url":null,"abstract":"The present study offers a comprehensive thermal modeling of spark plasma sintering (SPS) for a titanium carbide (TiC) sample. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics Software, the research investigates the temperature distribution within the TiC sample, situated within a graphite die. The study employs governing equations for heat diffusion, augmented by terms accounting for Joule heating, to calculate temperature variations. Boundary conditions, particularly at the upper and lower limits of the system, are explicitly accounted for, with cooling mechanisms modeled as convection. Through the application of the Taguchi method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the study identifies the diameter of the sintering sample as the most significant parameter affecting the maximum temperature at the center of the TiC sample, with a significance of about 87%. The outer diameter of the graphite die followed with a significance of slightly more than 10%, and the thickness of the TiC sample had a significance of around 2%. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the SPS process, offering valuable insights for optimizing the sintering parameters. Numerical results further underscore the importance of specific geometric parameters in the SPS process. This study serves as a robust foundation for future research aimed at refining the SPS process for TiC samples and other materials.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.33163
Asieh Akhoondi, Mostafa Y. Nassar, Brian Yuliarto, Hicham Meskher
Various energy storage sources have been developed so far, among which supercapacitors are more important for the forthcoming generations due to their small size and portability. Supercapacitors as good alternatives to batteries have recently attracted more attention because they have higher power and excellent charging-discharging rate which is considered as a challenging issue that limits the use of batteries. Supercapacitors also have other advantages over batteries, including higher reversibility and cycle life, lower maintenance costs, and safer electrode materials. MXenes have emerged as a new class of 2D composites in electrode materials for supercapacitors as low-cost and environment-friendly carbides and nitrides. MXenes are suitable inorganic compounds with excellent electrochemical properties and mechanical integrity to improve supercapacitor energy density at a new interval. This review presents new synthesis strategies to prevent the self-accumulation of MXene layers. First, the fundamental working theories of different supercapacitors are outlined. Next, an overview of the electrode material based on MXenes is outlined, and the latest solutions for increasing the active sites and improving the ion transfer rate have been collected. Hybridization and doping of MXenes change the properties of the composite, leading to a transformation in the structure and an increase in the capacitance. Furthermore, the utilization of double-transition metal MXenes solves challenges such as structural destruction and short life spans in multiple charge-discharge cycles. Then evaluation of the new MXene-based electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitors has been summarized. Finally, an overview of the latest developments in the creation of all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors as well as our predictions for future lines of inquiry is provided.
{"title":"Recent advances in synthesis of MXene-based electrodes for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors","authors":"Asieh Akhoondi, Mostafa Y. Nassar, Brian Yuliarto, Hicham Meskher","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33163","url":null,"abstract":"Various energy storage sources have been developed so far, among which supercapacitors are more important for the forthcoming generations due to their small size and portability. Supercapacitors as good alternatives to batteries have recently attracted more attention because they have higher power and excellent charging-discharging rate which is considered as a challenging issue that limits the use of batteries. Supercapacitors also have other advantages over batteries, including higher reversibility and cycle life, lower maintenance costs, and safer electrode materials. MXenes have emerged as a new class of 2D composites in electrode materials for supercapacitors as low-cost and environment-friendly carbides and nitrides. MXenes are suitable inorganic compounds with excellent electrochemical properties and mechanical integrity to improve supercapacitor energy density at a new interval. This review presents new synthesis strategies to prevent the self-accumulation of MXene layers. First, the fundamental working theories of different supercapacitors are outlined. Next, an overview of the electrode material based on MXenes is outlined, and the latest solutions for increasing the active sites and improving the ion transfer rate have been collected. Hybridization and doping of MXenes change the properties of the composite, leading to a transformation in the structure and an increase in the capacitance. Furthermore, the utilization of double-transition metal MXenes solves challenges such as structural destruction and short life spans in multiple charge-discharge cycles. Then evaluation of the new MXene-based electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitors has been summarized. Finally, an overview of the latest developments in the creation of all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors as well as our predictions for future lines of inquiry is provided.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the impact of different B4C synthesis methods on the amount of residual carbon and the final morphology of the prepared ceramic particles was investigated. The main materials for the synthesis of B4C were glucose and boric acid, and the effects of adding tartaric acid and performing mechanical activation were studied. For this purpose, two methods of carbon dissolution and boron carbide oxidation were used to determine the amount of residual carbon in the ceramic products. The results of the investigations on the sample synthesized in optimal conditions showed that if additives and mechanical activation are not used, about 7 wt% of carbon will remain in the synthesized powder. The amount of carbon decreased to 5.7 wt% with mechanical activation, but the best result was obtained with the addition of tartaric acid, in which the amount of impurity dropped to 3.3 wt%. Finally, the size and morphology of B4C particles and carbon impurities were observed and compared using a scanning electron microscope.
{"title":"Comparison of residual carbon content and morphology of B4C powders synthesized under different conditions","authors":"Seyed Faridaddin Feiz, Leila Nikzad, Hudsa Majidian, Esmaeil Salahi","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33171","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the impact of different B4C synthesis methods on the amount of residual carbon and the final morphology of the prepared ceramic particles was investigated. The main materials for the synthesis of B4C were glucose and boric acid, and the effects of adding tartaric acid and performing mechanical activation were studied. For this purpose, two methods of carbon dissolution and boron carbide oxidation were used to determine the amount of residual carbon in the ceramic products. The results of the investigations on the sample synthesized in optimal conditions showed that if additives and mechanical activation are not used, about 7 wt% of carbon will remain in the synthesized powder. The amount of carbon decreased to 5.7 wt% with mechanical activation, but the best result was obtained with the addition of tartaric acid, in which the amount of impurity dropped to 3.3 wt%. Finally, the size and morphology of B4C particles and carbon impurities were observed and compared using a scanning electron microscope.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135722694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.33166
Nasim Botshekanan, Hudsa Majidian, Mohammad Farvizi
TiN and TiCN coatings have garnered widespread attentions in the field of materials science and engineering because of their exceptional characteristics, including high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, remarkable chemical stability, superior corrosion and wear resistance, and notable biocompatibility. These properties make them highly suitable for coating various alloys, and as a result, they have been successfully applied in numerous applications. The aim of this research study is to delve into the corrosion behavior of spark plasma sintered NiTi substrates that were coated with TiN and TiCN employing physical vapor deposition (cathodic arc technology). In order to comprehensively analyze the corrosion response, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were employed. To gain deeper insights into the impact of the coating, a meticulous comparison was conducted between the corrosion resistance of the uncoated specimen and that of the coated ones. The results showcased a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance for both coated samples when compared to the uncoated NiTi substrate. However, it was found that the TiN-coated specimen showed even higher corrosion resistance than the TiCN-coated counterpart. These findings highlight the superiority of TiN coatings in terms of corrosion resistance when applied on the NiTi substrate.
{"title":"Corrosion behavior of TiN and TiCN coatings synthesized by PVD on the spark plasma sintered NiTi substrate","authors":"Nasim Botshekanan, Hudsa Majidian, Mohammad Farvizi","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33166","url":null,"abstract":"TiN and TiCN coatings have garnered widespread attentions in the field of materials science and engineering because of their exceptional characteristics, including high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, remarkable chemical stability, superior corrosion and wear resistance, and notable biocompatibility. These properties make them highly suitable for coating various alloys, and as a result, they have been successfully applied in numerous applications. The aim of this research study is to delve into the corrosion behavior of spark plasma sintered NiTi substrates that were coated with TiN and TiCN employing physical vapor deposition (cathodic arc technology). In order to comprehensively analyze the corrosion response, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were employed. To gain deeper insights into the impact of the coating, a meticulous comparison was conducted between the corrosion resistance of the uncoated specimen and that of the coated ones. The results showcased a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance for both coated samples when compared to the uncoated NiTi substrate. However, it was found that the TiN-coated specimen showed even higher corrosion resistance than the TiCN-coated counterpart. These findings highlight the superiority of TiN coatings in terms of corrosion resistance when applied on the NiTi substrate.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135721981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.33173
Mehran Jaberi Zamharir, Mohammad Zakeri, Zahra Jahangiri, Ahad Mohammadzadeh
The intention of this paper is to investigate the resistance to ablation of shielding composite coatings built with ultra-high temperature ceramic materials on graphite substrate. To apply the coating on the graphite, the spark plasma sintering route was employed. The applied monolayer coatings had the base compositions of ZrB2–SiC–Si with the additives of WC and MoSi2, both in the same contents of 1.25 and 3.75 vol%. The outcomes achieved from the ablation tests by oxyacetylene flame showed that applying the protective composite coatings notably enhances the resistance to ablation of the substrate made of graphite. The coating containing more of WC and MoSi2 additives had better performance in terms of ablation resistance in 30-210 seconds. The formation of an oxide layer of (Zr,Si)O2 at the beginning of the ablation process and creating a layer with a porous microstructure on the composite coating surface functioned as a barrier against the destruction and erosion of the inner parts during longer ablation times.
{"title":"Ablation behavior of ZrB2–SiC–Si composites with WC and MoSi2 additives coated through SPS on graphite","authors":"Mehran Jaberi Zamharir, Mohammad Zakeri, Zahra Jahangiri, Ahad Mohammadzadeh","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33173","url":null,"abstract":"The intention of this paper is to investigate the resistance to ablation of shielding composite coatings built with ultra-high temperature ceramic materials on graphite substrate. To apply the coating on the graphite, the spark plasma sintering route was employed. The applied monolayer coatings had the base compositions of ZrB2–SiC–Si with the additives of WC and MoSi2, both in the same contents of 1.25 and 3.75 vol%. The outcomes achieved from the ablation tests by oxyacetylene flame showed that applying the protective composite coatings notably enhances the resistance to ablation of the substrate made of graphite. The coating containing more of WC and MoSi2 additives had better performance in terms of ablation resistance in 30-210 seconds. The formation of an oxide layer of (Zr,Si)O2 at the beginning of the ablation process and creating a layer with a porous microstructure on the composite coating surface functioned as a barrier against the destruction and erosion of the inner parts during longer ablation times.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.33174
Ahad Saeidi, S. Banijamali, M. Heydari
In the current work, modified 45S5 glasses containing different amounts of copper oxide (1, 3, and 5 weight ratios) were prepared using melting procedure and characterized for their physical properties after sintering at various temperatures. Characterization of the copper doped glasses was performed using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. To this purpose, a systematic study was conducted on densification-crystallization of the copper doped glasses and optimizing sintering temperature. Differential thermal analysis revealed weak exothermic peaks located above 800 °C, corresponding to the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the studied glasses. This analysis suggests that copper oxide has a limited effect on the thermal properties of the modified 45S5 glasses. Densification behavior of glass specimens was studied at temperatures ranging from 600 to 850 °C. The optimal densification temperature was found to be 650 °C, respectively. The results indicated that the presence of copper ions in the structure of studied glasses results in the formation of porous structures after sintering. It seems that copper ions generate oxygen gas during sintering and promote the formation of a cellular foam structures.
在当前的研究工作中，采用熔融程序制备了含有不同数量氧化铜（1、3 和 5 重量比）的改性 45S5 玻璃，并在不同温度下烧结后对其物理性质进行了表征。掺铜玻璃的表征采用了多种分析技术，包括 X 射线衍射仪、差热分析和扫描电子显微镜。为此，对掺铜玻璃的致密化-结晶和烧结温度的优化进行了系统研究。差热分析显示，所研究玻璃的结晶温度（Tc）在 800 ℃ 以上有微弱的放热峰。这一分析表明，氧化铜对改性 45S5 玻璃的热性能影响有限。在 600 至 850 °C 的温度范围内对玻璃试样的致密化行为进行了研究。发现最佳致密化温度分别为 650 ℃。结果表明，铜离子存在于所研究的玻璃结构中，导致烧结后形成多孔结构。看来铜离子在烧结过程中产生了氧气，促进了蜂窝状泡沫结构的形成。
{"title":"Densification-crystallization behavior of biodegradable copper-doped modified 45S5 glasses","authors":"Ahad Saeidi, S. Banijamali, M. Heydari","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33174","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work, modified 45S5 glasses containing different amounts of copper oxide (1, 3, and 5 weight ratios) were prepared using melting procedure and characterized for their physical properties after sintering at various temperatures. Characterization of the copper doped glasses was performed using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. To this purpose, a systematic study was conducted on densification-crystallization of the copper doped glasses and optimizing sintering temperature. Differential thermal analysis revealed weak exothermic peaks located above 800 °C, corresponding to the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the studied glasses. This analysis suggests that copper oxide has a limited effect on the thermal properties of the modified 45S5 glasses. Densification behavior of glass specimens was studied at temperatures ranging from 600 to 850 °C. The optimal densification temperature was found to be 650 °C, respectively. The results indicated that the presence of copper ions in the structure of studied glasses results in the formation of porous structures after sintering. It seems that copper ions generate oxygen gas during sintering and promote the formation of a cellular foam structures.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.33169
Mohsen Naderi, Mohammad Vajdi, Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou, Hossein Nami
The rapid advancements in microsystems technology have necessitated the exploration of innovative materials for efficient thermal management in micro heat exchangers. This research delves into the performance evaluation of three ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs): ZrB2, BeO, and Si3N4 as alternative micro heat exchanger fabrication materials. The study systematically assessed the ceramics' interaction with Al2O3-nanofluids across diverse volume percentages and mass flow rates using the Taguchi optimization method. Beryllium oxide (BeO) emerged as the superior material, registering warm outlet temperatures as low as 64.86°C and cold outlet peaks at 31.68°C. Sensitivity analyses further underscored the critical role of inlet temperature on outlet dynamics, with warm and cold outlets showing significances of ~72% and ~99%, respectively. Additionally, the research pinpointed 0.75 vol% as the optimal Al2O3-nanofluid concentration, yielding the most favorable performance metrics across the ceramics.
{"title":"Numerical assessment of ceramic micro heat exchangers working with nanofluids by Taguchi optimization approach","authors":"Mohsen Naderi, Mohammad Vajdi, Farhad Sadegh Moghanlou, Hossein Nami","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33169","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancements in microsystems technology have necessitated the exploration of innovative materials for efficient thermal management in micro heat exchangers. This research delves into the performance evaluation of three ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs): ZrB2, BeO, and Si3N4 as alternative micro heat exchanger fabrication materials. The study systematically assessed the ceramics' interaction with Al2O3-nanofluids across diverse volume percentages and mass flow rates using the Taguchi optimization method. Beryllium oxide (BeO) emerged as the superior material, registering warm outlet temperatures as low as 64.86°C and cold outlet peaks at 31.68°C. Sensitivity analyses further underscored the critical role of inlet temperature on outlet dynamics, with warm and cold outlets showing significances of ~72% and ~99%, respectively. Additionally, the research pinpointed 0.75 vol% as the optimal Al2O3-nanofluid concentration, yielding the most favorable performance metrics across the ceramics.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.33129
Samira Savani, M. Alipour, Ankur Sharma, D. Benny Karunakar
Recently, microwave sintering has absorbed remarkable attention on the basis of enhanced microstructural/mechanical characteristics in comparison with conventional sintering techniques based on powder technology. This method not only can be employed for the processing of metals, alloys, and metal matrix composites but also for the manufacturing of advanced ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) as an interesting member of ultrahigh temperature ceramics is one of the most undertaking candidates in modern structural ceramics applications. This paper reviews the processing-densification-mechanical properties correlations in microwave-sintered ZrB2-based ceramics and composites. The text concentrates on the microwave-assisted production of ZrB2 divided into two categories: synthesis of ZrB2 powders by microwave sintering and sintering of ZrB2-based ceramics and composites by microwave sintering. The effects of some additives and reinforcements, such as B4C, SiC, TiC, and MgO, on zirconium diboride's densification and mechanical properties are summarized.
{"title":"Microwave sintering of ZrB2-based ceramics: A review","authors":"Samira Savani, M. Alipour, Ankur Sharma, D. Benny Karunakar","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.33129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.33129","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, microwave sintering has absorbed remarkable attention on the basis of enhanced microstructural/mechanical characteristics in comparison with conventional sintering techniques based on powder technology. This method not only can be employed for the processing of metals, alloys, and metal matrix composites but also for the manufacturing of advanced ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) as an interesting member of ultrahigh temperature ceramics is one of the most undertaking candidates in modern structural ceramics applications. This paper reviews the processing-densification-mechanical properties correlations in microwave-sintered ZrB2-based ceramics and composites. The text concentrates on the microwave-assisted production of ZrB2 divided into two categories: synthesis of ZrB2 powders by microwave sintering and sintering of ZrB2-based ceramics and composites by microwave sintering. The effects of some additives and reinforcements, such as B4C, SiC, TiC, and MgO, on zirconium diboride's densification and mechanical properties are summarized.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75102740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.53063/synsint.2023.32148
P. Goharian, A. Aghaei, B. Eftekhari Yekta, S. Banijamali
In this research, NASICON type (LiZrXTi2-X(PO4)3) glass-ceramics were fabricated (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). Lithium-ion conductivity along with the crystallization tendency and microstructural features were examined in this regard. Parent glasses obtained through melt quenching were converted to the glass-ceramic specimens after one-step heat treatment procedure. The resultant glass-ceramics were deeply explored by means of different techniques including scanning electron microscope, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and ionic conductivity measurements. According to the obtained results, presence of Zr4+ ions in the glass network and its gradual increase caused the enhanced crystallization temperature as well as declined crystallinity and microstructure coarsening. In all studied glass-ceramics, LiT2(PO4)3 solid solution was the dominant crystalline phase and Zr4+ ions partly substituted in the structure of this crystalline phase. Moreover, presence of Zr4+ ions in the glass composition resulted in diminished lithium-ion conductivity of corresponded glass-ceramics at ambient temperature. Consequently, total conductivity of specimen with the highest level of ZrO2 (x = 0.4) was measured to be 0.78 x 10-5 Scm-1, being considerably less than ionic conductivity of the base (x = 0) glass-ceramic (3.04 x 10-5 Scm-1). It seems that less crystallinity of ZrO2 containing glass-ceramics decreases required connectivity between the lithium-ion free paths and is responsible for the diminished ionic conductivity of these specimens.
{"title":"Lithium ion conductivity, crystallization tendency, and microstructural evolution of LiZrxTi2-x(PO4)3 NASICON glass-ceramics (x = 0 - 0.4)","authors":"P. Goharian, A. Aghaei, B. Eftekhari Yekta, S. Banijamali","doi":"10.53063/synsint.2023.32148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2023.32148","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, NASICON type (LiZrXTi2-X(PO4)3) glass-ceramics were fabricated (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). Lithium-ion conductivity along with the crystallization tendency and microstructural features were examined in this regard. Parent glasses obtained through melt quenching were converted to the glass-ceramic specimens after one-step heat treatment procedure. The resultant glass-ceramics were deeply explored by means of different techniques including scanning electron microscope, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and ionic conductivity measurements. According to the obtained results, presence of Zr4+ ions in the glass network and its gradual increase caused the enhanced crystallization temperature as well as declined crystallinity and microstructure coarsening. In all studied glass-ceramics, LiT2(PO4)3 solid solution was the dominant crystalline phase and Zr4+ ions partly substituted in the structure of this crystalline phase. Moreover, presence of Zr4+ ions in the glass composition resulted in diminished lithium-ion conductivity of corresponded glass-ceramics at ambient temperature. Consequently, total conductivity of specimen with the highest level of ZrO2 (x = 0.4) was measured to be 0.78 x 10-5 Scm-1, being considerably less than ionic conductivity of the base (x = 0) glass-ceramic (3.04 x 10-5 Scm-1). It seems that less crystallinity of ZrO2 containing glass-ceramics decreases required connectivity between the lithium-ion free paths and is responsible for the diminished ionic conductivity of these specimens.","PeriodicalId":22113,"journal":{"name":"Synthesis and Sintering","volume":"38 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79906409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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