Borko Katanic, D. Bjelica, M. Corluka, Adem Preljevic, Arben Osmani
Investigating of the athletes’ motivation for sports practice is necessary to encourage them to participate in sport, and continue exercising. During the Covid-19 pandemic period due to changes in athletes’ routines, the role of motivation to play sports could be even more important. The research aimed to determine the motivation structure for sports practice in football players with the help of factor analysis. The sample of respondents consisted of 360 professional football players (21.71±4.42 years) from the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A questionnaire on motivation for sports during the Covid-19 pandemic period was used, consisting of 18 items related to motivation to play sports and modified according to the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). A five-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was in electronic form and was sent to the football players via Google form. Factor analysis identified six dimensions: ‘Sport success’, ‘Support’, ‘Social status’, ‘Friendship’, ‘Physical health’, and ‘Sports activities’. These six dimensions explain the total manifest motivation participation space with 62.26% of the total variance. In conclusion, this study contributed to the understanding of the motivational structure of professional football players for playing sports. That is, the main motivational dimensions for engaging and committing to sports during the Covid-19 pandemic were singled out. This all points to the importance of this research and may serve future studies that will examine the motivational structure of professional athletes.
{"title":"Motivational Structure for Sports Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic in Professional Football Players","authors":"Borko Katanic, D. Bjelica, M. Corluka, Adem Preljevic, Arben Osmani","doi":"10.26773/smj.221020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221020","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating of the athletes’ motivation for sports practice is necessary to encourage them to participate in sport, and continue exercising. During the Covid-19 pandemic period due to changes in athletes’ routines, the role of motivation to play sports could be even more important. The research aimed to determine the motivation structure for sports practice in football players with the help of factor analysis. The sample of respondents consisted of 360 professional football players (21.71±4.42 years) from the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A questionnaire on motivation for sports during the Covid-19 pandemic period was used, consisting of 18 items related to motivation to play sports and modified according to the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). A five-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was in electronic form and was sent to the football players via Google form. Factor analysis identified six dimensions: ‘Sport success’, ‘Support’, ‘Social status’, ‘Friendship’, ‘Physical health’, and ‘Sports activities’. These six dimensions explain the total manifest motivation participation space with 62.26% of the total variance. In conclusion, this study contributed to the understanding of the motivational structure of professional football players for playing sports. That is, the main motivational dimensions for engaging and committing to sports during the Covid-19 pandemic were singled out. This all points to the importance of this research and may serve future studies that will examine the motivational structure of professional athletes.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soccer is a very popular sport with a high incidence of injuries. Clinical screening tools are an important component of injury prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between two screening tools, the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and whether there are differences regarding SEBT scores, injuries, and painful symptoms in participants below and above the FMS cutoff score of ≤14. The research was performed as a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study and included 42 non-professional soccer players from Eastern Croatia (age 25.5±6 years, training experience 15.8±6.6 years). Participants were surveyed regarding their sociodemographic data, soccer playing, and FMS and SEBT tests were performed. They were followed for 3.5 months when an additional set of data regarding injuries and painful symptoms was obtained. Moderate to good correlation was found between FMS total score and posterolateral reach of dominant and non-dominant legs (r=0.503, p=0.001; r=0.525, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between FMS total score and SEBT composite scores for dominant and non-dominant legs (r=0.486, p=0.001; r=0.453, p=0.003). Numerous significant correlations were found between individual items of FMS and SEBT. Participants with FMS score ≤14 had a higher occurrence of injuries and painful symptoms (p=0.018; p=0.034) and lower results of SEBT composite scores for dominant and non-dominant legs (p=0.010; p=0.001). There is a significant relationship between FMS and SEBT scores. Players with FMS scores ≤14 are more prone to injuries and painful symptoms and they have lower SEBT scores.
足球是一项非常受欢迎的运动，受伤的发生率很高。临床筛查工具是损伤预防的重要组成部分。本研究的目的是探讨功能运动筛查(FMS)和星偏移平衡测试(SEBT)两种筛查工具之间的关系，以及低于和高于FMS临界值≤14的参与者在SEBT评分、损伤和疼痛症状方面是否存在差异。该研究作为纵向队列研究的二次分析，纳入了来自克罗地亚东部的42名非职业足球运动员(年龄25.5±6岁，训练经验15.8±6.6年)。调查了参与者的社会人口统计数据、足球比赛情况，并进行了FMS和SEBT测试。他们被跟踪了3.5个月，获得了一组关于损伤和疼痛症状的额外数据。FMS总分与优势腿和非优势腿后外侧伸度呈正相关(r=0.503, p=0.001;r = 0.525, p < 0.001)。优势腿和非优势腿的FMS总分与SEBT综合评分存在显著相关性(r=0.486, p=0.001;r = 0.453, p = 0.003)。FMS单项与SEBT之间存在显著相关。FMS评分≤14的受试者损伤和疼痛症状的发生率较高(p=0.018;p=0.034)，优势腿和非优势腿的SEBT综合评分较低(p=0.010;p = 0.001)。FMS与SEBT得分之间存在显著的相关关系。FMS分数≤14分的运动员更容易受伤和出现疼痛症状，SEBT分数也更低。
{"title":"The Relationship between the Functional Movement Screen and the Star Excursion Balance Test in Non-Professional Soccer Players","authors":"I. Kokić, K. Petrič, Tomislav Kokic","doi":"10.26773/smj.221017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221017","url":null,"abstract":"Soccer is a very popular sport with a high incidence of injuries. Clinical screening tools are an important component of injury prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between two screening tools, the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and whether there are differences regarding SEBT scores, injuries, and painful symptoms in participants below and above the FMS cutoff score of ≤14. The research was performed as a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study and included 42 non-professional soccer players from Eastern Croatia (age 25.5±6 years, training experience 15.8±6.6 years). Participants were surveyed regarding their sociodemographic data, soccer playing, and FMS and SEBT tests were performed. They were followed for 3.5 months when an additional set of data regarding injuries and painful symptoms was obtained. Moderate to good correlation was found between FMS total score and posterolateral reach of dominant and non-dominant legs (r=0.503, p=0.001; r=0.525, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between FMS total score and SEBT composite scores for dominant and non-dominant legs (r=0.486, p=0.001; r=0.453, p=0.003). Numerous significant correlations were found between individual items of FMS and SEBT. Participants with FMS score ≤14 had a higher occurrence of injuries and painful symptoms (p=0.018; p=0.034) and lower results of SEBT composite scores for dominant and non-dominant legs (p=0.010; p=0.001). There is a significant relationship between FMS and SEBT scores. Players with FMS scores ≤14 are more prone to injuries and painful symptoms and they have lower SEBT scores.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90348677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nenad Trunić, Srdjan R. Marković, Sava D. Jezdimirović
The relative age effect is considered to be the main cause of the uneven distribution of birthdates in sports teams, particularly in football. The aim of this paper is to examine the presence of the relative age effect in the leagues of the former Yugoslav republics and the differences in birthdates distribution between the leagues. To test hypoth- eses, we used publicly available information obtained from official websites, which regarded players who played in the analyzed leagues during the 2020/2021 season. The absolute results indicate that in five of the six observed leagues, the greatest number of players were born in the first quartal of the year. A more detailed observation of each league individually found a significant relative age effect among players who play in the Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian leagues, but not in Northern Macedonia, Montenegro, and Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Also, the re- sults show that the quarterly distribution of analyzed leagues does not differ significantly. The results of this paper should serve the purpose of raising awareness about the presence of the relative age effect in regional football. All this should affect the creation of an environment in which all football players would have an equal chance for development and progress, reduce the chances of overlooking potential talents and ultimately raise the quality of football in the region.
{"title":"Relative Age Effect in Senior Football Leagues in Former Yugoslav Republics","authors":"Nenad Trunić, Srdjan R. Marković, Sava D. Jezdimirović","doi":"10.26773/smj.221007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221007","url":null,"abstract":"The relative age effect is considered to be the main cause of the uneven distribution of birthdates in sports teams, particularly in football. The aim of this paper is to examine the presence of the relative age effect in the leagues of the former Yugoslav republics and the differences in birthdates distribution between the leagues. To test hypoth- eses, we used publicly available information obtained from official websites, which regarded players who played in the analyzed leagues during the 2020/2021 season. The absolute results indicate that in five of the six observed leagues, the greatest number of players were born in the first quartal of the year. A more detailed observation of each league individually found a significant relative age effect among players who play in the Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian leagues, but not in Northern Macedonia, Montenegro, and Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Also, the re- sults show that the quarterly distribution of analyzed leagues does not differ significantly. The results of this paper should serve the purpose of raising awareness about the presence of the relative age effect in regional football. All this should affect the creation of an environment in which all football players would have an equal chance for development and progress, reduce the chances of overlooking potential talents and ultimately raise the quality of football in the region.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81857859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yerzhanova, K. Milašius, Z. Sabyrbek, G. Madiyeva, Ermek Dilmakhanbetov, Madina Adilzhanova, Zhanna Kalmatayeva
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 40-60% of human health depends on a lifestyle in which 25-30% is devoted to a rational diet. Therefore, by meeting physiological needs in accordance with a rational diet, athletes can adapt more quickly to the applied physical load and achieve better sport results. The aim of the study was to describe and compare the factors that determine the healthy diet of athletes of various sports. The study, which aimed to assess the factors determining healthy diet, involved 157 students of physical educa- tion and sports studies from the University of Almaty. Respondents were divided into 3 groups - sports games (volleyball, football, basketball, tennis) (n=85), endurance sports (long distance running, skiing, road cycling, triathlon (n=22), and combat sports (wrestling, judo, karate, boxing) (n=50). The questionnaire by Steptoe et al. (1995) was employed to establish the opinion of the investigated subjects on the factors that determine healthy and rational dietary choices of student athletes. Our research has shown that among the factors that determine the healthy diet of athletes of various sports, the main ones are health, the character of the chosen sport, and the athlete’s body composition. Factors such as current trends, the popularity of the food consumed, and the influence of family and friends are less important. The athletes we studied noted their efforts to eat and live healthy, most of them were satisfied with their health and their body mass. A greater variety in respondents’ responses was observed when assessing the composition of food supplements, the impact of discount special offers on product selection. The responses received on adherence to the diet indicate that the athletes studied do not always observe the correct diet
根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据，40-60%的人类健康取决于一种生活方式，其中25-30%致力于合理饮食。因此，运动员通过合理的饮食来满足生理需求，可以更快地适应所施加的体力负荷，取得更好的运动成绩。本研究的目的是描述和比较决定各种运动运动员健康饮食的因素。这项旨在评估决定健康饮食的因素的研究，涉及阿拉木图大学体育教育和运动研究的157名学生。受访者被分为3组:体育运动(排球、足球、篮球、网球)(n=85)，耐力运动(长跑、滑雪、公路自行车、铁人三项)(n=22)和格斗运动(摔跤、柔道、空手道、拳击)(n=50)。采用Steptoe et al.(1995)的调查问卷，建立被调查对象对决定学生运动员健康合理饮食选择的因素的看法。我们的研究表明，在决定各种运动项目运动员健康饮食的因素中，主要是健康状况、所选运动项目的特点和运动员的身体成分。诸如当前趋势、所消费食物的受欢迎程度以及家人和朋友的影响等因素都不那么重要。我们研究的运动员注意到他们在饮食和生活方面的努力，他们中的大多数人对自己的健康和体重感到满意。在评估食品补充剂的成分、折扣特别优惠对产品选择的影响时，观察到受访者的回答有更大的多样性。收到的关于坚持饮食的反馈表明，被研究的运动员并不总是遵循正确的饮食
{"title":"Factors Determining the Choice of Healthy Diet by Kazakh Athletes of Various Sports","authors":"Y. Yerzhanova, K. Milašius, Z. Sabyrbek, G. Madiyeva, Ermek Dilmakhanbetov, Madina Adilzhanova, Zhanna Kalmatayeva","doi":"10.26773/smj.221003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221003","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 40-60% of human health depends on a lifestyle in which 25-30% is devoted to a rational diet. Therefore, by meeting physiological needs in accordance with a rational diet, athletes can adapt more quickly to the applied physical load and achieve better sport results. The aim of the study was to describe and compare the factors that determine the healthy diet of athletes of various sports. The study, which aimed to assess the factors determining healthy diet, involved 157 students of physical educa- tion and sports studies from the University of Almaty. Respondents were divided into 3 groups - sports games (volleyball, football, basketball, tennis) (n=85), endurance sports (long distance running, skiing, road cycling, triathlon (n=22), and combat sports (wrestling, judo, karate, boxing) (n=50). The questionnaire by Steptoe et al. (1995) was employed to establish the opinion of the investigated subjects on the factors that determine healthy and rational dietary choices of student athletes. Our research has shown that among the factors that determine the healthy diet of athletes of various sports, the main ones are health, the character of the chosen sport, and the athlete’s body composition. Factors such as current trends, the popularity of the food consumed, and the influence of family and friends are less important. The athletes we studied noted their efforts to eat and live healthy, most of them were satisfied with their health and their body mass. A greater variety in respondents’ responses was observed when assessing the composition of food supplements, the impact of discount special offers on product selection. The responses received on adherence to the diet indicate that the athletes studied do not always observe the correct diet","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86629517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is often hypothesized that more successful teams from elite football competitions achieve lower match running performance (MRP) than less successful teams. However, the results of previous studies investigat- ing the associations between MRP and different success indicators are inconsistent. The main objective of this study was to identify the association between teams’ MRP and the UEFA club coefficient as an indicator of long-term success in highest-level football. Individual MRPs (n=547) of 378 outfield players were jointly evaluated into the team MRP and used as cases in this study. All data were collected by the semi-automatic optical video system InStat Fitness from matches (n=20) of the UEFA Champions League group stage (UCL) in the 2020/2021 season. MRP variables included total distance covered and distance covered in different speed zones: walking (<7.1 km/h), jogging (7.2–14.3 km/h), running (14.4–19.7 km/h), high-speed running (19.8–5.1 km/h), and sprinting (>25.2 km/h). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to identify the association be- tween the teams’ MRP and the UEFA club coefficient. Results indicated that the UEFA club coefficient was positively and negatively associated with sprinting and jogging distance covered, respectively. These findings show that teams with a higher UEFA club coefficient performed a lower amount of running at low intensity and a greater amount of running at maximal intensity, suggesting that teams are achieving greater long-term success in highest-level football play at a higher game pace.
{"title":"Match Running Performance in UEFA Champions League: Do More Successful Teams Really Run Less?","authors":"Tonći Modrić, O. Uljević","doi":"10.26773/smj.221002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221002","url":null,"abstract":"It is often hypothesized that more successful teams from elite football competitions achieve lower match running performance (MRP) than less successful teams. However, the results of previous studies investigat- ing the associations between MRP and different success indicators are inconsistent. The main objective of this study was to identify the association between teams’ MRP and the UEFA club coefficient as an indicator of long-term success in highest-level football. Individual MRPs (n=547) of 378 outfield players were jointly evaluated into the team MRP and used as cases in this study. All data were collected by the semi-automatic optical video system InStat Fitness from matches (n=20) of the UEFA Champions League group stage (UCL) in the 2020/2021 season. MRP variables included total distance covered and distance covered in different speed zones: walking (<7.1 km/h), jogging (7.2–14.3 km/h), running (14.4–19.7 km/h), high-speed running (19.8–5.1 km/h), and sprinting (>25.2 km/h). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to identify the association be- tween the teams’ MRP and the UEFA club coefficient. Results indicated that the UEFA club coefficient was positively and negatively associated with sprinting and jogging distance covered, respectively. These findings show that teams with a higher UEFA club coefficient performed a lower amount of running at low intensity and a greater amount of running at maximal intensity, suggesting that teams are achieving greater long-term success in highest-level football play at a higher game pace.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79604395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical fitness is an important part of overall health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular form of exercise that has been repeatedly proven as a functional way of developing cardiorespiratory fitness. Air bike is a widespread cardio machine suitable for HIIT. The aim of this research was to verify the effect of HIIT using air bike on the development of selected physical fitness parameters and compare it to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Twenty active young adults (age 22.1±2.5) were the subject of the research in the research. The participants underwent a complex strength and endurance test, a spiroergometric examination, and a body composition analysis. The experimental group (EG) did HIIT twice a week with work intervals (15–45 seconds), while the control group did MICT in a comparable time period. The results have shown significant improvement in back squat (8.25%), pulling strength (7.07%), aerobic endurance (18.74%), and VO2peak (10.62%). Comparison of the groups has shown a significant difference in bench press (ES=1.01), back squat (ES=0.68), anaerobic endurance (ES=0.97), aerobic endurance (ES=1.456), and VO2peak (ES=0.92). According to the results, we can conclude that HIIT using air bike is an effective way of developing multiple aspects of physical fitness and is thus suitable for training programs that aim to develop health and sports performance
{"title":"Physical Fitness Improvement after 8 Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training with Air Bike","authors":"P. Schlegel, A. Křehký, J. Hiblbauer","doi":"10.26773/smj.221012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221012","url":null,"abstract":"Physical fitness is an important part of overall health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular form of exercise that has been repeatedly proven as a functional way of developing cardiorespiratory fitness. Air bike is a widespread cardio machine suitable for HIIT. The aim of this research was to verify the effect of HIIT using air bike on the development of selected physical fitness parameters and compare it to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Twenty active young adults (age 22.1±2.5) were the subject of the research in the research. The participants underwent a complex strength and endurance test, a spiroergometric examination, and a body composition analysis. The experimental group (EG) did HIIT twice a week with work intervals (15–45 seconds), while the control group did MICT in a comparable time period. The results have shown significant improvement in back squat (8.25%), pulling strength (7.07%), aerobic endurance (18.74%), and VO2peak (10.62%). Comparison of the groups has shown a significant difference in bench press (ES=1.01), back squat (ES=0.68), anaerobic endurance (ES=0.97), aerobic endurance (ES=1.456), and VO2peak (ES=0.92). According to the results, we can conclude that HIIT using air bike is an effective way of developing multiple aspects of physical fitness and is thus suitable for training programs that aim to develop health and sports performance","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77516183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armend Kastrati, Nazrije Gashi, G. Georgiev, S. Gontarev
A large number of published studies have established the somatotype characteristics of athletes from different sports. The research goal is to establish and compare the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and somatotype components of Kosovo’s young elite athletes. The research was conducted on 255 young athletes aged 18, divided into 92 footballers, 83 basket players, and 80 handball players. The obtained results show numerous relations and differences between the tested young athletes. The research results suggest that footballers are shorter and lighter than basketball and handball players; have lower BMI than handball players. Handball players are shorter than basketball players, and have greater BMI than basketball players and footballers. Footballers, compared to handball players have a greater bone-component and less fat-component percentage. Basketball players possess greater bone-component percentage values than handball players. Footballers have a dominant mesomorph component. Their somatotype category is balanced mesomorph. Handball players are established to have a common mesomorph athletic type with a characteristic skeleton’s longitudinal dimension. The ectomorph body type is dominant in basketball players – a mesomorph- body type with a characteristic skeleton’s longitudinal dimension and balanced correlation between the bone and muscle tissue. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest to them to follow recent selection process methods and be more diligent during the process of talent scouting.
{"title":"Somatotype Characteristics of Elite Young Athletes from the Republic of Kosovo","authors":"Armend Kastrati, Nazrije Gashi, G. Georgiev, S. Gontarev","doi":"10.26773/smj.221008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221008","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of published studies have established the somatotype characteristics of athletes from different sports. The research goal is to establish and compare the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and somatotype components of Kosovo’s young elite athletes. The research was conducted on 255 young athletes aged 18, divided into 92 footballers, 83 basket players, and 80 handball players. The obtained results show numerous relations and differences between the tested young athletes. The research results suggest that footballers are shorter and lighter than basketball and handball players; have lower BMI than handball players. Handball players are shorter than basketball players, and have greater BMI than basketball players and footballers. Footballers, compared to handball players have a greater bone-component and less fat-component percentage. Basketball players possess greater bone-component percentage values than handball players. Footballers have a dominant mesomorph component. Their somatotype category is balanced mesomorph. Handball players are established to have a common mesomorph athletic type with a characteristic skeleton’s longitudinal dimension. The ectomorph body type is dominant in basketball players – a mesomorph- body type with a characteristic skeleton’s longitudinal dimension and balanced correlation between the bone and muscle tissue. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest to them to follow recent selection process methods and be more diligent during the process of talent scouting.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78095817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decade, gaming has become one of the activities that many school-aged children have been using daily. As such, gaming has been having a bad effect on children’s physical activity but, at the same time, it has helped them in the process of learning English. The goal of the study was: 1) to establish a correlation between the frequency of gaming with motor abilities and grades in English; 2) to establish a correlation between motor abilities and English. Thirty-four 7th- graders (m=19, f=15; age 13.24±0.55) of a primary school in Split participated in the study. The subjects were tested in 3 motor and 1 functional ability test. Grades in English were collected. The participants also filled out the questionnaire on the frequency and manner of gaming. The questionnaire is reliable. There is no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of gaming and better grades in English. Girls game less than boys (MWU Test), have better grades in English, and achieve less in certain motor abilities (MWU Test trunk lifting; 6-min running). The findings suggest that by gaming we do not improve our knowledge of English but that gaming is statistically negatively correlated with motor abilities.
{"title":"Correlation between Gaming, Motor Abilities, and Knowledge of English","authors":"I. Babić, A. Penjak","doi":"10.26773/smj.221015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221015","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, gaming has become one of the activities that many school-aged children have been using daily. As such, gaming has been having a bad effect on children’s physical activity but, at the same time, it has helped them in the process of learning English. The goal of the study was: 1) to establish a correlation between the frequency of gaming with motor abilities and grades in English; 2) to establish a correlation between motor abilities and English. Thirty-four 7th- graders (m=19, f=15; age 13.24±0.55) of a primary school in Split participated in the study. The subjects were tested in 3 motor and 1 functional ability test. Grades in English were collected. The participants also filled out the questionnaire on the frequency and manner of gaming. The questionnaire is reliable. There is no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of gaming and better grades in English. Girls game less than boys (MWU Test), have better grades in English, and achieve less in certain motor abilities (MWU Test trunk lifting; 6-min running). The findings suggest that by gaming we do not improve our knowledge of English but that gaming is statistically negatively correlated with motor abilities.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79749122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite a long research history, the lactate threshold continues to be a widely controversial field. Notwithstanding the controversies and influence of multiple determinants, the estimation of lactate threshold in sports has been considered one of the essential parameters in the prescription of training intensity, load monitoring, and perfor- mance prediction. The study aimed to compare the anaerobic ventilatory and lactate thresholds as determined by different methods in elite soccer players. The study consisted of twenty-five division 1 elite soccer players. The players were separated into two groups based on their run times on the treadmill. Group 1 (age 24.38±7.33 years, height 180.33±7.03 cm, weight 75.53±7.68 kg) consisted of players who completed more than 17 minutes on the treadmill, while group 2 (age 25.11±6.07 years, height 182.11±10.03 cm, weight 79.72±7.54 kg) consisted of those who completed less than 17 minutes. The players completed an incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing from which ventilatory thresholds were determined. Furthermore, measurements of blood samples were obtained every 3 minutes after completing each stage of the test, with a total of 141 measurements completed. Multivariate tests indicated no significant differences in the speeds calculated with ventilatory and lactate thresh- old methods. These findings suggest that the anaerobic ventilatory threshold (VT2) can be used as an alternative to the invasive lactate threshold measurements. Therefore, identifying a threshold point without utilizing an inva- sive procedure enhances the potential application of the VT2 or respiratory compensation point.
{"title":"Comparison of Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds in Elite Soccer Players","authors":"Koulla Parpa, M. Michaelides","doi":"10.26773/smj.221001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221001","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a long research history, the lactate threshold continues to be a widely controversial field. Notwithstanding the controversies and influence of multiple determinants, the estimation of lactate threshold in sports has been considered one of the essential parameters in the prescription of training intensity, load monitoring, and perfor- mance prediction. The study aimed to compare the anaerobic ventilatory and lactate thresholds as determined by different methods in elite soccer players. The study consisted of twenty-five division 1 elite soccer players. The players were separated into two groups based on their run times on the treadmill. Group 1 (age 24.38±7.33 years, height 180.33±7.03 cm, weight 75.53±7.68 kg) consisted of players who completed more than 17 minutes on the treadmill, while group 2 (age 25.11±6.07 years, height 182.11±10.03 cm, weight 79.72±7.54 kg) consisted of those who completed less than 17 minutes. The players completed an incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing from which ventilatory thresholds were determined. Furthermore, measurements of blood samples were obtained every 3 minutes after completing each stage of the test, with a total of 141 measurements completed. Multivariate tests indicated no significant differences in the speeds calculated with ventilatory and lactate thresh- old methods. These findings suggest that the anaerobic ventilatory threshold (VT2) can be used as an alternative to the invasive lactate threshold measurements. Therefore, identifying a threshold point without utilizing an inva- sive procedure enhances the potential application of the VT2 or respiratory compensation point.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84298761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims at showing the impact of basic morphological characteristics and specific motoric skills in the selection of young football players, specifically in showing the differences between FC Prishtina’s U17 first and second teams. 30 football players participated in this study and were divided into two teams: a first team (n=15) and a second team (n=15). The competitive season performance of football players served as the selection criterion. It was always based on the eye of the coaches. The morphological measurements (body weight and height; BMI) and the assessment of specific motoric skills (speed, agility, and others) were done at the beginning of the competitive season. The research results through T-test analysis have proven differences between the first and second teams (in favor of the first team) in specific motoric skills: sprint 10 m, sprint 30m, specific endurance 300 m, agility without ball 20 m, agility with ball 20 m, but no significant differences between teams in morphological characteristics (body weight and height, BMI). So, based on this study, we can affirm that the selection of more qualitative football players (for the first team) is significantly influenced by specific motor skills (speed, agility, and specific endurance) but not by morphological characteristics (body weight and height, BMI).
{"title":"The Impact of Morphological Characteristics and Motoric Skills in Young Football Players’ Selection","authors":"Sami Sermaxhaj, Fitim Arifi, Iber Alaj, M. Selimi","doi":"10.26773/smj.221006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221006","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims at showing the impact of basic morphological characteristics and specific motoric skills in the selection of young football players, specifically in showing the differences between FC Prishtina’s U17 first and second teams. 30 football players participated in this study and were divided into two teams: a first team (n=15) and a second team (n=15). The competitive season performance of football players served as the selection criterion. It was always based on the eye of the coaches. The morphological measurements (body weight and height; BMI) and the assessment of specific motoric skills (speed, agility, and others) were done at the beginning of the competitive season. The research results through T-test analysis have proven differences between the first and second teams (in favor of the first team) in specific motoric skills: sprint 10 m, sprint 30m, specific endurance 300 m, agility without ball 20 m, agility with ball 20 m, but no significant differences between teams in morphological characteristics (body weight and height, BMI). So, based on this study, we can affirm that the selection of more qualitative football players (for the first team) is significantly influenced by specific motor skills (speed, agility, and specific endurance) but not by morphological characteristics (body weight and height, BMI).","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77851847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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