The present study explored the external load in professional soccer players throughout the extent of a full competitive season using GPS tracking technology. Twenty-seven male players were categorized based on their playing position: (1) central defenders (n=5), (2) full-backs (n=4), (3) midfielders (n=9), (4) wingers (n=3), and (5) forwards (n=6). Their physical performance was analyzed and interpreted as the overall external load over the extent of 36 competition recordings and 169 recordings of training sessions from up to 5 days prior to match day (i.e., MD-5, MD-4, MD-3, MD-2 and MD-1). The data were collected only from outfield players (excluding goalkeepers) who participated in >90min of total duration in official games and were analyzed with the use of a 10-Hz GPS tracking device (WIMUPRO, RealTrack Systems Almeria, Spain). The results indicated match days minus three and four as the sessions with the highest intensities and physical demands, with no significant differences between the two days. Significant differences in high-speed running and sprint distance were observed between central defenders and full-backs during matches and training sessions. These results would benefit practitioners in designing the annual plan of professional soccer teams and allow for proper monitoring of the external load based on the players’ playing position.
本研究利用GPS追踪技术探讨了职业足球运动员在整个比赛赛季的外部负荷。27名男性球员根据他们的位置进行了分类:(1)中卫(n=5)，(2)边后卫(n=4)，(3)中场(n=9)，(4)边锋(n=3)，(5)前锋(n=6)。他们的身体表现被分析并解释为在比赛日前5天的36个比赛录音和169个训练课程录音(即MD-5, MD-4, MD-3, MD-2和MD-1)的范围内的整体外部负荷。数据仅从参加正式比赛总时长>90分钟的外场球员(不包括守门员)中收集，并使用10 hz GPS跟踪设备(WIMUPRO, RealTrack Systems Almeria，西班牙)进行分析。结果表明，比赛日的倒数第三天和第四天是强度和体能要求最高的时段，这两天之间没有显著差异。在比赛和训练中，中卫和边后卫在高速跑动和冲刺距离上存在显著差异。这些结果将有助于从业者在制定职业足球队的年度计划，并允许根据球员的比赛位置适当监测外部负荷。
{"title":"External Load Seasonal Variations and Positional Differences in Elite Soccer Players","authors":"Dennis Petrov, M. Michaelides, Koulla Parpa","doi":"10.26773/smj.221018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221018","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored the external load in professional soccer players throughout the extent of a full competitive season using GPS tracking technology. Twenty-seven male players were categorized based on their playing position: (1) central defenders (n=5), (2) full-backs (n=4), (3) midfielders (n=9), (4) wingers (n=3), and (5) forwards (n=6). Their physical performance was analyzed and interpreted as the overall external load over the extent of 36 competition recordings and 169 recordings of training sessions from up to 5 days prior to match day (i.e., MD-5, MD-4, MD-3, MD-2 and MD-1). The data were collected only from outfield players (excluding goalkeepers) who participated in >90min of total duration in official games and were analyzed with the use of a 10-Hz GPS tracking device (WIMUPRO, RealTrack Systems Almeria, Spain). The results indicated match days minus three and four as the sessions with the highest intensities and physical demands, with no significant differences between the two days. Significant differences in high-speed running and sprint distance were observed between central defenders and full-backs during matches and training sessions. These results would benefit practitioners in designing the annual plan of professional soccer teams and allow for proper monitoring of the external load based on the players’ playing position.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78070823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Each generation of modern society has lived in varying environments, and different reactions occur while viewing sports. This study compared and analyzed sports, sports attitudes, and positive psychological capital of two groups according to the presence or absence of medals in the event that most impressed them after watching the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In total, 328 survey responses were collected, and the differences between the groups were statistically verified using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that Group 1, which was impressed by a medal-winning event, had a relatively higher average value of self-efficacy than Group 2, which was impressed by an event in which a medal was not won. In contrast, Group 2 had a higher positive image and more resilience than did Group 1. In addition, different psychological attitudes were found in the results of factors (behavioral image, evaluative image, cognitive attitude, affective attitude, behavioral attitude, and optimism) that were not statistically significant in the differences between the groups compared to those of the previous generation. The results of this study can be used as meaningful data in sports viewing-related studies.
{"title":"Sports Image, Attitudes, and Positive Psychological Capital of MZ-Generation Viewers in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games Depending on Medal-Winning Status","authors":"Chul-Ho Bum, Ji-hye Yang, Chulhwan Choi","doi":"10.26773/smj.221016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221016","url":null,"abstract":"Each generation of modern society has lived in varying environments, and different reactions occur while viewing sports. This study compared and analyzed sports, sports attitudes, and positive psychological capital of two groups according to the presence or absence of medals in the event that most impressed them after watching the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In total, 328 survey responses were collected, and the differences between the groups were statistically verified using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that Group 1, which was impressed by a medal-winning event, had a relatively higher average value of self-efficacy than Group 2, which was impressed by an event in which a medal was not won. In contrast, Group 2 had a higher positive image and more resilience than did Group 1. In addition, different psychological attitudes were found in the results of factors (behavioral image, evaluative image, cognitive attitude, affective attitude, behavioral attitude, and optimism) that were not statistically significant in the differences between the groups compared to those of the previous generation. The results of this study can be used as meaningful data in sports viewing-related studies.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90094061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fitriana Puspa Hidasari, Nur Azis Rohmansyah, A. Hiruntrakul, Andika Triansyah, M. F. Bafadal
Among the lecturers and staff at the university are experiencing stress disorders, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and dietary adherence among lectures and staff associated with the national survey. A cross-sectional study with a web-based questionnaire presented anonymous demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, dietary intake, and healthy lifestyle barriers. A total of 1,862 lecturers and staff who met the following criteria for participation, having reached the age of majority at 25, were accepted into the study, gave informed consent online, and responded to a survey. BMI in the staff and lecturers group was overweight and obese, slightly lower for lecturers (25.9 kg/m2) compared to staff (27.4 kg/m2) with adjustments for age and gender. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of obesity between staff and faculty regardless of age or gender. The short IPAQ questionnaire revealed that around 68.7% of lecturers did PA category 2 or 3 and 28.3% of lecturers did PA category 3. Muscle strengthening exercises were carried out in each group by 24.5% of lecturers and 21.4% of staff. Lecturers (74.2%) feel responsible for their health. Most of the participants expressed that their working hours prevented them from staying fit. Physical activity and low intake of vegetables and fruits due to lack of managerial support, fitness facilities, and long working hours are obstacles to a healthy lifestyle. Very few lecturers and staff can follow an active lifestyle every day of the week and tend to engage in physical activity for longer periods within days or regulate food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 of University Staff in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"Fitriana Puspa Hidasari, Nur Azis Rohmansyah, A. Hiruntrakul, Andika Triansyah, M. F. Bafadal","doi":"10.26773/smj.221005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221005","url":null,"abstract":"Among the lecturers and staff at the university are experiencing stress disorders, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and dietary adherence among lectures and staff associated with the national survey. A cross-sectional study with a web-based questionnaire presented anonymous demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, dietary intake, and healthy lifestyle barriers. A total of 1,862 lecturers and staff who met the following criteria for participation, having reached the age of majority at 25, were accepted into the study, gave informed consent online, and responded to a survey. BMI in the staff and lecturers group was overweight and obese, slightly lower for lecturers (25.9 kg/m2) compared to staff (27.4 kg/m2) with adjustments for age and gender. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of obesity between staff and faculty regardless of age or gender. The short IPAQ questionnaire revealed that around 68.7% of lecturers did PA category 2 or 3 and 28.3% of lecturers did PA category 3. Muscle strengthening exercises were carried out in each group by 24.5% of lecturers and 21.4% of staff. Lecturers (74.2%) feel responsible for their health. Most of the participants expressed that their working hours prevented them from staying fit. Physical activity and low intake of vegetables and fruits due to lack of managerial support, fitness facilities, and long working hours are obstacles to a healthy lifestyle. Very few lecturers and staff can follow an active lifestyle every day of the week and tend to engage in physical activity for longer periods within days or regulate food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86034685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The regularities in the dynamics of the physical development of the female organism and the changes that occur in it led to problems in the manifestation of motor qualities at different ages. The study aims to optimize the training process of U12, U14, and U16 basketball players by revealing the factor structure and identifying the main factors of physical development and sports fitness in different age groups. Specialized literature was analyzed to carry out the research, and a test battery for sports-pedagogical testing was used, according to Borukova (2021). 173 female basketball players were studied. The results showed a change in the factor models of physical development and the specific performance with age increasing. The factor components with the most significant weight for the U12 are the anthropometric characteristics, for the U14 are the technical basketball skills, while for the U16, the height is a prerequisite for more outstanding achievements in the maximum vertical jump. The rearrangement of the features in the integral factor structure of the sports preparedness enables the coaches to optimize the training process for the U12, U14, and U16 female basketball players.
{"title":"Identification of the Main Factors of Physical Development and Sports Preparedness in 12, 14 and 16-Year-Old Bulgarian Girls Basketball Players","authors":"M. Borukova","doi":"10.26773/smj.221019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221019","url":null,"abstract":"The regularities in the dynamics of the physical development of the female organism and the changes that occur in it led to problems in the manifestation of motor qualities at different ages. The study aims to optimize the training process of U12, U14, and U16 basketball players by revealing the factor structure and identifying the main factors of physical development and sports fitness in different age groups. Specialized literature was analyzed to carry out the research, and a test battery for sports-pedagogical testing was used, according to Borukova (2021). 173 female basketball players were studied. The results showed a change in the factor models of physical development and the specific performance with age increasing. The factor components with the most significant weight for the U12 are the anthropometric characteristics, for the U14 are the technical basketball skills, while for the U16, the height is a prerequisite for more outstanding achievements in the maximum vertical jump. The rearrangement of the features in the integral factor structure of the sports preparedness enables the coaches to optimize the training process for the U12, U14, and U16 female basketball players.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78771795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to categorize various physical, physiological, and psychological variables that discriminated among Indian elite male athletes participating in endurance sports (Group A, n=34, age=16.88±2.44 years), combat sports (Group B, n=35, age=17.40±1.37 years) and skill sports (Group C, n=34, age= 8.91±2.24 years) and non-athletic control group (Group D, N=33, years=18.48±2.03 years). Physical parameters included height, body weight, body fat percentage, lean body mass, muscle content, and total water content. Physiological parameters included heart rate variability and maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) measured using the Astrand protocol. Various psychological parameters were evaluated using Big Five Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires. Discriminant analysis revealed three significant functions (P<0.05) contributing 65.7%, 25.8%, and 8.5% respectively to the model. After cross-validation, the resulting equation correctly classified 72.8% of endurance, combat, skill athletes, and control group. Total thirteen variables significantly (P<0.05) contributed to the discriminant analysis. The interpretation of the acquired discriminant functions was also based on the examination of the structure coefficients greater than 0.30. The athletes and control were discriminated mainly on VO2 max (structure coefficient, SC=0.741) in Function 1, body weight (SC=0.424), Lean body mass (SC=0.430), and muscle content (SC=0.574). This model substantiates the fact that elite male athletes show physical and physiological differences because of the different training regimens in their respective sports that conditioned them differently. In conclusion, these discriminant models could help in athlete’s induction, talent identification process and improving training programs.
{"title":"Linear Discriminant Analysis of Various Physiological and Psychological Parameters among Indian Elite Male Athletes of Different Types of Sports","authors":"Jyotsna Aggarwala, Rinku Garg, Subhra Chatterjee","doi":"10.26773/smj.221009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221009","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to categorize various physical, physiological, and psychological variables that discriminated among Indian elite male athletes participating in endurance sports (Group A, n=34, age=16.88±2.44 years), combat sports (Group B, n=35, age=17.40±1.37 years) and skill sports (Group C, n=34, age= 8.91±2.24 years) and non-athletic control group (Group D, N=33, years=18.48±2.03 years). Physical parameters included height, body weight, body fat percentage, lean body mass, muscle content, and total water content. Physiological parameters included heart rate variability and maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) measured using the Astrand protocol. Various psychological parameters were evaluated using Big Five Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires. Discriminant analysis revealed three significant functions (P<0.05) contributing 65.7%, 25.8%, and 8.5% respectively to the model. After cross-validation, the resulting equation correctly classified 72.8% of endurance, combat, skill athletes, and control group. Total thirteen variables significantly (P<0.05) contributed to the discriminant analysis. The interpretation of the acquired discriminant functions was also based on the examination of the structure coefficients greater than 0.30. The athletes and control were discriminated mainly on VO2 max (structure coefficient, SC=0.741) in Function 1, body weight (SC=0.424), Lean body mass (SC=0.430), and muscle content (SC=0.574). This model substantiates the fact that elite male athletes show physical and physiological differences because of the different training regimens in their respective sports that conditioned them differently. In conclusion, these discriminant models could help in athlete’s induction, talent identification process and improving training programs.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79074934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerrwin C. Aguinaldo, A. G. C. Cobar, H. C. Dimarucot
Physical Education was among the badly hit courses as different countries implement systemic quarantine to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The Philippines is not spared by this measure, migrating the education system to remote and online methods. Pursuing schools and instruction during a lockdown, this study intends to explore how the online learning implementation process is perceived and how different factors play in this unprecedented educational climate. One thousand four hundred four Physical Education students (N=1404) participated in an online survey using a modified OLQ-TLP questionnaire, comprising 11 categories of 42 quality indicators namely: Instruction (I), learning content (LC), course design (CD), knowledge acquisition (KA), ability to transfer (ATT), learning support (LS), social presence (SP), learning platform (LP), instructor interaction (II), learner interaction (LI) and learner satisfaction (L-Sat). Results showed student satisfaction reports outside the capital are significantly lower than their counterparts in the capital. Female students reported significantly higher satisfaction scores than males in the Instruction, Learning Content, Course Design, Knowledge Acquisition, and Ability To Transfer categories. Using One-way ANOVA, findings also revealed significantly low satisfaction reports as the students aged. Lastly, Knowledge Acquisition, Learner Interaction, and Ability To Transfer were strongly associated with overall learner satisfaction reports, validating previous reports that human-to-human interaction is a strong indicator of online learning satisfaction. While hybrid education is looming and here-tostay post-pandemic, further studies on how students learn better outside the classroom are promoted, especially in countries with educational equity interests like the Philippines.
{"title":"Learning Effectiveness and Satisfaction Selfreport of College Online Physical Education (OLPE) Students in the Philippines in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Jerrwin C. Aguinaldo, A. G. C. Cobar, H. C. Dimarucot","doi":"10.26773/smj.221011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221011","url":null,"abstract":"Physical Education was among the badly hit courses as different countries implement systemic quarantine to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The Philippines is not spared by this measure, migrating the education system to remote and online methods. Pursuing schools and instruction during a lockdown, this study intends to explore how the online learning implementation process is perceived and how different factors play in this unprecedented educational climate. One thousand four hundred four Physical Education students (N=1404) participated in an online survey using a modified OLQ-TLP questionnaire, comprising 11 categories of 42 quality indicators namely: Instruction (I), learning content (LC), course design (CD), knowledge acquisition (KA), ability to transfer (ATT), learning support (LS), social presence (SP), learning platform (LP), instructor interaction (II), learner interaction (LI) and learner satisfaction (L-Sat). Results showed student satisfaction reports outside the capital are significantly lower than their counterparts in the capital. Female students reported significantly higher satisfaction scores than males in the Instruction, Learning Content, Course Design, Knowledge Acquisition, and Ability To Transfer categories. Using One-way ANOVA, findings also revealed significantly low satisfaction reports as the students aged. Lastly, Knowledge Acquisition, Learner Interaction, and Ability To Transfer were strongly associated with overall learner satisfaction reports, validating previous reports that human-to-human interaction is a strong indicator of online learning satisfaction. While hybrid education is looming and here-tostay post-pandemic, further studies on how students learn better outside the classroom are promoted, especially in countries with educational equity interests like the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73672374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Esteves, Daniel Domingues, C. Santos, Nuno Mateus, B. Travassos, M. Costa
This study analysed the seasonal variations in futsal players’ physical, physiological, and technical–tactical performance. Eight senior futsal players from the same team were monitored at three time points in the season (beginning of the preseason, middle of the first half of the season, and middle of the second half of the season). A progressive and intermittent shuttle-running test (the futsal intermittent endurance test) was applied to collect the following variables: maximum velocity, distance covered, total distance covered, test duration, initial heart rate, peak heart rate, peak blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion. In addition, different match-performance variables were assessed during a simulated futsal match (goals scored, shots on goal, successful passes, balls lost, balls recovered, and goals conceded). Results indicated that the physiological variables of initial heart rate (p<.001, η2=.862) and peak blood lactate concentration (p=.001, η2=.640) significantly varied over the course of the season. However, no significant differences were found in the physical and technical–tactical variables. This study has implications for sport practitioners; specifically, it emphasizes that preseason and in-season training load periodization enhances the physiological fitness of top-level futsal players, although their physical and technical–tactical performance remained relatively stable.
{"title":"Within-season Adaptations in Physical, Physiological and Technical-tactical Performance of Experimented Futsal Players","authors":"P. Esteves, Daniel Domingues, C. Santos, Nuno Mateus, B. Travassos, M. Costa","doi":"10.26773/smj.221004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221004","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysed the seasonal variations in futsal players’ physical, physiological, and technical–tactical performance. Eight senior futsal players from the same team were monitored at three time points in the season (beginning of the preseason, middle of the first half of the season, and middle of the second half of the season). A progressive and intermittent shuttle-running test (the futsal intermittent endurance test) was applied to collect the following variables: maximum velocity, distance covered, total distance covered, test duration, initial heart rate, peak heart rate, peak blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion. In addition, different match-performance variables were assessed during a simulated futsal match (goals scored, shots on goal, successful passes, balls lost, balls recovered, and goals conceded). Results indicated that the physiological variables of initial heart rate (p<.001, η2=.862) and peak blood lactate concentration (p=.001, η2=.640) significantly varied over the course of the season. However, no significant differences were found in the physical and technical–tactical variables. This study has implications for sport practitioners; specifically, it emphasizes that preseason and in-season training load periodization enhances the physiological fitness of top-level futsal players, although their physical and technical–tactical performance remained relatively stable.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91055331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borko Katanic, D. Bjelica, Martina Rezić, M. Selimi, Arben Osmani
Elite karatekas should have specific morphological characteristics suitable for their specializations. This study aimed to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and body composition of elite Montenegrin karate athletes according to different specializations. This study consisted of a total of 16 male karate athletes divided according to specialization in kata (form or movement pattern) and kumite (fighting) disciplines. The subject sample included healthy, black belt karate senior athletes, with no prior injuries divided into kata (n-6, 19.83±4.71 years) and kumite (n-10, 20.4±5.21 years) athletes. Morphological characteristics and body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height (BH), body mass (BM), triceps skinfold (TS), biceps skinfold (BiS), back skinfold (BS), abdominal skinfold (AS), upper leg skinfold (UlS), lower leg skinfold (LlS), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (FP), and muscle mass percentages (MP). The differences in morphological characteristics and the composition of the body between kata and kumite karatekas were determined by using a statistical procedure with a t-test for small independent samples. It was determined that the kumite had a higher body height, and body weight, as well as a higher percentage of muscle mass than kata karatekas. In other parameters concerning the distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as the percentage of body fat, there was no difference between the groups. The results suggest that there is some difference in morphological characteristics between kata and kumite karatekas, but for more complete conclusions an analysis should be performed on a larger sample of high-level karate athletes.
{"title":"Differences in the Morphological Characteristics and Body Composition between Elite Montenegrin Kata and Kumite Karatekas","authors":"Borko Katanic, D. Bjelica, Martina Rezić, M. Selimi, Arben Osmani","doi":"10.26773/smj.221014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221014","url":null,"abstract":"Elite karatekas should have specific morphological characteristics suitable for their specializations. This study aimed to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and body composition of elite Montenegrin karate athletes according to different specializations. This study consisted of a total of 16 male karate athletes divided according to specialization in kata (form or movement pattern) and kumite (fighting) disciplines. The subject sample included healthy, black belt karate senior athletes, with no prior injuries divided into kata (n-6, 19.83±4.71 years) and kumite (n-10, 20.4±5.21 years) athletes. Morphological characteristics and body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height (BH), body mass (BM), triceps skinfold (TS), biceps skinfold (BiS), back skinfold (BS), abdominal skinfold (AS), upper leg skinfold (UlS), lower leg skinfold (LlS), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (FP), and muscle mass percentages (MP). The differences in morphological characteristics and the composition of the body between kata and kumite karatekas were determined by using a statistical procedure with a t-test for small independent samples. It was determined that the kumite had a higher body height, and body weight, as well as a higher percentage of muscle mass than kata karatekas. In other parameters concerning the distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as the percentage of body fat, there was no difference between the groups. The results suggest that there is some difference in morphological characteristics between kata and kumite karatekas, but for more complete conclusions an analysis should be performed on a larger sample of high-level karate athletes.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82109036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growing evidence has indicated a positive association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., maximal aerobic capacity or VO2 max). Limited evidence, however, is available among adolescents. This research aimed to predict VO2 max based on the physical activity level and estimate the discriminant capacity of the physical activity levels on the VO2 max status among adolescents. This research was a cross-sectional study in 141 adolescents (age 19±1 year old, 83% male). The VO2 max was assessed using the 1-mile run test. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical activity Questionnaire-Long Form. Multiple linear regression was conducted to predict the VO2 max using physical activity level data (in metabolic equivalent of tasks (Mets/week), sex, and body mass index (BMI). The discriminant capacity of the total and domain-specific physical activity in discriminating high and low VO2 max was estimated with the area under the curve (AUC). The Youden Index determined cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant predicting equation of VO2 based on total physical activities, BMI, and sex. The equation explained a significant proportion of VO2 max variances. The total and domain-specific physical activity significantly discriminated low and high VO2 max status, while the highest AUC was based on total physical activity, followed by other physical activity domains. A cut-off of total physical activity levels for predicting the VO2 max was successfully generated, with high sensitivity and specificity. Adequate evidence, thus, supports the prediction of VO2 max based on self-reported physical activity levels among adolescents.
{"title":"Predicting Maximal Aerobic Capacity based on Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels among Adolescents","authors":"N. Arovah, E. Purnomo","doi":"10.26773/smj.221010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.221010","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence has indicated a positive association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., maximal aerobic capacity or VO2 max). Limited evidence, however, is available among adolescents. This research aimed to predict VO2 max based on the physical activity level and estimate the discriminant capacity of the physical activity levels on the VO2 max status among adolescents. This research was a cross-sectional study in 141 adolescents (age 19±1 year old, 83% male). The VO2 max was assessed using the 1-mile run test. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical activity Questionnaire-Long Form. Multiple linear regression was conducted to predict the VO2 max using physical activity level data (in metabolic equivalent of tasks (Mets/week), sex, and body mass index (BMI). The discriminant capacity of the total and domain-specific physical activity in discriminating high and low VO2 max was estimated with the area under the curve (AUC). The Youden Index determined cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant predicting equation of VO2 based on total physical activities, BMI, and sex. The equation explained a significant proportion of VO2 max variances. The total and domain-specific physical activity significantly discriminated low and high VO2 max status, while the highest AUC was based on total physical activity, followed by other physical activity domains. A cut-off of total physical activity levels for predicting the VO2 max was successfully generated, with high sensitivity and specificity. Adequate evidence, thus, supports the prediction of VO2 max based on self-reported physical activity levels among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73962525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a complex team sport setting, such as during a football game, the match’s outcome is determined by numerous factors, such as the technical, tactical, physical and psychological preparedness of all the players, who have to act like a unit. This study aimed to identify anthropometric characteristics and motor and functional abilities that affect the competitive efficiency of U-15 football players. A total of 20 football players, classified either as starters (N=10) or non-starters (N=10), underwent morphologic measurements comprising body height and body weight and motoric assessments and testing of functional capacity: 5-meter sprint, 10-meter sprint, 20-meter sprint, broad jump, medicine ball throw, and triple jump on the left and right legs. Additionally, the age of peak height velocity (APHV) was calculated for each participant. The results showed that the body weight (OR:0.86; 95%CI:0.75-0.99) and medicine ball throw (t=2.24; p=0.02) were significant predictors of one’s competitive efficiency in the observed sample of young football players. Since upper body power is highly influenced by anthropometric characteristics at this age, starters will most likely receive more playing time and have superiority over their peers due to morphologic advantages. This study once again confirmed that early maturing players have an advantage over others because of their body size, which seems to be a significant determinant of success at that age.
{"title":"Analysis of Association of the Anthropometric, Motor and Functional Parameters on Competitive Efficiency in Youth Football Players","authors":"J. Škomrlj, Šime Veršić, Nikola Foretić","doi":"10.26773/smj.220606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.220606","url":null,"abstract":"In a complex team sport setting, such as during a football game, the match’s outcome is determined by numerous factors, such as the technical, tactical, physical and psychological preparedness of all the players, who have to act like a unit. This study aimed to identify anthropometric characteristics and motor and functional abilities that affect the competitive efficiency of U-15 football players. A total of 20 football players, classified either as starters (N=10) or non-starters (N=10), underwent morphologic measurements comprising body height and body weight and motoric assessments and testing of functional capacity: 5-meter sprint, 10-meter sprint, 20-meter sprint, broad jump, medicine ball throw, and triple jump on the left and right legs. Additionally, the age of peak height velocity (APHV) was calculated for each participant. The results showed that the body weight (OR:0.86; 95%CI:0.75-0.99) and medicine ball throw (t=2.24; p=0.02) were significant predictors of one’s competitive efficiency in the observed sample of young football players. Since upper body power is highly influenced by anthropometric characteristics at this age, starters will most likely receive more playing time and have superiority over their peers due to morphologic advantages. This study once again confirmed that early maturing players have an advantage over others because of their body size, which seems to be a significant determinant of success at that age.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88096815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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