Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201009.0271
Ming-Jer Jung, S. Chung
Two Asteraceae plants naturalized in Taiwan, Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. (Asteraceae), and its variety, E. hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. cacalioides (Fisch. Ex Spreng.) Griseb., are described in this research note. Erechtites hieraciifolius is naturalized in the lowlands of central and eastern Taiwan, while E. hieraciifolius var. cacalioides is naturalized in the lowlands and low elevations of southern Taiwan and Lanyu (Orchid Island). Color photos and a distribution map of E. hieraciifolius and E. hieraciifolius var. cacalioides are offered.
{"title":"Erechtites hieraciifolius (Asteraceae) and Its Variety, E. hieraciifolius var. cacalioides, in Taiwan","authors":"Ming-Jer Jung, S. Chung","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201009.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201009.0271","url":null,"abstract":"Two Asteraceae plants naturalized in Taiwan, Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. (Asteraceae), and its variety, E. hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. cacalioides (Fisch. Ex Spreng.) Griseb., are described in this research note. Erechtites hieraciifolius is naturalized in the lowlands of central and eastern Taiwan, while E. hieraciifolius var. cacalioides is naturalized in the lowlands and low elevations of southern Taiwan and Lanyu (Orchid Island). Color photos and a distribution map of E. hieraciifolius and E. hieraciifolius var. cacalioides are offered.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"35 6","pages":"271-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72406790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201009.0243
Lei-Chen Lin, Lee MingJen, Jinliang Chen
Formosan rhododendron (Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl.) is an endemic species of Erica-les in Taiwan. The Rf28 fungal strain was isolated from the roots of Formosan rhododendron and identified as an endophytic species of Phialocephala based on its morphological characteristics. This identification was further supported by a DNA sequence analysis. This species is a new addition to the fungal flora of Taiwan. In ericoid-mycorrhizal synthesis, Rf28-inoculated Formosan rhododendron seedlings exhibited vigorous growth, and an examination of the root ultrastructure revealed the occurrence of hyphal complexes and hyphal coils in cortical cells. These results demonstrated that Formosan rhododendron can form ericoid mycorrhiza in vitro with Phialocephala spp.
{"title":"Axenic Synthesis of Ericoid Mycorrhiza in Rhododendron formosanum with Phialocephala Species","authors":"Lei-Chen Lin, Lee MingJen, Jinliang Chen","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201009.0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201009.0243","url":null,"abstract":"Formosan rhododendron (Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl.) is an endemic species of Erica-les in Taiwan. The Rf28 fungal strain was isolated from the roots of Formosan rhododendron and identified as an endophytic species of Phialocephala based on its morphological characteristics. This identification was further supported by a DNA sequence analysis. This species is a new addition to the fungal flora of Taiwan. In ericoid-mycorrhizal synthesis, Rf28-inoculated Formosan rhododendron seedlings exhibited vigorous growth, and an examination of the root ultrastructure revealed the occurrence of hyphal complexes and hyphal coils in cortical cells. These results demonstrated that Formosan rhododendron can form ericoid mycorrhiza in vitro with Phialocephala spp.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"131 1","pages":"243-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78261078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201006.0139
Shiang-Yue Lu, Chiung-Pin Liu, Liang-Shin Hwang, Chiu-Hsien Wang
The effect of forest harvesting on flooding is a controversial subject. Determining such effects is constrained by the ability to directly measure how forest harvesting affects stormflow responses to extreme events. Stormflow caused by extreme rainfall or snowmelt events must be subjected to a frequency analysis to adequately describe them. In this study, the modified Peatland Hydrologic Impact Model (PHIM) was used to simulate forested and clearcut conditions in an upland firstorder watershed in central Taiwan. The results of simulations using 47 yr of precipitation records indicated that the overall daily average and maximum discharges were affected by clearing of upland forests in such watersheds; however, only the daily average discharge was significantly increased. In addition, the annual water yield increased by 11.2%, a difference that was statistically significant. Frequency analysis using the log-Pearson type Ⅲ distribution showed that quantiles of discharge for events of a small recurrence interval of approximately 5 and 2 yr after removal of the forest cover appeared to significantly differ from that of the original forested conditions for the daily average and maximum discharges, respectively. Since the frequency analysis showed only small differences in quantiles for before and after forest removal for events with a large recurrence interval, the effects of forest cover on large floods in central Taiwan are considered negligible.
{"title":"Simulated Flood Frequency Response to Forest Cover Removal for an Upstream Watershed in Central Taiwan","authors":"Shiang-Yue Lu, Chiung-Pin Liu, Liang-Shin Hwang, Chiu-Hsien Wang","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201006.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201006.0139","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of forest harvesting on flooding is a controversial subject. Determining such effects is constrained by the ability to directly measure how forest harvesting affects stormflow responses to extreme events. Stormflow caused by extreme rainfall or snowmelt events must be subjected to a frequency analysis to adequately describe them. In this study, the modified Peatland Hydrologic Impact Model (PHIM) was used to simulate forested and clearcut conditions in an upland firstorder watershed in central Taiwan. The results of simulations using 47 yr of precipitation records indicated that the overall daily average and maximum discharges were affected by clearing of upland forests in such watersheds; however, only the daily average discharge was significantly increased. In addition, the annual water yield increased by 11.2%, a difference that was statistically significant. Frequency analysis using the log-Pearson type Ⅲ distribution showed that quantiles of discharge for events of a small recurrence interval of approximately 5 and 2 yr after removal of the forest cover appeared to significantly differ from that of the original forested conditions for the daily average and maximum discharges, respectively. Since the frequency analysis showed only small differences in quantiles for before and after forest removal for events with a large recurrence interval, the effects of forest cover on large floods in central Taiwan are considered negligible.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"139-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75283294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201006.0171
Chao-Ting Chang, Chiao‐Ping Wang, C. Chou, C. Duh
Litter layers store a significant reservoir of carbon in forest ecosystems and are prone to be impacted by climate change and anthropogenic management practices. However, estimating forest litter biomass is commonly neglected in soil surveys. In this study, litter biomass, soil bulk density, fine soil content, and C concentration of the top 20 cm of topsoils were analyzed for 8 natural forests at elevations ranging 390~3000 m located within 4 climate zones (tropical, subtropical, temperate, and cool-temperate climate) to understand the importance of forest litter biomass in estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in Taiwan. Natural temperate forests at high elevations stored 2~3 times the C per hectare than did warm tropical and subtropical ones. The proportion of the litter C pool in topsoils increased with elevation and was highest in the temperate forest (28.8%) and lowest in the tropical forest (4.0%). These results suggest that when estimating the potential of forest C sequestraion and release, temperate and cool-temperate forest litter layers should be of great concern since these C pools are considerably less well protected. The warmth index (WI) was significant positively correlated with litter C pools and SOC stocks (R=0.95), while there was no correlation between the annual precipitation and litter and SOC pools, indicating that litter accumulation and the SOC content in Taiwan are mainly controlled by temperature rather than precipitation.
{"title":"The Importance of Litter Biomass in Estimating Soil Organic Carbon Pools in Natural Forests of Taiwan","authors":"Chao-Ting Chang, Chiao‐Ping Wang, C. Chou, C. Duh","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201006.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201006.0171","url":null,"abstract":"Litter layers store a significant reservoir of carbon in forest ecosystems and are prone to be impacted by climate change and anthropogenic management practices. However, estimating forest litter biomass is commonly neglected in soil surveys. In this study, litter biomass, soil bulk density, fine soil content, and C concentration of the top 20 cm of topsoils were analyzed for 8 natural forests at elevations ranging 390~3000 m located within 4 climate zones (tropical, subtropical, temperate, and cool-temperate climate) to understand the importance of forest litter biomass in estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in Taiwan. Natural temperate forests at high elevations stored 2~3 times the C per hectare than did warm tropical and subtropical ones. The proportion of the litter C pool in topsoils increased with elevation and was highest in the temperate forest (28.8%) and lowest in the tropical forest (4.0%). These results suggest that when estimating the potential of forest C sequestraion and release, temperate and cool-temperate forest litter layers should be of great concern since these C pools are considerably less well protected. The warmth index (WI) was significant positively correlated with litter C pools and SOC stocks (R=0.95), while there was no correlation between the annual precipitation and litter and SOC pools, indicating that litter accumulation and the SOC content in Taiwan are mainly controlled by temperature rather than precipitation.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"126 1","pages":"171-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77377714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201006.0117
J. Weng, T. Liao
Since most conifer species are commonly distributed in low-temperature regions, information of the photosynthetic response to temperature of conifers growing in high-temperature regions is little known. In order to obtain information on the photosynthetic response of conifers to global warming, the photosynthetic responses of 7 conifers grown from low to high elevations in subtropical Taiwan to both growth and measurement temperatures were studied. The results indicated that plants, except Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana, grown at high temperatures (30/23℃, day/night), exhibited lower inhibition of the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (P(subscript N)) at high temperature and an increase in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (T(subscript opt)). The T(subscript opt) values of conifers with low-and high-elevational distributions grown at low temperatures (20/10℃) were 20~23 and 16~21℃, respectively; and T(subscript opt) values of these conifers grown at high temperatures were 23~27 and 21℃, respectively. Differences in T(subscript opt) values for 3 conifers (Nageia nagi, Podocarpus macro-phyllus, and Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana) with low-elevation (＜1000~1900 m) distributions, and 1 conifer (Pinus taiwanensis) with a broad-elevational (750~3000 m) distribution with low-and high-temperature acclimation were 2.2~7.7℃; those for 2 conifers with high-elevational distributions (Cha. formosensis and Cha. obtusa var. formosana, 1000~2900 m) were -0.7~2.3℃. In addition, 1 species with a high-elevational distribution (Tsuga chinensis var. formosana, 2000~3500 m) grown at low temperatures, and 1 species (P. taiwanensis) with a broad elevational distribution grown at high-temperatures both maintained relatively high P(subscript N) values (≥ 90% of the maximum) at wide temperature ranges (8~24 and 18~34℃, respectively). From the above results it was concluded that, just like broadleaf evergreen trees, the photosynthesis of conifer plants distributed at low and high elevations in Taiwan adapts to the temperature of their habitat through both genetic variations and thermal acclimation. Conifers with low-and broad-elevational distributions generally exhibited a higher potentiality for thermal acclimation of the T(subscript opt) when growth temperatures shifted from low to high.
由于大多数针叶树种普遍分布在低温地区，因此对生长在高温地区的针叶树光合作用对温度的响应信息知之甚少。为了解针叶树对全球变暖的光合响应，研究了台湾亚热带地区从低海拔到高海拔生长的7种针叶树对生长温度和测量温度的光合响应。结果表明，除台湾Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana外，其他植物在高温(30/23℃，昼/夜)下生长的光饱和光合速率(P(下标N))在高温下抑制较低，光合作用最适温度(T(下标opt))升高。低温(20/10℃)生长的低海拔针叶树和高海拔针叶树的T(下标opt)值分别为20~23和16~21℃;高温条件下生长的针叶树的T(下标opt)值分别为23~27℃和21℃。低海拔(<1000~1900 m)分布的3种针叶树(Nageia nagi, Podocarpus macrophyllus, calocdrus macrolepis var. formosana)与低海拔(750~3000 m)分布的1种针叶树(Pinus taiwanensis)在低温和高温驯化条件下的T(下标opt)值差异为2.2~7.7℃;高海拔分布的2种针叶树(Cha。台湾和Cha。台湾Obtusa var. formosana，海拔1000~2900 m)温度为-0.7~2.3℃。此外，在低温条件下生长的1种高海拔分布的杉木(Tsuga chinensis var. formosana, 2000~3500 m)和在高温条件下生长的1种高海拔分布的台湾杉木(P. taiwanensis)在较宽的温度范围内(分别为8~24℃和18~34℃)均保持较高的P(下标N)值(≥最大值的90%)。综上所述，台湾低海拔和高海拔针叶树的光合作用与阔叶常绿乔木一样，通过遗传变异和热驯化来适应栖息地的温度。当生长温度由低向高转变时，低海拔和宽海拔分布的针叶树表现出更高的T(下标opt)热驯化潜力。
{"title":"Photosynthetic Responses and Acclimation to Temperature in Seven Conifers Grown from Low to High Elevations in Subtropical Taiwan","authors":"J. Weng, T. Liao","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201006.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201006.0117","url":null,"abstract":"Since most conifer species are commonly distributed in low-temperature regions, information of the photosynthetic response to temperature of conifers growing in high-temperature regions is little known. In order to obtain information on the photosynthetic response of conifers to global warming, the photosynthetic responses of 7 conifers grown from low to high elevations in subtropical Taiwan to both growth and measurement temperatures were studied. The results indicated that plants, except Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana, grown at high temperatures (30/23℃, day/night), exhibited lower inhibition of the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (P(subscript N)) at high temperature and an increase in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (T(subscript opt)). The T(subscript opt) values of conifers with low-and high-elevational distributions grown at low temperatures (20/10℃) were 20~23 and 16~21℃, respectively; and T(subscript opt) values of these conifers grown at high temperatures were 23~27 and 21℃, respectively. Differences in T(subscript opt) values for 3 conifers (Nageia nagi, Podocarpus macro-phyllus, and Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana) with low-elevation (＜1000~1900 m) distributions, and 1 conifer (Pinus taiwanensis) with a broad-elevational (750~3000 m) distribution with low-and high-temperature acclimation were 2.2~7.7℃; those for 2 conifers with high-elevational distributions (Cha. formosensis and Cha. obtusa var. formosana, 1000~2900 m) were -0.7~2.3℃. In addition, 1 species with a high-elevational distribution (Tsuga chinensis var. formosana, 2000~3500 m) grown at low temperatures, and 1 species (P. taiwanensis) with a broad elevational distribution grown at high-temperatures both maintained relatively high P(subscript N) values (≥ 90% of the maximum) at wide temperature ranges (8~24 and 18~34℃, respectively). From the above results it was concluded that, just like broadleaf evergreen trees, the photosynthesis of conifer plants distributed at low and high elevations in Taiwan adapts to the temperature of their habitat through both genetic variations and thermal acclimation. Conifers with low-and broad-elevational distributions generally exhibited a higher potentiality for thermal acclimation of the T(subscript opt) when growth temperatures shifted from low to high.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79126202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201006.0185
Shih-Huei Chen, Shu-Yuan Chen, Ming-Jou Wu
Fimbristylis macassarensis Steud.‚ a doubtful species in the flora of Taiwan‚ has recently been rediscovered in the eastern part of Taiwan. The present study provides a taxonomic description‚ illustrations, and a line drawing. In addition‚ the geographic distribution and notes on its ecology and habitat information are given.
{"title":"Rediscovery of Fimbristylis macassarensis Steud. (Cyperaceae) in Taiwan.","authors":"Shih-Huei Chen, Shu-Yuan Chen, Ming-Jou Wu","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201006.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201006.0185","url":null,"abstract":"Fimbristylis macassarensis Steud.‚ a doubtful species in the flora of Taiwan‚ has recently been rediscovered in the eastern part of Taiwan. The present study provides a taxonomic description‚ illustrations, and a line drawing. In addition‚ the geographic distribution and notes on its ecology and habitat information are given.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74461693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201006.0129
Y. Perng, E. I. Wang, Yi-ting Yang, Y. Lee
In this study, 2 methods of preparation of talc and calcium carbonate were employed. The 2 minerals were either ground up together with water or the wet-ground calcium carbonate was mixed with dry-ground talc. Then the preparations were added to a typical fine paper furnish to investigate the effects of replacing a portion of calcium carbonate with talc on the first-pass retention (FPR), ash, sizing degree, bulk, tensile strength, smoothness, roughness, brightness, and opacity of the handsheets (with a basis weight 60 g m^(-2)). Handsheets produced with 100% wet-ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and 100% dry-ground talc served as the control groups. The replacement level of talc was 10%, and the dosages examined were 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The results indicated that replacing a portion of GCC with talc enhanced the FPR, ash retention, bulk, sizing degree, tensile index, and brightness of the handsheets at the cost of decreased smoothness and opacity. Comparing the 2 preparations, grinding together the talc and calcium carbonate appeared to produce a more-uniform particle size distribution and smaller average particle diameters than the separately ground and mixed groups. The edges of the platy filler were smoother for the former group as well. Comparing the 2 groups, talc and GCC ground together produced better handsheet filler retention, sizing degree, tensile index, and brightness.
本研究采用2种方法制备滑石粉和碳酸钙。这两种矿物要么与水一起研磨，要么将湿磨碳酸钙与干磨滑石粉混合。然后将这些制剂添加到一种典型的细纸原料中，研究用滑石粉代替部分碳酸钙对手纸(基重为60 g m^(-2))的首道保留率(FPR)、灰分、施胶度、体积、抗拉强度、光滑度、粗糙度、亮度和不透明度的影响。用100%湿磨碳酸钙(GCC)和100%干磨滑石粉制作的手纸作为对照组。滑石粉替代水平为10%，检测剂量为0%、10%、20%和30%。结果表明，用滑石代替部分GCC提高了手纸的FPR、留灰率、体积、施胶度、拉伸指数和亮度，但降低了手纸的光滑度和不透明度。对比两种制剂，粉磨后的滑石和碳酸钙的粒度分布更均匀，平均粒径更小。前一组的片状填充物的边缘也更光滑。两组比较，滑石粉和GCC磨粉在手板填料保留度、施胶度、拉伸指数和亮度方面均有较好的效果。
{"title":"Effects of Adding Co-ground Talc and Calcium Carbonate on the Retention and Paper Properties of Handsheets","authors":"Y. Perng, E. I. Wang, Yi-ting Yang, Y. Lee","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201006.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201006.0129","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 2 methods of preparation of talc and calcium carbonate were employed. The 2 minerals were either ground up together with water or the wet-ground calcium carbonate was mixed with dry-ground talc. Then the preparations were added to a typical fine paper furnish to investigate the effects of replacing a portion of calcium carbonate with talc on the first-pass retention (FPR), ash, sizing degree, bulk, tensile strength, smoothness, roughness, brightness, and opacity of the handsheets (with a basis weight 60 g m^(-2)). Handsheets produced with 100% wet-ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and 100% dry-ground talc served as the control groups. The replacement level of talc was 10%, and the dosages examined were 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The results indicated that replacing a portion of GCC with talc enhanced the FPR, ash retention, bulk, sizing degree, tensile index, and brightness of the handsheets at the cost of decreased smoothness and opacity. Comparing the 2 preparations, grinding together the talc and calcium carbonate appeared to produce a more-uniform particle size distribution and smaller average particle diameters than the separately ground and mixed groups. The edges of the platy filler were smoother for the former group as well. Comparing the 2 groups, talc and GCC ground together produced better handsheet filler retention, sizing degree, tensile index, and brightness.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81225163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201006.0181
Sheng-You Lu, R. Lo, S. Lo, S. Hsu, Chien-Wen Chen
Four new cultivars from native plants of Taiwan are described in this paper: Buxus liukiuensis 'Round' (Buxaceae), Elaeagnus oldhamii 'Round' (Elaeagnaceae), Murraya paniculata 'Variegated Leaves' (Rutaceae), and Podocarpus costalis 'White Fasciate' (Podocarpaceae). These cultivars are useful for ornamental and landscape planting.
{"title":"New cultivars from native plants of Taiwan (XI).","authors":"Sheng-You Lu, R. Lo, S. Lo, S. Hsu, Chien-Wen Chen","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201006.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201006.0181","url":null,"abstract":"Four new cultivars from native plants of Taiwan are described in this paper: Buxus liukiuensis 'Round' (Buxaceae), Elaeagnus oldhamii 'Round' (Elaeagnaceae), Murraya paniculata 'Variegated Leaves' (Rutaceae), and Podocarpus costalis 'White Fasciate' (Podocarpaceae). These cultivars are useful for ornamental and landscape planting.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82934119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201003.0003
C. Martin
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a photosynthetic pathway that conserves water by restricting stomatal opening, hence water loss, to the night. Thus, it is not surprising to find that floras of arid regions include a large number of CAM plants. In addition, CAM is common among epiphytes in tropical and subtropical environments, where water is plentiful. Despite the latter, evidence exists that comparatively short periods of drought, coupled with the unusual morphology and/or microhabitat of such epiphytes, comprise stress substantial enough that the CAM pathway proves highly adaptive. It is more difficult to explain the adaptive significance of CAM in tropical and subtropical rain forests with exceedingly high annual rainfall, i.e., in excess of 4 meters per year. This review explores a variety of hypotheses proffered as explanations for this apparent conundrum. Such hypotheses include: 1. CAM allows an epiphytic CAM plant to capitalize on the high concentrations of atmospheric CO2 at night in the canopies of its host trees; 2. even in such rain forests, rainless periods are long enough and/or frequent enough that CAM proves advantageous as a water conservation adaptation. 3. The ability of many CAM plants to assimilate CO2 during both the day and night is advantageous in such environments. 4. The increase in daytime CO2 levels in CAM photosynthetic tissue prevents photoinhibition and minimizes CO2 losses during the day. 5. The high acid content of CAM photosynthetic tissue, at least early in the day, deters herbivory. 6. The stimulation of CO2 uptake following wetting of the leaves reported for at least one epiphytic CAM plant is advantageous in such high-rainfall environments. 7. The low demand for essential elements observed in at least one CAM plant increases the nutrient efficiency of such plants, which is adaptive in rain forests with excessive rainfall and, hence, high levels of nutrient leaching from the leaf tissues. 8. Guttation resulting from osmotically-driven high tissue water contents benefits CAM plants several ways. 9. Epiphytic CAM plants are well-adapted to shady microhabitats, comprising a valuable adaptation to the cloudy environment of high-rainfall rain forests. 10. CAM is not beneficial for such plants in these environments for at least 3 possible reasons. All of the hypotheses have only rarely been examined in past studies. Thus, all are in need of further investigation.
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Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.201003.0081
Li‐Wan Chang, J. Hwong, S. Chiu, Hsiang-Hua Wang, Kuoh-Cheng Yang, H. Chang, C. Hsieh
The Lienhuachih Forest Dynamics Plot (FDP), measured 500 m by 500 m square, is located in central Taiwan. The collected data, followed a unified method adopted for the worldwide FDP network, were analyzed for floristic composition, size-class structure, and species diversity. In total, the censused trees and shrubs belonged to 144 species in 86 genera and 39 families. The most dominant families were the Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Melastomataceae. In total, 153268 (6131 ha^(-1)) individuals were recorded, and the total basal area was 34.77 m^2 ha^(-1). Of the 144 species, the most abundant were Randia cochinchinensis and Blastus cochinchinensis. Pasania nantoensis had the highest basal area (8.38%), followed by Engelhardtia roxburghiana (8.12%) and Schefflera octophylla (7.23%). Calculation of the importance value (IV, incorporating relative values of abundance and basal area) showed that R. cochinchinensis, B. cochinchinensis, S. octophylla, Cryptocarya chinensis, and E. roxburghiana were the most dominant species with the highest IV values in the plot. The sum of the 30 top species' IV reached 83.06% of the whole. Although the 1st 2 species were understory and very dominant due to the large number of individuals, certain numbers of rare species however increased the floristic diversity in the plot. Based on the species composition, the forest is characteristic of the Machilus-Castanopsis forest zone of Taiwan, with certain dominant understory species and possessing 2 pioneer species in the major canopy composition. For the size-class structure, 102 (each with total stems ≥ 25) species showed 4 patterns of size-class distribution: L-shaped, inverse J-shaped, fluctuating, and bell-shaped. The former 3 patterns in a total of 98 species, including a great number of small-sized individuals, imply that most current species in this study site can display good recruitment with rich resources of saplings. The woody plant richness of the Lienhuachih FDP is the highest among low-elevation FDPs in Taiwan. Compared to other Center of Ttropical Forest Science forest dynamics plots on islands, Fisher's alpha diversity (ha^(-1)) index of the subtropical Lienhuachih FDP was similar to that of the Luquillo FDP in Puerto Rico but much lower than that of other FDPs in the tropics.
{"title":"Species Composition, Size-Class Structure, and Diversity of the Lienhuachih Forest Dynamics Plot in a Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Central Taiwan","authors":"Li‐Wan Chang, J. Hwong, S. Chiu, Hsiang-Hua Wang, Kuoh-Cheng Yang, H. Chang, C. Hsieh","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.201003.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201003.0081","url":null,"abstract":"The Lienhuachih Forest Dynamics Plot (FDP), measured 500 m by 500 m square, is located in central Taiwan. The collected data, followed a unified method adopted for the worldwide FDP network, were analyzed for floristic composition, size-class structure, and species diversity. In total, the censused trees and shrubs belonged to 144 species in 86 genera and 39 families. The most dominant families were the Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Melastomataceae. In total, 153268 (6131 ha^(-1)) individuals were recorded, and the total basal area was 34.77 m^2 ha^(-1). Of the 144 species, the most abundant were Randia cochinchinensis and Blastus cochinchinensis. Pasania nantoensis had the highest basal area (8.38%), followed by Engelhardtia roxburghiana (8.12%) and Schefflera octophylla (7.23%). Calculation of the importance value (IV, incorporating relative values of abundance and basal area) showed that R. cochinchinensis, B. cochinchinensis, S. octophylla, Cryptocarya chinensis, and E. roxburghiana were the most dominant species with the highest IV values in the plot. The sum of the 30 top species' IV reached 83.06% of the whole. Although the 1st 2 species were understory and very dominant due to the large number of individuals, certain numbers of rare species however increased the floristic diversity in the plot. Based on the species composition, the forest is characteristic of the Machilus-Castanopsis forest zone of Taiwan, with certain dominant understory species and possessing 2 pioneer species in the major canopy composition. For the size-class structure, 102 (each with total stems ≥ 25) species showed 4 patterns of size-class distribution: L-shaped, inverse J-shaped, fluctuating, and bell-shaped. The former 3 patterns in a total of 98 species, including a great number of small-sized individuals, imply that most current species in this study site can display good recruitment with rich resources of saplings. The woody plant richness of the Lienhuachih FDP is the highest among low-elevation FDPs in Taiwan. Compared to other Center of Ttropical Forest Science forest dynamics plots on islands, Fisher's alpha diversity (ha^(-1)) index of the subtropical Lienhuachih FDP was similar to that of the Luquillo FDP in Puerto Rico but much lower than that of other FDPs in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72788353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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