Jenel Ituriaga, Klint Allen Mariñas, Charmine Sheena Saflor
In the Philippines, where agriculture plays a vital role in the economy, nearly half of the country’s 30 million hectares of land is used for agricultural purposes. Despite government efforts to support rice farmers, challenges, such as production failures and profit losses, remain prevalent. This study evaluates the quality of government services provided to rice farmers through a service quality-based framework (SERVQUAL), assessing five key dimensions: assurance (AS), empathy (EM), reliability (RL), responsiveness (RS), and tangibility (TA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to examine the relationships among these service quality dimensions and other latent variables, including service quality (SQ), farmers’ satisfaction (FS), farmers’ trust (FT), perceived security (PS), and perceived effectiveness (PE). Data were gathered from 400 respondents using a 55-item survey. The findings indicate that perceived security (PS) is the most critical factor in enhancing the overall quality of government services. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting a SERVQUAL-based approach, with a focus on reliability and responsiveness to improve farmers’ satisfaction and trust. Additionally, fostering trust between farmers and the government is crucial to increasing the effectiveness of government programs and strengthening farmer–government collaboration. The study further advocates for prioritizing sustainable agricultural practices to ensure long-term productivity and environmental resilience. By improving service quality with a focus on sustainability, the Philippines can work towards achieving broader sustainable development goals.
{"title":"Enhancing Government Services to Rice Farmers in the Philippines: A Service Quality–Sustainability-Focused Approach for Long-Term Agricultural Resilience","authors":"Jenel Ituriaga, Klint Allen Mariñas, Charmine Sheena Saflor","doi":"10.3390/su16188108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188108","url":null,"abstract":"In the Philippines, where agriculture plays a vital role in the economy, nearly half of the country’s 30 million hectares of land is used for agricultural purposes. Despite government efforts to support rice farmers, challenges, such as production failures and profit losses, remain prevalent. This study evaluates the quality of government services provided to rice farmers through a service quality-based framework (SERVQUAL), assessing five key dimensions: assurance (AS), empathy (EM), reliability (RL), responsiveness (RS), and tangibility (TA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to examine the relationships among these service quality dimensions and other latent variables, including service quality (SQ), farmers’ satisfaction (FS), farmers’ trust (FT), perceived security (PS), and perceived effectiveness (PE). Data were gathered from 400 respondents using a 55-item survey. The findings indicate that perceived security (PS) is the most critical factor in enhancing the overall quality of government services. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting a SERVQUAL-based approach, with a focus on reliability and responsiveness to improve farmers’ satisfaction and trust. Additionally, fostering trust between farmers and the government is crucial to increasing the effectiveness of government programs and strengthening farmer–government collaboration. The study further advocates for prioritizing sustainable agricultural practices to ensure long-term productivity and environmental resilience. By improving service quality with a focus on sustainability, the Philippines can work towards achieving broader sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies have assessed the thermal performance of green and cool roofs. However, few have comprehensively addressed Brazilian buildings and climates, considering indoor and outdoor environments. Considering three Brazilian cities, this study aims to assess the performance of green and cool roofs compared with traditional fibre cement roofs in a typical multifamily residential building. Energy consumption, thermal comfort, and outside surface temperature were assessed using computer simulation. The results show that the cool roofs performed better in cities with warmer climates (e.g., Cfa and Aw), reducing electricity consumption by up to 24.8% compared with traditional roofs. Green roofs are better suited for colder climates (e.g., Cfb), with up to 28.2% energy savings. Green roofs provided the highest percentage of thermal comfort hours in all climates. Cool and green roofs provided hourly reductions in outside roof surface temperature of up to 16.5 °C and 28.4 °C, respectively, compared with the traditional roof. This work reinforces that the choice between these two roof types for each city depends on the parameter used for comparison. Based on the relevant information applied to Brazilian buildings and representative climates presented, this work provided recommendations for urban planning policies and building regulations in Brazil.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Cool and Green Roofs Inside and Outside Buildings in the Brazilian Context","authors":"Taylana Piccinini Scolaro, Enedir Ghisi, Cristina Matos Silva","doi":"10.3390/su16188104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188104","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have assessed the thermal performance of green and cool roofs. However, few have comprehensively addressed Brazilian buildings and climates, considering indoor and outdoor environments. Considering three Brazilian cities, this study aims to assess the performance of green and cool roofs compared with traditional fibre cement roofs in a typical multifamily residential building. Energy consumption, thermal comfort, and outside surface temperature were assessed using computer simulation. The results show that the cool roofs performed better in cities with warmer climates (e.g., Cfa and Aw), reducing electricity consumption by up to 24.8% compared with traditional roofs. Green roofs are better suited for colder climates (e.g., Cfb), with up to 28.2% energy savings. Green roofs provided the highest percentage of thermal comfort hours in all climates. Cool and green roofs provided hourly reductions in outside roof surface temperature of up to 16.5 °C and 28.4 °C, respectively, compared with the traditional roof. This work reinforces that the choice between these two roof types for each city depends on the parameter used for comparison. Based on the relevant information applied to Brazilian buildings and representative climates presented, this work provided recommendations for urban planning policies and building regulations in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Bassi, Vanessa Deotto, Laura Pagani, Luca Iseppi
The objective of this research is to investigate the awareness and opinions concerning forest therapy within a public health institution, specifically as a green prescription for patients with stable chronic disease. Through qualitative preliminary analysis, this study compared the responses of a group to gather physical activity and wood frequentation insights, as well as forest therapy patients’ attitudes. The results underline a general predisposition among respondents to engage in moderate physical activity and visit natural environments for relaxation purposes. Emerging parallelly is how forest therapy is largely an unknown practice, although it draws considerable interest and a general predisposition to participate. This research outlines the ideal conditions that emerge for participating in forest therapy sessions, including the availability to pay, pointing toward environmentally and socio-economically sustainable reflections. Further studies should extend this preliminary investigation using appropriate statistical methodologies on larger samples, involving different regions and medical conditions.
{"title":"Forest Therapy as an Alternative and Sustainable Rehabilitation Practice: A Patient Group Attitude Investigation","authors":"Ivana Bassi, Vanessa Deotto, Laura Pagani, Luca Iseppi","doi":"10.3390/su16188111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188111","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to investigate the awareness and opinions concerning forest therapy within a public health institution, specifically as a green prescription for patients with stable chronic disease. Through qualitative preliminary analysis, this study compared the responses of a group to gather physical activity and wood frequentation insights, as well as forest therapy patients’ attitudes. The results underline a general predisposition among respondents to engage in moderate physical activity and visit natural environments for relaxation purposes. Emerging parallelly is how forest therapy is largely an unknown practice, although it draws considerable interest and a general predisposition to participate. This research outlines the ideal conditions that emerge for participating in forest therapy sessions, including the availability to pay, pointing toward environmentally and socio-economically sustainable reflections. Further studies should extend this preliminary investigation using appropriate statistical methodologies on larger samples, involving different regions and medical conditions.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The morphogenetic diversity of an area often determines its high geodiversity, which is subsequently used for geotourism. Areas where geotourism is being intentionally developed note the funded impacts resulting from increased interest in the area by tourists. This paper presents a morphogenetically diverse area that has been formed by glacial activity, cosmic factors—meteorite impacts, fluvial factors and anthropogenic factors—especially those related to industrial activities and settlement processes. In this manuscript, we identified and assessed geosites in the diverse landscape of the Poznań region (Poland), as well as analyzed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in relation to possible activities aimed at the development of geotourism. The multi-criteria assessment of existing and proposed geosites and SWOT analysis was used by us to assess geotourism development potential in this genetically highly diverse landscape. The work presented here demonstrates that not all formally created geosites by geological institutions are potentially attractive from the point of view of geotourism. The main factors that reduce the attractiveness of geosites are the lack of recreational infrastructure, poor accessibility and low educational values. The spectacularity of geosites is most often determined by their aesthetic value, representativeness, rareness and paleogeographical interest. The Poznań region has a high potential for the development of geotourism due to its valuable sites (Morasko Meteorite Reserve, Dziewicza Hill, post-mining area Szachty, Genius Loci and Ostrów Tumski); however, there is a need to develop a geotourism development strategy in the area. Given the morphogenetic diversity of the study area, there is a need to create a unique landscape geointerpretation center in this part of Europe, with a role in integrating tourism and especially geotourism activities.
一个地区的形态多样性往往决定了其高度的地质多样性，随后被用于地质旅游。正在有意开发地质旅游的地区注意到，游客对该地区兴趣的增加带来了资金方面的影响。本文介绍了一个由冰川活动、宇宙因素（陨石撞击）、河流因素和人为因素（特别是与工业活动和定居过程有关的因素）形成的形态多样的地区。在本手稿中，我们对波兹南地区（波兰）多样地貌中的地质景观进行了识别和评估，并分析了与可能开展的地质旅游活动相关的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁。我们对现有和拟议的地质景观进行了多标准评估，并采用 SWOT 分析方法来评估这一基因高度多样化景观的地质旅游发展潜力。本文介绍的工作表明，从地质旅游的角度来看，并非所有由地质机构正式创建的地貌景观都具有潜在的吸引力。降低地貌景观吸引力的主要因素是缺乏娱乐基础设施、交通不便和教育价值低。地貌景观的壮观程度通常取决于其美学价值、代表性、稀有性和古地理学意义。波兹南地区因其宝贵的景点（莫拉斯科陨石保护区、Dziewicza 山、Szachty 后矿区、Genius Loci 和 Ostrów Tumski）而具有发展地质旅游的巨大潜力；然而，该地区需要制定地质旅游发展战略。鉴于研究区的形态多样性，有必要在欧洲的这一地区建立一个独特的景观地质解释中心，在整合旅游，特别是地质旅游活动方面发挥作用。
{"title":"Between Meteorite, Glacier and Rivers—Towards Geotourism Development in Diverse Landscape","authors":"Dawid Abramowicz, Remigiusz Tritt","doi":"10.3390/su16188119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188119","url":null,"abstract":"The morphogenetic diversity of an area often determines its high geodiversity, which is subsequently used for geotourism. Areas where geotourism is being intentionally developed note the funded impacts resulting from increased interest in the area by tourists. This paper presents a morphogenetically diverse area that has been formed by glacial activity, cosmic factors—meteorite impacts, fluvial factors and anthropogenic factors—especially those related to industrial activities and settlement processes. In this manuscript, we identified and assessed geosites in the diverse landscape of the Poznań region (Poland), as well as analyzed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in relation to possible activities aimed at the development of geotourism. The multi-criteria assessment of existing and proposed geosites and SWOT analysis was used by us to assess geotourism development potential in this genetically highly diverse landscape. The work presented here demonstrates that not all formally created geosites by geological institutions are potentially attractive from the point of view of geotourism. The main factors that reduce the attractiveness of geosites are the lack of recreational infrastructure, poor accessibility and low educational values. The spectacularity of geosites is most often determined by their aesthetic value, representativeness, rareness and paleogeographical interest. The Poznań region has a high potential for the development of geotourism due to its valuable sites (Morasko Meteorite Reserve, Dziewicza Hill, post-mining area Szachty, Genius Loci and Ostrów Tumski); however, there is a need to develop a geotourism development strategy in the area. Given the morphogenetic diversity of the study area, there is a need to create a unique landscape geointerpretation center in this part of Europe, with a role in integrating tourism and especially geotourism activities.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon accounting is critical to manufacturing and achieving a low-carbon transition and lean carbon management. A comprehensive understanding of carbon emissions in manufacturing is essential to calculate a product’s carbon footprint accurately. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, this study divides the whole process of mechanical products from parts to finished products into three stages: parts (P), assembly (A), and testing (T). By decomposing each stage’s carbon emission sources and combining each stage’s characteristics, a series of corresponding carbon emission accounting models is established. Finally, the three-stage carbon emission model of the manufacturing process of a three-piece ball valve is established, and the validity and feasibility of the proposed model are verified. The results show that raw material consumption, energy consumption, and transportation are the primary sources of carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of three-piece ball valves, accounting for 35.6%, 38.8%, and 17.6%, respectively. The corresponding carbon emissions were 17.854 kgCO2e, 19.405 kgCO2e, and 8.8 kgCO2e, respectively. Through these results, we can provide some theoretical and data support for the low-carbon transformation of manufacturing enterprises as well as some research ideas for realizing low-carbon production through process planning and shop scheduling.
{"title":"Carbon Emission Accounting Model of Three-Stage Mechanical Products for Manufacturing Process","authors":"Minjie Wang, Yuanbo Wu, Bin Wang","doi":"10.3390/su16188101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188101","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon accounting is critical to manufacturing and achieving a low-carbon transition and lean carbon management. A comprehensive understanding of carbon emissions in manufacturing is essential to calculate a product’s carbon footprint accurately. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, this study divides the whole process of mechanical products from parts to finished products into three stages: parts (P), assembly (A), and testing (T). By decomposing each stage’s carbon emission sources and combining each stage’s characteristics, a series of corresponding carbon emission accounting models is established. Finally, the three-stage carbon emission model of the manufacturing process of a three-piece ball valve is established, and the validity and feasibility of the proposed model are verified. The results show that raw material consumption, energy consumption, and transportation are the primary sources of carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of three-piece ball valves, accounting for 35.6%, 38.8%, and 17.6%, respectively. The corresponding carbon emissions were 17.854 kgCO2e, 19.405 kgCO2e, and 8.8 kgCO2e, respectively. Through these results, we can provide some theoretical and data support for the low-carbon transformation of manufacturing enterprises as well as some research ideas for realizing low-carbon production through process planning and shop scheduling.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Travel time variability (TTV) is a crucial indicator of transportation network performance, assessing travel time reliability and delays. This study investigates TTV metrics within the context of shared mobility using probe data from transportation network companies (TNCs) in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Dallas–Fort Worth. Eight reliability metrics are analyzed and compared for each origin–destination (OD) pair in the network, including standard deviation (SD), the Planning Time Index (PTI), the Travel Time Index (TTI), the Buffer Index (BI), On-time Measures PR (alpha), and the Misery Index (MI), to evaluate their effectiveness in clustering OD pairs using K-means clustering. The findings confirm that SD, PTI, and MI are particularly effective in measuring travel time reliability and clustering within urban systems. This study identifies the most unbalanced supply–demand OD pairs/regions in each city, noting that low/medium-SD clusters around metropolitan airports indicate stable travel times even in high-demand zones, while high-SD clusters in downtown areas reveal significant traffic demands and unreliability. These patterns become more pronounced in study areas with multiple city centers. This study highlights the need for targeted strategies to enhance travel time reliability, particularly in regions like Dallas–Fort Worth, where public transportation alternatives are limited.
旅行时间变异性（TTV）是交通网络性能的一个重要指标，可评估旅行时间的可靠性和延误情况。本研究利用芝加哥、洛杉矶和达拉斯-沃斯堡的运输网络公司（TNCs）的探测数据，研究了共享交通背景下的 TTV 指标。研究分析并比较了网络中每个出发地-目的地（OD）对的八个可靠性指标，包括标准偏差（SD）、计划时间指数（PTI）、旅行时间指数（TTI）、缓冲指数（BI）、准时措施 PR（alpha）和痛苦指数（MI），以评估它们在使用 K-means 聚类对 OD 对进行聚类时的有效性。研究结果证实，SD、PTI 和 MI 在测量城市系统内的旅行时间可靠性和聚类方面尤为有效。本研究确定了每个城市中供需最不平衡的 OD 对/区域，注意到大都市机场周围的低/中标度聚类表明即使在高需求区也有稳定的旅行时间，而市中心区的高标度聚类则揭示了显著的交通需求和不可靠性。在有多个城市中心的研究区域，这些模式变得更加明显。这项研究强调，需要采取有针对性的策略来提高旅行时间的可靠性，尤其是在达拉斯-沃斯堡这样公共交通选择有限的地区。
{"title":"Travel Time Variability in Urban Mobility: Exploring Transportation System Reliability Performance Using Ridesharing Data","authors":"Yuxin Sun, Ying Chen","doi":"10.3390/su16188103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188103","url":null,"abstract":"Travel time variability (TTV) is a crucial indicator of transportation network performance, assessing travel time reliability and delays. This study investigates TTV metrics within the context of shared mobility using probe data from transportation network companies (TNCs) in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Dallas–Fort Worth. Eight reliability metrics are analyzed and compared for each origin–destination (OD) pair in the network, including standard deviation (SD), the Planning Time Index (PTI), the Travel Time Index (TTI), the Buffer Index (BI), On-time Measures PR (alpha), and the Misery Index (MI), to evaluate their effectiveness in clustering OD pairs using K-means clustering. The findings confirm that SD, PTI, and MI are particularly effective in measuring travel time reliability and clustering within urban systems. This study identifies the most unbalanced supply–demand OD pairs/regions in each city, noting that low/medium-SD clusters around metropolitan airports indicate stable travel times even in high-demand zones, while high-SD clusters in downtown areas reveal significant traffic demands and unreliability. These patterns become more pronounced in study areas with multiple city centers. This study highlights the need for targeted strategies to enhance travel time reliability, particularly in regions like Dallas–Fort Worth, where public transportation alternatives are limited.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andre Baldermann, Ronny Boch, Volker Reinprecht, Claudia Baldermann
The monitoring of carbon emissions is increasingly becoming a sustainability issue worldwide. Despite being largely unnoticed, the toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO) is ubiquitous in mechanized tunnel driving, but the individual sources, release and enrichment mechanisms are often unknown. In this study, the generation of CO from organic matter containing sedimentary rocks was investigated during mechanized tunnel driving and by reacting claystone and sandstone with 10 mM NaCl solutions for 2 months at 70 °C and 140 °C. The mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the solids and fluids was assessed by CO measurements and the XRD, DTA, TOC, IC and ICP-OES methods. The CO concentration in the atmosphere reached up to 1920 ppm (100 ppm on average) during tunnel driving, which is more than three times higher than the legal daily average dose for tunnellers, thus requiring occupational safety operations. Mineral-specific dissolution processes and the rapid decomposition of labile organic matter upon thermal alteration contributed to the liberation of CO and also carbon dioxide (CO2) from the host rocks. In mechanized tunnel driving, frictional heat and ‘cold’ combustion with temperatures reaching 50–70 °C at the drill head is an important mechanism for increased CO and CO2 generation, especially during drilling in sedimentary rocks containing significant amounts of OM and when the ventilation of the tunnel atmosphere and air mixing are limited. Under such conditions, human health damage due to CO exposure (HHDCO) can be 30 times higher compared to tunnel outlets, where CO is emitted from traffic.
碳排放监测正日益成为全球范围内的一个可持续发展问题。一氧化碳（CO）这种有毒气体在隧道机械化行驶过程中无处不在，但其来源、释放和富集机制却往往不为人知。本研究调查了在隧道机械化掘进过程中，通过在 70 °C 和 140 °C 温度下将粘土岩和砂岩与 10 mM NaCl 溶液反应 2 个月，从含有有机物的沉积岩中产生一氧化碳的情况。通过 CO 测量和 XRD、DTA、TOC、IC 和 ICP-OES 方法评估了固体和流体的矿物学和地球化学演变。在隧道开挖过程中，大气中的一氧化碳浓度高达 1920 ppm（平均 100 ppm），比隧道工人的法定日平均剂量高出三倍多，因此需要进行职业安全操作。特定矿物的溶解过程和热蚀作用下易变有机物的快速分解，导致二氧化碳和二氧化碳（CO2）从母岩中释放出来。在机械化隧道掘进过程中，摩擦热和 "冷 "燃烧（钻头温度达到 50-70 °C）是一氧化碳和二氧化碳生成增加的重要机制，尤其是在含有大量有机物的沉积岩中钻进时，以及在隧道大气通风和空气混合受到限制的情况下。在这种条件下，与隧道出口相比，因接触一氧化碳（HHDCO）而对人体健康造成的损害可能要高出 30 倍，因为隧道出口处的一氧化碳是由交通排放的。
{"title":"Mechanism of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Generation and Potential Human Health Hazard during Mechanized Tunnel Driving in Organic-Rich Rocks: Field and Laboratory Study","authors":"Andre Baldermann, Ronny Boch, Volker Reinprecht, Claudia Baldermann","doi":"10.3390/su16188107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188107","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of carbon emissions is increasingly becoming a sustainability issue worldwide. Despite being largely unnoticed, the toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO) is ubiquitous in mechanized tunnel driving, but the individual sources, release and enrichment mechanisms are often unknown. In this study, the generation of CO from organic matter containing sedimentary rocks was investigated during mechanized tunnel driving and by reacting claystone and sandstone with 10 mM NaCl solutions for 2 months at 70 °C and 140 °C. The mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the solids and fluids was assessed by CO measurements and the XRD, DTA, TOC, IC and ICP-OES methods. The CO concentration in the atmosphere reached up to 1920 ppm (100 ppm on average) during tunnel driving, which is more than three times higher than the legal daily average dose for tunnellers, thus requiring occupational safety operations. Mineral-specific dissolution processes and the rapid decomposition of labile organic matter upon thermal alteration contributed to the liberation of CO and also carbon dioxide (CO2) from the host rocks. In mechanized tunnel driving, frictional heat and ‘cold’ combustion with temperatures reaching 50–70 °C at the drill head is an important mechanism for increased CO and CO2 generation, especially during drilling in sedimentary rocks containing significant amounts of OM and when the ventilation of the tunnel atmosphere and air mixing are limited. Under such conditions, human health damage due to CO exposure (HHDCO) can be 30 times higher compared to tunnel outlets, where CO is emitted from traffic.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Aleksić, Branimir Kalaš, Nenad Đokić, Nikola Milićević, Nemanja Berber
Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be examined from the point of view of the fundamental philosophy of business and society, many companies focus solely on profit. The main goal of this research is the investigation of the relationship between CSR and organizational financial performance, and the role of customer satisfaction in the proposed relationship. To investigate the proposed relationships, PLS–SEM analysis was performed using the statistical software Smart PLS. The sample used for this study consists of 165 large companies that operate in the Republic of Serbia, each with more than 250 employees (large organizations). The obtained results showed that in companies in Serbia, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between CSR and customer satisfaction and a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between CSR and financial performance. Regarding the mediating role of customer satisfaction in explaining the relationship between CSR and financial performance, a positive full mediation relationship was found. Theoretical and managerial implications are also provided.
{"title":"The Mediation Effect of Customer Satisfaction in the Relationship between CSR and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study in Large Companies in Serbia","authors":"Marko Aleksić, Branimir Kalaš, Nenad Đokić, Nikola Milićević, Nemanja Berber","doi":"10.3390/su16188113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188113","url":null,"abstract":"Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be examined from the point of view of the fundamental philosophy of business and society, many companies focus solely on profit. The main goal of this research is the investigation of the relationship between CSR and organizational financial performance, and the role of customer satisfaction in the proposed relationship. To investigate the proposed relationships, PLS–SEM analysis was performed using the statistical software Smart PLS. The sample used for this study consists of 165 large companies that operate in the Republic of Serbia, each with more than 250 employees (large organizations). The obtained results showed that in companies in Serbia, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between CSR and customer satisfaction and a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between CSR and financial performance. Regarding the mediating role of customer satisfaction in explaining the relationship between CSR and financial performance, a positive full mediation relationship was found. Theoretical and managerial implications are also provided.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oriana Mosca, Emiliane Rubat du Mérac, Maria Luisa Pedditzi, Carla Meloni, Cristina Isoni, Stefano Livi, Ferdinando Fornara
This research aims to verify the effect of outdoor green teaching experiences on school affective qualities, perceived restorativeness, school climate, and global well-being in a sample of school teachers. A comparison was conducted between teachers who work mainly indoors and those who frequently run school activities outdoors in green spaces. A sample of kindergarten and primary school teachers working in different Italian regions (n = 209) filled in an online questionnaire including the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS-11), the Scale of Affective Qualities of Place, and the Revised School Level Environment Questionnaire (RSLEQ). Zero-order correlations, preliminary descriptive analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare teachers conducting Outdoor Education (vs. teachers conducting only or almost always indoor education), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were carried out on the measured variables. Results from ANOVAs evidenced that teachers conducting outdoor green education show higher levels of perceived affective qualities and restorativeness than teachers working mainly indoors. The model tested through SEM analysis showed that positive affective qualities attributed to the school are associated with higher levels of restorativeness and this, in turn, is linked to a more positive perception of social relationships at school, which increases life satisfaction. Overall, these outcomes support previous research demonstrating the beneficial psychological effects of nature experiences, also in the school environment.
本研究旨在验证户外绿色教学体验对学校教师样本的学校情感品质、感知恢复性、学校氛围和全球幸福感的影响。研究对主要在室内工作的教师和经常在户外绿地开展学校活动的教师进行了比较。在意大利不同地区工作的幼儿园和小学教师样本（n = 209）填写了一份在线问卷，其中包括生活满意度量表（SWLS）、感知恢复性量表（PRS-11）、场所情感质量量表和修订版学校环境问卷（RSLEQ）。对测量变量进行了零阶相关分析、初步描述性方差分析（ANOVA）以比较开展户外教育的教师（与只开展或几乎总是开展室内教育的教师），以及结构方程模型（SEM）。方差分析结果表明，与主要在室内工作的教师相比，开展户外绿色教育的教师表现出更高的感知情感质量和恢复能力。通过 SEM 分析测试的模型显示，学校的积极情感品质与较高的恢复性相关联，而这又与对学校社会关系的更积极感知相关联，从而提高了生活满意度。总之，这些结果支持了之前的研究，证明了自然体验对心理的有益影响，在学校环境中也是如此。
{"title":"A Comparison of Outdoor Green and Indoor Education: Psycho-Environmental Impact on Kindergarten and Primary Schools Teachers","authors":"Oriana Mosca, Emiliane Rubat du Mérac, Maria Luisa Pedditzi, Carla Meloni, Cristina Isoni, Stefano Livi, Ferdinando Fornara","doi":"10.3390/su16188106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188106","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to verify the effect of outdoor green teaching experiences on school affective qualities, perceived restorativeness, school climate, and global well-being in a sample of school teachers. A comparison was conducted between teachers who work mainly indoors and those who frequently run school activities outdoors in green spaces. A sample of kindergarten and primary school teachers working in different Italian regions (n = 209) filled in an online questionnaire including the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS-11), the Scale of Affective Qualities of Place, and the Revised School Level Environment Questionnaire (RSLEQ). Zero-order correlations, preliminary descriptive analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare teachers conducting Outdoor Education (vs. teachers conducting only or almost always indoor education), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were carried out on the measured variables. Results from ANOVAs evidenced that teachers conducting outdoor green education show higher levels of perceived affective qualities and restorativeness than teachers working mainly indoors. The model tested through SEM analysis showed that positive affective qualities attributed to the school are associated with higher levels of restorativeness and this, in turn, is linked to a more positive perception of social relationships at school, which increases life satisfaction. Overall, these outcomes support previous research demonstrating the beneficial psychological effects of nature experiences, also in the school environment.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maheshika Senanayake, Iman Harymawan, Gregor Dorfleitner, Seungsoo Lee, Jay Hyuk Rhee, Yong Sik Ok
Loss of biodiversity and natural degradation are vital issues that have significant impacts on society and economy. Businesses, investors, and regulators have focused on corporate efforts to support biodiversity and nature-positive activities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of biodiversity for businesses, its materiality, and the roles of mandatory and nonmandatory regulations in corporate environmental reporting and sustainability disclosure frameworks. It also discusses descriptive information on the evolution of sustainability frameworks by comparing the most prominent sustainability frameworks, with a key focus on the materiality approach and biodiversity-related disclosure recommendations. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for more holistic approaches to improve future sustainability frameworks focusing on the impact of biodiversity. Additionally, we demonstrate the necessity for greater focus on the decision-making paradigm. Further research to measure the impact of biodiversity and innovative trends in sustainability reporting is required to better reflect nature-positive outcomes in corporate sector businesses.
{"title":"Toward More Nature-Positive Outcomes: A Review of Corporate Disclosure and Decision Making on Biodiversity","authors":"Maheshika Senanayake, Iman Harymawan, Gregor Dorfleitner, Seungsoo Lee, Jay Hyuk Rhee, Yong Sik Ok","doi":"10.3390/su16188110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188110","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of biodiversity and natural degradation are vital issues that have significant impacts on society and economy. Businesses, investors, and regulators have focused on corporate efforts to support biodiversity and nature-positive activities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of biodiversity for businesses, its materiality, and the roles of mandatory and nonmandatory regulations in corporate environmental reporting and sustainability disclosure frameworks. It also discusses descriptive information on the evolution of sustainability frameworks by comparing the most prominent sustainability frameworks, with a key focus on the materiality approach and biodiversity-related disclosure recommendations. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for more holistic approaches to improve future sustainability frameworks focusing on the impact of biodiversity. Additionally, we demonstrate the necessity for greater focus on the decision-making paradigm. Further research to measure the impact of biodiversity and innovative trends in sustainability reporting is required to better reflect nature-positive outcomes in corporate sector businesses.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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