Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art007
Prabhadevi C. Maganur
Stem cells, also known as progenitor/precursor cells, have the unique trait of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. Dental stem cells (DSCs) are holding a pivotal role during recent times as they thrive as the cornerstone for the development of cell transplantation therapies that correct periodontal disorders and damaged dentin. DSCs are used therapeutically for different organ systems and numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, diabetes, liver disease, bone tissue engineering, and dentistry. In dentistry, the focus is on predominantly regenerating the pulp and damaged dentin, repairing perforations, and periodontal regenerations. Above all, whole tooth regeneration has been constantly under research. The next decade could be a crucial junction where huge leaps in stem cell-based regenerative therapies could become a reality with successful tissue engineering therapies this could be a biological alternative to synthetic materials that are in use currently. But dental stem cells have their share of challenges for which the research must happen effectively adhering to social responsibilities at all levels. Keywords: Stem cells, Regeneration, Regenerative therapy, SHED.
{"title":"Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy","authors":"Prabhadevi C. Maganur","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art007","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells, also known as progenitor/precursor cells, have the unique trait of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. Dental stem cells (DSCs) are holding a pivotal role during recent times as they thrive as the cornerstone for the development of cell transplantation therapies that correct periodontal disorders and damaged dentin. DSCs are used therapeutically for different organ systems and numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, diabetes, liver disease, bone tissue engineering, and dentistry. In dentistry, the focus is on predominantly regenerating the pulp and damaged dentin, repairing perforations, and periodontal regenerations. Above all, whole tooth regeneration has been constantly under research. The next decade could be a crucial junction where huge leaps in stem cell-based regenerative therapies could become a reality with successful tissue engineering therapies this could be a biological alternative to synthetic materials that are in use currently. But dental stem cells have their share of challenges for which the research must happen effectively adhering to social responsibilities at all levels. Keywords: Stem cells, Regeneration, Regenerative therapy, SHED.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84418177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art006
C. Moyo
This study employed a mixed-methods technique to examine the spectrum of mathematics anxiety levels felt and expressed by Zimbabwean students studying Ordinary level mathematics. Ninety-one pupils from forms 3 and 4 (N = 91) made up the convenient sample; of them, 41 were male and 50 were female. The instrument used was the Hopko-adapted amalgamated mathematics anxiety scale (aMAS) (2003). While focus group conversations were audio recorded and transcribed to explore in-depth, social settings and learning environments that cause anxiety, the quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, version 23.0. The key categories were then thematically classified and analysed with quantitative information. To test a hypothesis based on the data, an independent samples t-test was run to see whether males and females’ anxiety levels differed by mean. The results showed that the participants experienced significant mathematics anxiety, and many situations—including parental and social pressure, instructional methods, and learning environments—reinforce math fear. Findings also show that, society exerts significant pressure on learners due to high expectations of success in mathematics. Additionally, some teachers were viewed as fuelling the anxiety through their repertoire and that classroom environments may unintentionally cause discomfort to mathematically challenge peers. Interesting suggestions were made by respondents regarding how to help people with math anxiety. The study offers a compelling case for its relevance to teacher education, research, and instructional practice. The study also recommends conducting comparative studies as one method of comprehending the issue. Keywords: Cognitive achievement, Mathematics-anxiety, Teaching-learning, Gender issues, Social phenomena.
{"title":"Secondary School Students’ Mathematics Anxiety: A Zimbabwean Perspective","authors":"C. Moyo","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art006","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed a mixed-methods technique to examine the spectrum of mathematics anxiety levels felt and expressed by Zimbabwean students studying Ordinary level mathematics. Ninety-one pupils from forms 3 and 4 (N = 91) made up the convenient sample; of them, 41 were male and 50 were female. The instrument used was the Hopko-adapted amalgamated mathematics anxiety scale (aMAS) (2003). While focus group conversations were audio recorded and transcribed to explore in-depth, social settings and learning environments that cause anxiety, the quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, version 23.0. The key categories were then thematically classified and analysed with quantitative information. To test a hypothesis based on the data, an independent samples t-test was run to see whether males and females’ anxiety levels differed by mean. The results showed that the participants experienced significant mathematics anxiety, and many situations—including parental and social pressure, instructional methods, and learning environments—reinforce math fear. Findings also show that, society exerts significant pressure on learners due to high expectations of success in mathematics. Additionally, some teachers were viewed as fuelling the anxiety through their repertoire and that classroom environments may unintentionally cause discomfort to mathematically challenge peers. Interesting suggestions were made by respondents regarding how to help people with math anxiety. The study offers a compelling case for its relevance to teacher education, research, and instructional practice. The study also recommends conducting comparative studies as one method of comprehending the issue. Keywords: Cognitive achievement, Mathematics-anxiety, Teaching-learning, Gender issues, Social phenomena.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73799653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art002
Victor Oghenenyerovwome Iki
This study assesses marketing strategies that can be adopted in marketing occupational therapy (OT); ascertains the target of OT marketing efforts and identified the barriers to client-centredness in OT. All these were with the view to investigate the extent to which marketing OT services influence client-centredness in Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 33 currently licensed and practicing OT practitioners in Nigeria who responded to questions like the types of marketing strategies that OT can adopt, target for OT marketing efforts, the extent to which marketing OT can influence client-centredness, and barriers to client-centredness in OT. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics while the major objective of the study was tested using a one-way analysis of variance. The results of this survey showed that marketing strategies like building relationships with physicians and professionals allied to medicine, improving quality of service and professionalism, and digital marketing/internet have a significant effect on client-centredness in terms of occupational therapists’ desire for professionalism in practice, and respect for client’s subjective experience in occupational performance; targets for OT marketing efforts are clients, physicians and professionals allied to medicine, donors, community services, business managers, developers and investors, policy makers, insurance companies, and attorneys; and barriers to client-centredness in OT are inefficiency of the facility, lack of client demand to contribute during goal-setting and decision making, clients are not aware of client-centredness, indifference and lack of motivation of clients toward achieving occupational performance amongst others. In conclusion, marketing occupational therapy services can significantly affect client-centredness in Nigeria. Keywords: Client-centredness, Marketing, Nigeria, Occupational therapy, Services.
{"title":"Effect of Marketing Occupational Therapy Services on Client-Centredness in Nigeria","authors":"Victor Oghenenyerovwome Iki","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art002","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses marketing strategies that can be adopted in marketing occupational therapy (OT); ascertains the target of OT marketing efforts and identified the barriers to client-centredness in OT. All these were with the view to investigate the extent to which marketing OT services influence client-centredness in Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 33 currently licensed and practicing OT practitioners in Nigeria who responded to questions like the types of marketing strategies that OT can adopt, target for OT marketing efforts, the extent to which marketing OT can influence client-centredness, and barriers to client-centredness in OT. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics while the major objective of the study was tested using a one-way analysis of variance. The results of this survey showed that marketing strategies like building relationships with physicians and professionals allied to medicine, improving quality of service and professionalism, and digital marketing/internet have a significant effect on client-centredness in terms of occupational therapists’ desire for professionalism in practice, and respect for client’s subjective experience in occupational performance; targets for OT marketing efforts are clients, physicians and professionals allied to medicine, donors, community services, business managers, developers and investors, policy makers, insurance companies, and attorneys; and barriers to client-centredness in OT are inefficiency of the facility, lack of client demand to contribute during goal-setting and decision making, clients are not aware of client-centredness, indifference and lack of motivation of clients toward achieving occupational performance amongst others. In conclusion, marketing occupational therapy services can significantly affect client-centredness in Nigeria. Keywords: Client-centredness, Marketing, Nigeria, Occupational therapy, Services.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87840944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art008
S. Vishwanathaiah
Despite millions of people suffering from dental caries and periodontitis to date, we don’t have effective treatments that guarantee complete restoration of the impacted tissues. The current procedures mostly help in delaying the disease progress, and hence, bringing alternative approaches for whole tooth replacement has become indispensable. Considering the scenario, regenerative medicine seems to be the novel approach, given its innovative therapeutic techniques that aid in the repair and replacement of damaged, aged, diseased, or congenitally defective tissues and organs. While we are yet to overcome various challenges, including effective ways to control the size, color, and shape of the tooth and come up with the perfect implantation sites for the jaw to enable in vitro tooth development, the ongoing research and their favorable results reveal that whole-tooth regeneration and bioengineered functional tooth are not a distant dream. Keywords: Regeneration, Regenerative therapy, Scaffolds, Tissue engineering.
{"title":"Regenerative Therapy in Dentistry: A Review","authors":"S. Vishwanathaiah","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art008","url":null,"abstract":"Despite millions of people suffering from dental caries and periodontitis to date, we don’t have effective treatments that guarantee complete restoration of the impacted tissues. The current procedures mostly help in delaying the disease progress, and hence, bringing alternative approaches for whole tooth replacement has become indispensable. Considering the scenario, regenerative medicine seems to be the novel approach, given its innovative therapeutic techniques that aid in the repair and replacement of damaged, aged, diseased, or congenitally defective tissues and organs. While we are yet to overcome various challenges, including effective ways to control the size, color, and shape of the tooth and come up with the perfect implantation sites for the jaw to enable in vitro tooth development, the ongoing research and their favorable results reveal that whole-tooth regeneration and bioengineered functional tooth are not a distant dream. Keywords: Regeneration, Regenerative therapy, Scaffolds, Tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75729787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art001
Nathan Manzambi Ndongala
RAT-SQL is among the popular framework used in the Text-To-SQL challenges for jointly encoding the database relations and questions in a way to improve the semantic parser. In this work, we propose a light version of the RAT-SQL where we dramatically reduced the number of the preexisting relations from 55 to 7 (Light RAT-SQL-7) while preserving the same parsing accuracy. To ensure the effectiveness of our approach, we trained a Light RAT-SQL-2, (with 2 embeddings) to show that there is a statistically significant difference between RAT-SQL and Light RAT-SQL-2 while Light RAT-SQL-7 can compete with RAT-SQL. Keywords: Deep learning, Natural Language Processing, Neural Semantic Parsing, Relation Aware Transformer, RAT-SQL, Text-To-SQL, Transformer.
{"title":"Light RAT-SQL: A RAT-SQL with More Abstraction and Less Embedding of Pre-existing Relations","authors":"Nathan Manzambi Ndongala","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art001","url":null,"abstract":"RAT-SQL is among the popular framework used in the Text-To-SQL challenges for jointly encoding the database relations and questions in a way to improve the semantic parser. In this work, we propose a light version of the RAT-SQL where we dramatically reduced the number of the preexisting relations from 55 to 7 (Light RAT-SQL-7) while preserving the same parsing accuracy. To ensure the effectiveness of our approach, we trained a Light RAT-SQL-2, (with 2 embeddings) to show that there is a statistically significant difference between RAT-SQL and Light RAT-SQL-2 while Light RAT-SQL-7 can compete with RAT-SQL. Keywords: Deep learning, Natural Language Processing, Neural Semantic Parsing, Relation Aware Transformer, RAT-SQL, Text-To-SQL, Transformer.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76192172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art003
Daniela Lungu
Patient safety is a crucial component of healthcare delivery aimed at minimizing and preventing medical errors that can cause harm or injury to patients. This systematic review identified 50 studies that evaluated interventions aimed at improving patient safety in healthcare settings, including medication reconciliation, surgical safety checklists, hand hygiene programs, and electronic health record systems. The findings suggest that most interventions led to significant improvements in patient safety outcomes, including a reduction in adverse events and preventable harm. Evidence-based measures to improve patient safety include effective communication, hand hygiene, medication safety, patient identification, fall prevention, surgical safety, infection control, and staff training. The implementation of these measures can help improve patient safety and reduce the risk of harm to patients in healthcare settings. Further research is needed to identify the most effective interventions and to evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on patient outcomes. Keywords: Adverse events, Interventions, Medical errors, Patient safety, Preventable harm.
{"title":"Patient Safety: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Evidence based Measures to Improve Patient Safety in Healthcare Settings","authors":"Daniela Lungu","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art003","url":null,"abstract":"Patient safety is a crucial component of healthcare delivery aimed at minimizing and preventing medical errors that can cause harm or injury to patients. This systematic review identified 50 studies that evaluated interventions aimed at improving patient safety in healthcare settings, including medication reconciliation, surgical safety checklists, hand hygiene programs, and electronic health record systems. The findings suggest that most interventions led to significant improvements in patient safety outcomes, including a reduction in adverse events and preventable harm. Evidence-based measures to improve patient safety include effective communication, hand hygiene, medication safety, patient identification, fall prevention, surgical safety, infection control, and staff training. The implementation of these measures can help improve patient safety and reduce the risk of harm to patients in healthcare settings. Further research is needed to identify the most effective interventions and to evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on patient outcomes. Keywords: Adverse events, Interventions, Medical errors, Patient safety, Preventable harm.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art002
Isa Mohammed Bello
Achieving universal health care (UHC) coverage has been at the forefront of the United Nations (UN) agenda for 2030. Inequality in health care service provision continues to increase, hence militating against the achievement of reducing unequal access to health care. Access is a critical component of the healthcare delivery system that is impacted by both spatial and non-spatial elements. This study utilized health facilities, population, and other open-source data to analyze the distribution and spatial accessibility of healthcare service centers by using Geospatial technologies in the Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State - Nigeria. Two traveling scenarios (Driving and Walking) were used to determine the travel time to the nearest health facilities, defined within a maximum of 30 minutes traveling time using AccessMod (Online) and ArcGIS Pro. It was found that 87% and 75% of the population are within 15 and 30 minutes of travel time by driving and walking, respectively, while 1.3% of the population are outside a 15 km radius of any health facility with a ratio of 1 to 4,454 population to a health facility. The result shows a significant spatial disparity in geographic accessibility and spatial coverage, with some parts of the rural areas not having access to the existing health facility network, regardless of the travel scenario chosen. This will offer an innovative approach to reducing gaps in healthcare access and subsequently enhance the efficient and effective delivery of healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to achieve UHC. Keywords: AccessMod, Bauchi Local Government Area, Geographic Accessibility, Health Facilities, Spatial Coverage, Universal Health Coverage.
{"title":"Modelling Geographic Accessibility of Primary Health Care Facilities in Bauchi Local Government Area","authors":"Isa Mohammed Bello","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art002","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving universal health care (UHC) coverage has been at the forefront of the United Nations (UN) agenda for 2030. Inequality in health care service provision continues to increase, hence militating against the achievement of reducing unequal access to health care. Access is a critical component of the healthcare delivery system that is impacted by both spatial and non-spatial elements. This study utilized health facilities, population, and other open-source data to analyze the distribution and spatial accessibility of healthcare service centers by using Geospatial technologies in the Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State - Nigeria. Two traveling scenarios (Driving and Walking) were used to determine the travel time to the nearest health facilities, defined within a maximum of 30 minutes traveling time using AccessMod (Online) and ArcGIS Pro. It was found that 87% and 75% of the population are within 15 and 30 minutes of travel time by driving and walking, respectively, while 1.3% of the population are outside a 15 km radius of any health facility with a ratio of 1 to 4,454 population to a health facility. The result shows a significant spatial disparity in geographic accessibility and spatial coverage, with some parts of the rural areas not having access to the existing health facility network, regardless of the travel scenario chosen. This will offer an innovative approach to reducing gaps in healthcare access and subsequently enhance the efficient and effective delivery of healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to achieve UHC. Keywords: AccessMod, Bauchi Local Government Area, Geographic Accessibility, Health Facilities, Spatial Coverage, Universal Health Coverage.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79159241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art006
Tshipamba Njila Sebastien
In 2015 Namibia reported 55 deaths due to cervical cancer, and the prevalence of HIV was 13,3% among adults aged between 15 -49. There is an increased risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV, the prevalence of this type of cancer and the association with risk factors is unknown at the Omaruru Hospital. High prevalence of HPV infection, advanced HIV disease, tobacco, multiple sexual partners, parity, and poor socio-economic conditions are listed among contributing factors that increase morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer, which can be controlled & cured if diagnosed early. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of cervical Cancer among HIV-positive women on ARVs and assess the risk factors contributing to the emergence of cervix cancer in this population. The approach methodologic used was a retrospective cross-sectional of 49 women randomly selected among those who were done pap smears at the Omaruru ART clinic between August 2016 to August 2017. There was no positive result for cervical cancers found. Hence, the prevalence of HPV was found to be 16,32%, with Cervical dysplasia 3 cases of CIN I and 5 cases of CIN II with no association established with risk factors, and a case of CIN II in a primigravida with multiple sexual partners were found. To conclude, a meaningful analysis with STATA 14 revealed no positive results for cervical cancer from the 49 cases with no risk factors association established,30.61% of negative HPV (30 - 39 years;28.57% (40-50 years), CIN II aged 30 to 39 years (4%);4% (40- 50 years) 2% above 50 years old. The HPV prevalence (16,32%,),3 cases of CIN 1, and 5 cases of CIN II are indicators that more efforts need to be made. Keywords: Cervical cancer prevalence, Cervical cancer screening, HPV prevalence, HIV women on antiretroviral treatment, primigravida, multiple sexual partners.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cervical Cancer and Associating Factors among HIV Infected Women of Omaruru District in Namibia","authors":"Tshipamba Njila Sebastien","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art006","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015 Namibia reported 55 deaths due to cervical cancer, and the prevalence of HIV was 13,3% among adults aged between 15 -49. There is an increased risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV, the prevalence of this type of cancer and the association with risk factors is unknown at the Omaruru Hospital. High prevalence of HPV infection, advanced HIV disease, tobacco, multiple sexual partners, parity, and poor socio-economic conditions are listed among contributing factors that increase morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer, which can be controlled & cured if diagnosed early. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of cervical Cancer among HIV-positive women on ARVs and assess the risk factors contributing to the emergence of cervix cancer in this population. The approach methodologic used was a retrospective cross-sectional of 49 women randomly selected among those who were done pap smears at the Omaruru ART clinic between August 2016 to August 2017. There was no positive result for cervical cancers found. Hence, the prevalence of HPV was found to be 16,32%, with Cervical dysplasia 3 cases of CIN I and 5 cases of CIN II with no association established with risk factors, and a case of CIN II in a primigravida with multiple sexual partners were found. To conclude, a meaningful analysis with STATA 14 revealed no positive results for cervical cancer from the 49 cases with no risk factors association established,30.61% of negative HPV (30 - 39 years;28.57% (40-50 years), CIN II aged 30 to 39 years (4%);4% (40- 50 years) 2% above 50 years old. The HPV prevalence (16,32%,),3 cases of CIN 1, and 5 cases of CIN II are indicators that more efforts need to be made. Keywords: Cervical cancer prevalence, Cervical cancer screening, HPV prevalence, HIV women on antiretroviral treatment, primigravida, multiple sexual partners.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84216198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art003
J. Musengimana
The coronavirus (Covid-19) is a pandemic that threatens many people’s lives. The objective of this study was to explore the Covid-19 psycho-social impact on Staff working in the United Nations in Burundi from October 2021 to 31st January 2022. This was a cross-sectional study involving 312 study participants. Univariate and bivariate analysis were processed using SPSS 25, and the Chi-square test was calculated with a p<0.05. As a result, all psycho-social components assessed were affected by Covid-19. The Staff experienced a very high level of psycho-social impact (very severe) which varied from 31% for being afraid of financial problems and unhappiness due to missing professional support from colleagues to 47% for being afraid of a family member infected by Covid-19. Also, we assessed their particularity of psycho-social impact due to the exposure of being clinical or non-clinical Staff, whereby, clinical Staff had a lower risk of being affected compared to the non-clinical Staff in some components. For instance, clinical Staff was 0.39 times more affected by fear of being infected by Covid-19 compared to non-clinical Staff (CI= (0.23,0.65). Also, there are some components where the impacts were similar for clinical and non-clinical Staff (Chi-square test p-value > 0.05 and CI of odds ratios cross 1). Thus, UN employees were negatively affected by Covid-19 from a psycho-social standpoint. The study recommends UN agencies in Burundi support staff by providing emergency psychological support and, if required to give medical treatment for job optimization. Hence, staff psycho-social status must be constantly checked and kept stable. Keywords: Covid-19, Impact, Psycho-social, Staff, United Nations.
{"title":"Covid-19 Psycho-social Impact among United Nations Staff in Burundi","authors":"J. Musengimana","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art003","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus (Covid-19) is a pandemic that threatens many people’s lives. The objective of this study was to explore the Covid-19 psycho-social impact on Staff working in the United Nations in Burundi from October 2021 to 31st January 2022. This was a cross-sectional study involving 312 study participants. Univariate and bivariate analysis were processed using SPSS 25, and the Chi-square test was calculated with a p<0.05. As a result, all psycho-social components assessed were affected by Covid-19. The Staff experienced a very high level of psycho-social impact (very severe) which varied from 31% for being afraid of financial problems and unhappiness due to missing professional support from colleagues to 47% for being afraid of a family member infected by Covid-19. Also, we assessed their particularity of psycho-social impact due to the exposure of being clinical or non-clinical Staff, whereby, clinical Staff had a lower risk of being affected compared to the non-clinical Staff in some components. For instance, clinical Staff was 0.39 times more affected by fear of being infected by Covid-19 compared to non-clinical Staff (CI= (0.23,0.65). Also, there are some components where the impacts were similar for clinical and non-clinical Staff (Chi-square test p-value > 0.05 and CI of odds ratios cross 1). Thus, UN employees were negatively affected by Covid-19 from a psycho-social standpoint. The study recommends UN agencies in Burundi support staff by providing emergency psychological support and, if required to give medical treatment for job optimization. Hence, staff psycho-social status must be constantly checked and kept stable. Keywords: Covid-19, Impact, Psycho-social, Staff, United Nations.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86419379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art004
Babasaheb Ghodke
The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health have been apparent from the beginning. Housework and social constraints Implemented an important pandemic issue would be being unprepared. Future physical health and longevity are predicted by mental health. It would portend ongoing pandemic health problems. India has rules about social segregation and lockdowns that affect the economy, the people, and the environment. When the environment is unhealthy, it hurts the economy and people’s lives. In May 2021, 1.49 percent of cases in this state ended in death. As of May 2022, there have been 78,77,577 cases in Maharashtra, and 1,47,842 people have died. The present study tried to find out that the Covid-19 pandemic has influenced depression, anxiety, and stress levels in elders. The goal of this study is to find out how Covid-19 affects the amount of stress, anxiety, and depression in the elderly population. Data were collected from rural and urban hospitals by using a questionnaire that captured general information about the participants and a DASS-21 questionnaire. Collected data is calculated using the chi-square test and DASS interpretation is carried out. The current study discovered that a significant proportion of the elderly suffer from stress, anxiety, and depression, symptoms in the geriatric population because of Covid-19 when compared to stress scale or depression in rural & urban areas, in Maharashtra. More research may be carried out to reflect the psychological status of the geriatric population to validate the study’s conclusions. Keywords: Anxiety, Covid 19, Depression, Pandemic, Stress.
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