Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art005
Samah Abdelrahman Hassan Ibrahim
The nitric oxide produced by the endothelial nitric synthase (NOS3) gene helps to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF) after traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The aim is to determine the prognostic role of NOS3 894 G>T gene in traumatic hemorrhagic contusion and outcome. A cross-sectional study was conducted for 90 patients who attended the National Centre for Neurological Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan. Non-Sudanese patients, hemorrhagic contusions associated with other types of brain bleeding, and patients with chronic disease were excluded. An initial CT scan was used upon admission to detect brain edema, anatomical site, and the number of contusions. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was used upon admission to assess the trauma severity. The Glasgow outcomes scale (GOS) was used upon discharge to assess the outcome. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for NOS3 genotyping. The result shows that 93.3% of patients were male, while 32.2% of them were female. It further indicates that 58.9 % had a mild injury; 60% of the patients were presented with frontal lobe injury, 14.4% had multiple sites injury, and 22.2% had brain edema. The number of deaths was 8 (8.9%). The genotyping of NOS3 revealed that 94.4% of patients had homozygous GG and 5.6% heterozygous GT. G allele represented 97.2% of NOS3 alleles. NOS3 894 G>T genotypes were not significantly associated with patients, linguistic afflation’ and outcome. The study concluded that NOS3 894G>T gene has no prognostic role in traumatic hemorrhagic contusion and outcome. Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase gene, Traumatic brain injury, Glasgow coma scale, Glasgow outcomes scale.
{"title":"Role of NOS3 894G>T Gene Polymorphism in Traumatic Cerebral Hemorrhagic Contusion Khartoum, Sudan, 2020-2021","authors":"Samah Abdelrahman Hassan Ibrahim","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art005","url":null,"abstract":"The nitric oxide produced by the endothelial nitric synthase (NOS3) gene helps to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF) after traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The aim is to determine the prognostic role of NOS3 894 G>T gene in traumatic hemorrhagic contusion and outcome. A cross-sectional study was conducted for 90 patients who attended the National Centre for Neurological Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan. Non-Sudanese patients, hemorrhagic contusions associated with other types of brain bleeding, and patients with chronic disease were excluded. An initial CT scan was used upon admission to detect brain edema, anatomical site, and the number of contusions. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was used upon admission to assess the trauma severity. The Glasgow outcomes scale (GOS) was used upon discharge to assess the outcome. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for NOS3 genotyping. The result shows that 93.3% of patients were male, while 32.2% of them were female. It further indicates that 58.9 % had a mild injury; 60% of the patients were presented with frontal lobe injury, 14.4% had multiple sites injury, and 22.2% had brain edema. The number of deaths was 8 (8.9%). The genotyping of NOS3 revealed that 94.4% of patients had homozygous GG and 5.6% heterozygous GT. G allele represented 97.2% of NOS3 alleles. NOS3 894 G>T genotypes were not significantly associated with patients, linguistic afflation’ and outcome. The study concluded that NOS3 894G>T gene has no prognostic role in traumatic hemorrhagic contusion and outcome. Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase gene, Traumatic brain injury, Glasgow coma scale, Glasgow outcomes scale.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87977827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art001
Murukesu M Margapandu
The study’s objective is to evaluate the clinical effect and application of acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain disorders in terms of effectiveness and safety. A narrative review of RCTs in which acupuncture was used as an intervention for patients with shoulder pain disorders (SPD) was conducted. All randomised controlled trials that evaluate the effects of acupuncture for shoulder pain disorders compared with controls were included. The primary outcomes were pain and shoulder function. Based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria, 22 randomised control trials involving 1801 participants that evaluated the effects of acupuncture for various shoulder pain disorders were retrieved from various databases, and the intervention and results were examined. Eleven studies found that acupuncture treatment had significantly greater effects when compared with other therapies or treatments. Nine studies showed that, when combined with other therapies or treatments, the acupuncture group showed a better therapeutic effect than the therapy group itself. The results also show that acupuncture treatment can produce the same therapeutic effects as physical therapy, manual therapy, the uses of tropical NSAIDs, oral medications, and corticosteroid injections. No serious adverse events were observed. The findings indicated that acupuncture could be a safe and effective treatment for shoulder pain disorders by reducing pain and restoring shoulder functions. The results are consistent with those of past literature reviews. Although there is some evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for shoulder pain disorders, the level of evidence is still low. Due to several limitations and heterogeneity, the results are inconclusive, and therefore the findings need to be interpreted with caution. Future large-scale studies should be more rigorous and well-designed RCTs with high-quality studies, a longer study duration with more subjects, an ideal standardised treatment regimen, and transparent reporting. Keywords: Acupuncture, Shoulder pain, Shoulder disorders, Acupuncture safety, Alternatives therapies, Traditional Chinese medicine, Pain relief.
{"title":"A Critical Analysis of the Clinical Effect and Application of Acupuncture Treatment for Shoulder Pain Disorders in Adults","authors":"Murukesu M Margapandu","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.01.art001","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s objective is to evaluate the clinical effect and application of acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain disorders in terms of effectiveness and safety. A narrative review of RCTs in which acupuncture was used as an intervention for patients with shoulder pain disorders (SPD) was conducted. All randomised controlled trials that evaluate the effects of acupuncture for shoulder pain disorders compared with controls were included. The primary outcomes were pain and shoulder function. Based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria, 22 randomised control trials involving 1801 participants that evaluated the effects of acupuncture for various shoulder pain disorders were retrieved from various databases, and the intervention and results were examined. Eleven studies found that acupuncture treatment had significantly greater effects when compared with other therapies or treatments. Nine studies showed that, when combined with other therapies or treatments, the acupuncture group showed a better therapeutic effect than the therapy group itself. The results also show that acupuncture treatment can produce the same therapeutic effects as physical therapy, manual therapy, the uses of tropical NSAIDs, oral medications, and corticosteroid injections. No serious adverse events were observed. The findings indicated that acupuncture could be a safe and effective treatment for shoulder pain disorders by reducing pain and restoring shoulder functions. The results are consistent with those of past literature reviews. Although there is some evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for shoulder pain disorders, the level of evidence is still low. Due to several limitations and heterogeneity, the results are inconclusive, and therefore the findings need to be interpreted with caution. Future large-scale studies should be more rigorous and well-designed RCTs with high-quality studies, a longer study duration with more subjects, an ideal standardised treatment regimen, and transparent reporting. Keywords: Acupuncture, Shoulder pain, Shoulder disorders, Acupuncture safety, Alternatives therapies, Traditional Chinese medicine, Pain relief.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83572242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art012
Adeniyi, D.S.
Hesitancy against the Covid-19 vaccines cuts across all nations of the world, but this may not be unconnected to the trolls of misinformation and politicization surrounding the Covid-19 science. Findings from this study reveal that 84.7% of the study population lacks adequate information about the Covid-19 vaccines. 50% of the study population is skeptical about the safety of the Covid-19 vaccines. 100% of the study participants make use of the internet and other social media platforms for their sources of news information. 55.3% of the study population would follow the advice of their healthcare workers pertaining to the Covid-19 vaccines. 26.7% of the study population would listen to instructions given by their parents pertaining to the Covid-19 vaccines, while 20.7% of the study population would follow the guidance of their religious leaders respectively. Thus, the main drivers of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Southern Nigeria are a lack of correct information about the Covid-19 vaccines, misinformation on social media platforms, resistance from religious leaders and parents, and a lack of support for the Covid-19 vaccine uptake on the part of healthcare workers. It is, therefore, imperative that in order to overcome the present challenge, the population of Southern Nigeria should be educated on Covid-19 related subjects and engaged with health promotion initiatives. While accepting the Covid-19 vaccines by the hesitant populations in Southern Nigeria is largely dependent upon the attitudes and influences of religious leaders, parents, and healthcare workers, a much larger study is required to fully establish the ramifications of these important findings. Keywords: Covid-19, Healthcare Workers, Immunization, SARS-CoV-2, Southern Nigeria, Vaccine Hesitancy.
{"title":"Drivers of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Adeniyi, D.S.","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art012","url":null,"abstract":"Hesitancy against the Covid-19 vaccines cuts across all nations of the world, but this may not be unconnected to the trolls of misinformation and politicization surrounding the Covid-19 science. Findings from this study reveal that 84.7% of the study population lacks adequate information about the Covid-19 vaccines. 50% of the study population is skeptical about the safety of the Covid-19 vaccines. 100% of the study participants make use of the internet and other social media platforms for their sources of news information. 55.3% of the study population would follow the advice of their healthcare workers pertaining to the Covid-19 vaccines. 26.7% of the study population would listen to instructions given by their parents pertaining to the Covid-19 vaccines, while 20.7% of the study population would follow the guidance of their religious leaders respectively. Thus, the main drivers of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Southern Nigeria are a lack of correct information about the Covid-19 vaccines, misinformation on social media platforms, resistance from religious leaders and parents, and a lack of support for the Covid-19 vaccine uptake on the part of healthcare workers. It is, therefore, imperative that in order to overcome the present challenge, the population of Southern Nigeria should be educated on Covid-19 related subjects and engaged with health promotion initiatives. While accepting the Covid-19 vaccines by the hesitant populations in Southern Nigeria is largely dependent upon the attitudes and influences of religious leaders, parents, and healthcare workers, a much larger study is required to fully establish the ramifications of these important findings. Keywords: Covid-19, Healthcare Workers, Immunization, SARS-CoV-2, Southern Nigeria, Vaccine Hesitancy.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77164572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art003
Rodrigue Kalumendo
This research aimed to identify the determinants of technology usage among SME employees in the North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. We based our model on the Technology Acceptance Model. In addition to perceived usefulness and ease of use, the proposed model includes relative advantage as a predictor of technology usage. This study used the PLS-SEM method to test the proposed hypotheses from 247 responses. The results confirmed the hypotheses. The research findings demonstrate a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and use, perceived ease of use and use, and relative advantages and use of new technologies. Congolese SME managers can rely on these findings to highlight these key determinants in promoting technology usage among SMEs in a country where technology usage by businesses remains low. Keywords: Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Relative advantages, SI adoption, Technology.
{"title":"Predictive Factors of IT Systems Adoption by SME Employees in Developing Countries: Evidence from SME Employees in North Kivu, DRC","authors":"Rodrigue Kalumendo","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art003","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to identify the determinants of technology usage among SME employees in the North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. We based our model on the Technology Acceptance Model. In addition to perceived usefulness and ease of use, the proposed model includes relative advantage as a predictor of technology usage. This study used the PLS-SEM method to test the proposed hypotheses from 247 responses. The results confirmed the hypotheses. The research findings demonstrate a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and use, perceived ease of use and use, and relative advantages and use of new technologies. Congolese SME managers can rely on these findings to highlight these key determinants in promoting technology usage among SMEs in a country where technology usage by businesses remains low. Keywords: Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Relative advantages, SI adoption, Technology.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80397616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art007
Bontango Kweme Frederic
Introduction: Hygiene is an essential element of public health that could reduce transmission of several diseases and their consequences. In Sub-Saharan Africa, water and sanitation-related diseases are highly prevalent, causing illness, disease and even death. The main objective of this study is to assess knowledge about hygiene in context of Covid-19 in catchment area of Kaziba health centre from January to October 2021. Materials and Method: our study was descriptive and prospective cross-sectional. A random sampling was carried out to collect data through survey questionnaire with 384 participants. Data was captured in Excel spreadsheet and imported into SPSS for analysis. Results: 93.2% of households had heard about hygiene. 43.8% of households did not know correct definition of hygiene. 98.4% of households had a toilet within the courtyard which ¾ were traditional. 53.1% of toilets had cleaning material. 72.1% of households washed their hands using soap (50.5%). 68.5% of households did not know the WHO’s handwashing technique. 57.3% of households had running water. 61.2% of water well or fountain were protected. 37% of households disposed their wastewater in the public places. More than ¾ of heads of households knew waterborne diseases. Negligence of environmental sanitation was 79.2%. 66.4% of households suffered from poor hygiene-related diseases such as Covid-19 (6.5%). Conclusion: poor of knowledge about hygiene in the population of this catchment area due to the existence of certain diseases related to poor hygiene observed in our results. There is need to increase awareness channels on hygienic practices and environmental sanitation. Keywords: Covid-19, Household, Hygiene, health, Kaziba.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge about Hygiene during Covid-19 Pandemic in Catchment Area of Kaziba Health Centre","authors":"Bontango Kweme Frederic","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hygiene is an essential element of public health that could reduce transmission of several diseases and their consequences. In Sub-Saharan Africa, water and sanitation-related diseases are highly prevalent, causing illness, disease and even death. The main objective of this study is to assess knowledge about hygiene in context of Covid-19 in catchment area of Kaziba health centre from January to October 2021. Materials and Method: our study was descriptive and prospective cross-sectional. A random sampling was carried out to collect data through survey questionnaire with 384 participants. Data was captured in Excel spreadsheet and imported into SPSS for analysis. Results: 93.2% of households had heard about hygiene. 43.8% of households did not know correct definition of hygiene. 98.4% of households had a toilet within the courtyard which ¾ were traditional. 53.1% of toilets had cleaning material. 72.1% of households washed their hands using soap (50.5%). 68.5% of households did not know the WHO’s handwashing technique. 57.3% of households had running water. 61.2% of water well or fountain were protected. 37% of households disposed their wastewater in the public places. More than ¾ of heads of households knew waterborne diseases. Negligence of environmental sanitation was 79.2%. 66.4% of households suffered from poor hygiene-related diseases such as Covid-19 (6.5%). Conclusion: poor of knowledge about hygiene in the population of this catchment area due to the existence of certain diseases related to poor hygiene observed in our results. There is need to increase awareness channels on hygienic practices and environmental sanitation. Keywords: Covid-19, Household, Hygiene, health, Kaziba.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83170058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art005
Adeniyi, D.S.
The rapid development of the Covid-19 vaccine candidates through new and improved technologies and the rapidity with which these vaccine candidates were trialed and approved for public administration was highly commendable. However, the rapid administration of the Covid-19 vaccines raises a lot of concern among various world populations. This concern, relating directly to the safety and intents of the big pharmaceutical companies and governments, has led to the greatest form of health promotion initiative resistance in recorded human history. The universal level of hesitancy against the Covid-19 vaccines is now a subject of major concern among public health experts. This study which seeks to identify factors fostering Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy was conducted among the COVID-19 vaccine hesitant populations in Northern Nigeria. Findings from this study indicate that 84% of the study population makes use of the internet and other social media platforms for their news information sources. 42% of the study population would follow the guidance of their healthcare workers on issues relating to the Covid-19 vaccines. Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria is largely fostered by a lack of appropriate information and a huge knowledge gap about the Covid-19 vaccines. It is, therefore, imperative that Government engages the young people of Northern Nigeria as critical stakeholders in the fight against Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy. Proper and tailored health educational programs, and meaningful engagements of religious leaders, parents, and healthcare workers in health promotion activities can help overcome the current challenge of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria. Keywords: Covid-19, Healthcare Workers, Immunization, Vaccine, Northern Nigeria, Vaccine Hesitancy.
{"title":"Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Nigeria","authors":"Adeniyi, D.S.","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art005","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of the Covid-19 vaccine candidates through new and improved technologies and the rapidity with which these vaccine candidates were trialed and approved for public administration was highly commendable. However, the rapid administration of the Covid-19 vaccines raises a lot of concern among various world populations. This concern, relating directly to the safety and intents of the big pharmaceutical companies and governments, has led to the greatest form of health promotion initiative resistance in recorded human history. The universal level of hesitancy against the Covid-19 vaccines is now a subject of major concern among public health experts. This study which seeks to identify factors fostering Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy was conducted among the COVID-19 vaccine hesitant populations in Northern Nigeria. Findings from this study indicate that 84% of the study population makes use of the internet and other social media platforms for their news information sources. 42% of the study population would follow the guidance of their healthcare workers on issues relating to the Covid-19 vaccines. Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria is largely fostered by a lack of appropriate information and a huge knowledge gap about the Covid-19 vaccines. It is, therefore, imperative that Government engages the young people of Northern Nigeria as critical stakeholders in the fight against Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy. Proper and tailored health educational programs, and meaningful engagements of religious leaders, parents, and healthcare workers in health promotion activities can help overcome the current challenge of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Northern Nigeria. Keywords: Covid-19, Healthcare Workers, Immunization, Vaccine, Northern Nigeria, Vaccine Hesitancy.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87330706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art011
Karla Boswell-Lewis
Globally, instructional leadership is critical to the educational reform agenda of schools. The purpose of this study was to ascertain educators’ perceived effectiveness of virtual instructional leadership training on school leadership in Jamaica during the Covid-19 pandemic. It also sought to examine if there are statistically significant differences in the scores of the composite dependent (instructional resource provider; maintain visible presence; professional development; maximize instructional time; monitoring students’ progress; feedback on teaching learning; curriculum implementation) based on school level, capacity in which educators work and gender. The instrument used to collect data for this study was adopted by the researcher. The instrument was converted into a Google Form to make it easier for distribution and data collection. The authors reported that the instrument achieved reliability of Cronbach Alpha amongst the tenets ranging from 0.87-0.80. Overall, the instruments’ reliability statistic is. 95. The data was analyzed using weighted means and MANOVA. The results revealed that the educators rated four dimensions of the instructional leadership scale High, maintaining visible presence; professional development; feedback on teaching learning, and curriculum implementation. In addition, instructional resource provider; maximize instructional time, and monitoring students’ progress were rated moderate. Another finding of this study is that there is no statistically significant difference in the scores of the composite dependent variables based on school level, capacity served, and gender. Another implication of the finding of this research is that principals must ensure that instructional time is maximized by managing and planning for instruction, assessment, and other teacher-student activities while developing strong relationships with teachers and students by rewarding them for achieving targets. Keywords: Covid 19 Pandemic, Curriculum implementation, Feedback on teaching and learning, Instructional resource provider, Maintain visible presence, Maximize instructional time, Monitoring students’ progress, Professional development, Virtual instructional leadership.
{"title":"Impact of Training on Virtual Instructional Leadership in Jamaica During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Karla Boswell-Lewis","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art011","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, instructional leadership is critical to the educational reform agenda of schools. The purpose of this study was to ascertain educators’ perceived effectiveness of virtual instructional leadership training on school leadership in Jamaica during the Covid-19 pandemic. It also sought to examine if there are statistically significant differences in the scores of the composite dependent (instructional resource provider; maintain visible presence; professional development; maximize instructional time; monitoring students’ progress; feedback on teaching learning; curriculum implementation) based on school level, capacity in which educators work and gender. The instrument used to collect data for this study was adopted by the researcher. The instrument was converted into a Google Form to make it easier for distribution and data collection. The authors reported that the instrument achieved reliability of Cronbach Alpha amongst the tenets ranging from 0.87-0.80. Overall, the instruments’ reliability statistic is. 95. The data was analyzed using weighted means and MANOVA. The results revealed that the educators rated four dimensions of the instructional leadership scale High, maintaining visible presence; professional development; feedback on teaching learning, and curriculum implementation. In addition, instructional resource provider; maximize instructional time, and monitoring students’ progress were rated moderate. Another finding of this study is that there is no statistically significant difference in the scores of the composite dependent variables based on school level, capacity served, and gender. Another implication of the finding of this research is that principals must ensure that instructional time is maximized by managing and planning for instruction, assessment, and other teacher-student activities while developing strong relationships with teachers and students by rewarding them for achieving targets. Keywords: Covid 19 Pandemic, Curriculum implementation, Feedback on teaching and learning, Instructional resource provider, Maintain visible presence, Maximize instructional time, Monitoring students’ progress, Professional development, Virtual instructional leadership.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81021547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art002
Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi
The harmless potential of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used in MRI studies was remarkable until when gadolinium was detected in the brain, bones, and skin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four GBCAs on the liver, heart, and kidney of Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats weighing 165-239 g were divided into 4 experimental and control groups after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR). Specimens in the experimental groups received 2.5 mls / day of one GBCA and the control same normal saline through the lateral tail for 5 days consecutively / week. The Livers, Hearts and Kidneys were harvested 4 weeks following last injection. Pathohistology showed all kidney tissues exposed to Gadopentetate, 80 % to Gadodiamide, and 40 % to Dotarem and Cyclolux were inflamed. Sixty percent Gadodiamide and Doterem to the liver tissue, 50 % and 20 % to Gadopentetate and Cyclolux also inflamed. Samples exposed to Gadopentetate and Dotarem had 50 and 40 % of their heart tissue inflamed. Only those to Gadodiamide and Cyclolux were not affected. Injuries like necrosis, degeneration, and hypertrophy were also noted in all the tissues. All GBCAs were statistically significant in all tissue studied. Gadolinium-based contrast agents had a weak negative correlation with inflamed and degenerated tissues, also a weak positive correlation with hypertrophied tissue, but a moderate positive correlation with necrosis tissues of the kidney, liver, and heart. Keywords: Contrast agents, Heart, Histopathology, Kidney, Liver, Magnetic resonance imaging.
在MRI研究中使用的钆基造影剂(GBCA)的无害潜力是显著的，直到在大脑，骨骼和皮肤中检测到钆。本研究旨在评价四种gbca对Wistar大鼠肝、心、肾的影响。25只体重165 ~ 239 g的雄性Wistar大鼠经尼日利亚医学研究所(NIMR)机构审查委员会(IRB)伦理批准后，分为4个实验组和对照组。实验组经侧尾注射一种GBCA 2.5 ml / d，对照组注射等量生理盐水，连续5天/周。最后一次注射后4周取肝、心和肾。病理组织学显示，所有肾脏组织暴露于加多戊酸，80%的加多二胺，40%的多他仑和环乐克斯炎症。60%的加多二胺和Doterem作用于肝脏组织，50%和20%的加多二胺和Cyclolux也会引起炎症。暴露于Gadopentetate和Dotarem的样本有50%和40%的心脏组织发炎。只有服用Gadodiamide和Cyclolux的患者不受影响。所有组织均出现坏死、变性和肥厚等损伤。所有gbca在所有研究组织中均具有统计学意义。钆基造影剂与炎症、变性组织呈弱负相关，与肥厚组织呈弱正相关，与肾、肝、心组织坏死呈中度正相关。关键词:造影剂，心脏，组织病理学，肾，肝，磁共振成像。
{"title":"Effects of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents on the Kidney, Liver, and Heart of Wistar Rats","authors":"Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art002","url":null,"abstract":"The harmless potential of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used in MRI studies was remarkable until when gadolinium was detected in the brain, bones, and skin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four GBCAs on the liver, heart, and kidney of Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats weighing 165-239 g were divided into 4 experimental and control groups after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR). Specimens in the experimental groups received 2.5 mls / day of one GBCA and the control same normal saline through the lateral tail for 5 days consecutively / week. The Livers, Hearts and Kidneys were harvested 4 weeks following last injection. Pathohistology showed all kidney tissues exposed to Gadopentetate, 80 % to Gadodiamide, and 40 % to Dotarem and Cyclolux were inflamed. Sixty percent Gadodiamide and Doterem to the liver tissue, 50 % and 20 % to Gadopentetate and Cyclolux also inflamed. Samples exposed to Gadopentetate and Dotarem had 50 and 40 % of their heart tissue inflamed. Only those to Gadodiamide and Cyclolux were not affected. Injuries like necrosis, degeneration, and hypertrophy were also noted in all the tissues. All GBCAs were statistically significant in all tissue studied. Gadolinium-based contrast agents had a weak negative correlation with inflamed and degenerated tissues, also a weak positive correlation with hypertrophied tissue, but a moderate positive correlation with necrosis tissues of the kidney, liver, and heart. Keywords: Contrast agents, Heart, Histopathology, Kidney, Liver, Magnetic resonance imaging.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85248548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art009
Adwell Libbohole
Heavy metal pollution of water bodies is a common problem in Zambia, whose economy depends on copper mining. Removal of Cu2+ ions from the solution via adsorption using iron oxide ore was investigated. The composition of the adsorbent was determined by XRF and ICP-OES. Iron oxide had predominantly Fe2O3 at 60 % with less than 3% of SiO2 and Al2O3. The Cu2+ ion concentrations were measured before and after adsorption using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The effects of initial concentration, pH, acid activation, and thermal activation of the adsorbent on adsorption were investigated. A decrease in the adsorption of Cu2+ ions with an increase in the initial concentration of adsorbate (Cu2+) was observed. The adsorption of Cu2+ ions on acid-activated Iron oxide compared to thermally activated iron oxide ranged from 83-73%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu2+ ions was pH dependent with an optimum pH of 7. Acid activation of the adsorbent had better absorptivity since acids cause mineral dissolution, which increases the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent. Iron Oxide adsorbents have the potential to the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Adsorption, Copper ions, Heavy metals, Iron oxide, Pollution.
{"title":"Adsorptive Removal of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution using Acid and Thermally Activated Iron Oxide Sand","authors":"Adwell Libbohole","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art009","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal pollution of water bodies is a common problem in Zambia, whose economy depends on copper mining. Removal of Cu2+ ions from the solution via adsorption using iron oxide ore was investigated. The composition of the adsorbent was determined by XRF and ICP-OES. Iron oxide had predominantly Fe2O3 at 60 % with less than 3% of SiO2 and Al2O3. The Cu2+ ion concentrations were measured before and after adsorption using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The effects of initial concentration, pH, acid activation, and thermal activation of the adsorbent on adsorption were investigated. A decrease in the adsorption of Cu2+ ions with an increase in the initial concentration of adsorbate (Cu2+) was observed. The adsorption of Cu2+ ions on acid-activated Iron oxide compared to thermally activated iron oxide ranged from 83-73%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu2+ ions was pH dependent with an optimum pH of 7. Acid activation of the adsorbent had better absorptivity since acids cause mineral dissolution, which increases the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent. Iron Oxide adsorbents have the potential to the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Adsorption, Copper ions, Heavy metals, Iron oxide, Pollution.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78668724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art004
Karla Boswell-Lewis
Principals have been called upon to utilize their personal leadership resources in Jamaican schools during the novel Corona Virus pandemic. This crisis has forced a radical shift in the landscape of school leadership and management not only in Jamaica but globally. The purpose of this descriptive quantitative study was to ascertain the impact of Covid-19 on principals’ level of compassion and care, openness and communication, adaptiveness, resilience and courage, consultation and collaboration, empowerment, and decisiveness. Additionally, it sought to assess whether there were differences in these leadership attributes based on school level, region, and gender. A 24-item questionnaire developed and validated by Balasubramanian and Fernandes (2022) and achieved an overall Cronbach Alpha of .84 was used to collect data. The sample included 50 principals and vice principals selected conveniently from the 7 regions 18 completed and returned the questionnaire, 15 females and 3 males. The data were coded and imported into the SPSS, version 27, and were screened, cleaned, and analyzed using weighted means and standard deviations and MANOVA. The mean ranges for interpretation include: 1.00 – 2.33 = Low Attribute; 2.34 – 3.67 = Moderate Attribute and 3.68 – 5.00 = High Attribute. The results showed that the principal participants scored high on leadership attributes. These findings hold critical and practical lessons for handling future crises. They show that effective leaders in many schools can function effectively in a crisis given that the policy makers provide adequate guidance and regulations with a relevant resources. Keywords: Adaptiveness, Compassion and care, Consultation and collaboration, Empowerment and Decisiveness, Openness and Communication, Resilience, and Courage.
{"title":"The Impact of Covid 19 on School Administrators’ Leadership Attributes in Selected Schools in Jamaica","authors":"Karla Boswell-Lewis","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art004","url":null,"abstract":"Principals have been called upon to utilize their personal leadership resources in Jamaican schools during the novel Corona Virus pandemic. This crisis has forced a radical shift in the landscape of school leadership and management not only in Jamaica but globally. The purpose of this descriptive quantitative study was to ascertain the impact of Covid-19 on principals’ level of compassion and care, openness and communication, adaptiveness, resilience and courage, consultation and collaboration, empowerment, and decisiveness. Additionally, it sought to assess whether there were differences in these leadership attributes based on school level, region, and gender. A 24-item questionnaire developed and validated by Balasubramanian and Fernandes (2022) and achieved an overall Cronbach Alpha of .84 was used to collect data. The sample included 50 principals and vice principals selected conveniently from the 7 regions 18 completed and returned the questionnaire, 15 females and 3 males. The data were coded and imported into the SPSS, version 27, and were screened, cleaned, and analyzed using weighted means and standard deviations and MANOVA. The mean ranges for interpretation include: 1.00 – 2.33 = Low Attribute; 2.34 – 3.67 = Moderate Attribute and 3.68 – 5.00 = High Attribute. The results showed that the principal participants scored high on leadership attributes. These findings hold critical and practical lessons for handling future crises. They show that effective leaders in many schools can function effectively in a crisis given that the policy makers provide adequate guidance and regulations with a relevant resources. Keywords: Adaptiveness, Compassion and care, Consultation and collaboration, Empowerment and Decisiveness, Openness and Communication, Resilience, and Courage.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76106841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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