Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art010
Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established non-invasive and non-destructive medical imaging modality for the assessment of various organ systems in the human body. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent (GBCA) enhanced and improved images from MRI and was believed to be entirely excreted through urine in normal kidney function within 24 hours after injection. Previous studies identified gadolinium accumulations in the brain, bones, and skin of animals. This study evaluated gadolinium retention in normal kidneys, Liver, and heart of Wistar rats after administration of GBCAs in male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats of ages ≥ 5 weeks or ≤ 6 weeks in 4 experimental and 1 control groups were studied. Ethical considerations were obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Nigeria. Samples in experimental groups each administered 2.5 mls of 4 different GBCAs, and the control group same per day of saline intravenously through the lateral tail for five days a week and continued for 4 weeks. The kidney, Liver, and Heart tissues of these samples were harvested 4 weeks after the last injection and sent for spectrometry evaluation. Samples in the control group had no gadolinium accumulation. Groups administered gadopentetate dimeglumine, and gadodiamide had greater cardiac metrics (0.397 and 0.390). The higher renal metric was experienced by samples that received dotarem and cyclolux (0.397 and 0.377), though the sample exposed to cyclolux reported more Liver metric (0.407) than other concentrations. Wistar rats’ Kidneys, Liver, and Heart retained gadolinium weeks after injection of GBCAs. Keywords: Dotarem and Cyclolux, Gadolinium, Gadodiamide, Gadopentetate dimenglumine, Magnetic resonance imaging.
{"title":"Gadolinium Distribution in the Kidney, Liver, and Heart of Wistar Rats after Administration of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents","authors":"Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art010","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established non-invasive and non-destructive medical imaging modality for the assessment of various organ systems in the human body. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent (GBCA) enhanced and improved images from MRI and was believed to be entirely excreted through urine in normal kidney function within 24 hours after injection. Previous studies identified gadolinium accumulations in the brain, bones, and skin of animals. This study evaluated gadolinium retention in normal kidneys, Liver, and heart of Wistar rats after administration of GBCAs in male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats of ages ≥ 5 weeks or ≤ 6 weeks in 4 experimental and 1 control groups were studied. Ethical considerations were obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Nigeria. Samples in experimental groups each administered 2.5 mls of 4 different GBCAs, and the control group same per day of saline intravenously through the lateral tail for five days a week and continued for 4 weeks. The kidney, Liver, and Heart tissues of these samples were harvested 4 weeks after the last injection and sent for spectrometry evaluation. Samples in the control group had no gadolinium accumulation. Groups administered gadopentetate dimeglumine, and gadodiamide had greater cardiac metrics (0.397 and 0.390). The higher renal metric was experienced by samples that received dotarem and cyclolux (0.397 and 0.377), though the sample exposed to cyclolux reported more Liver metric (0.407) than other concentrations. Wistar rats’ Kidneys, Liver, and Heart retained gadolinium weeks after injection of GBCAs. Keywords: Dotarem and Cyclolux, Gadolinium, Gadodiamide, Gadopentetate dimenglumine, Magnetic resonance imaging.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73830053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art008
Mabvuto Katwizi Kango
There are several institutions in Zambia that play an important role in regulating the quality of higher education, including Human Resources for Health (HRH) training. However, there were reports of overlaps in the legal mandates of these institutions. In 2021, one of the institutions, the Higher Education Authority (HEA), responded to this challenge by successfully facilitating the amendment of the laws that regulated the quality of higher education. This research investigated whether the amended laws were still suitable enough to ensure quality in higher education and in HRH training. Keywords: Actors, HRH, Law, Regulators, Training, Quality.
{"title":"Making the Law Work for Human Resources for Health (HRH) Training in Zambia","authors":"Mabvuto Katwizi Kango","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art008","url":null,"abstract":"There are several institutions in Zambia that play an important role in regulating the quality of higher education, including Human Resources for Health (HRH) training. However, there were reports of overlaps in the legal mandates of these institutions. In 2021, one of the institutions, the Higher Education Authority (HEA), responded to this challenge by successfully facilitating the amendment of the laws that regulated the quality of higher education. This research investigated whether the amended laws were still suitable enough to ensure quality in higher education and in HRH training. Keywords: Actors, HRH, Law, Regulators, Training, Quality.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"95 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72547539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art001
Mabvuto Katwizi Kango
This inquiry was conducted following reports that questioned the quality of higher education in Zambia, including the quality of Human Resources for Health (HRH) training. One of the notable reports was from research conducted by the Zambia Medical Association (2019). This inquiry built on all these reports by focusing on the roles of the various regulators (also referred to here as Actors) on how their individual and collective roles can play a role in improving the quality of HRH training in Zambia. Ideally, one does not expect to see any challenges in the quality of HRH training because when reading the acts and mandates of the various actors (summarized in Table 1), such as HPCZ, HEA, ZAQA, and local government authorities, there appears to enough authority to provide quality assurance. The inquiry focused on what could have gone wrong and what could have been improved. Keywords: Actors, Human Resources for Health (HRH), Intersectoral collaboration, Quality, Regulators, Training.
{"title":"An Exploration of the Quality Assurance Roles of the Various Regulators of Human Resources for Health Training in Zambia","authors":"Mabvuto Katwizi Kango","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art001","url":null,"abstract":"This inquiry was conducted following reports that questioned the quality of higher education in Zambia, including the quality of Human Resources for Health (HRH) training. One of the notable reports was from research conducted by the Zambia Medical Association (2019). This inquiry built on all these reports by focusing on the roles of the various regulators (also referred to here as Actors) on how their individual and collective roles can play a role in improving the quality of HRH training in Zambia. Ideally, one does not expect to see any challenges in the quality of HRH training because when reading the acts and mandates of the various actors (summarized in Table 1), such as HPCZ, HEA, ZAQA, and local government authorities, there appears to enough authority to provide quality assurance. The inquiry focused on what could have gone wrong and what could have been improved. Keywords: Actors, Human Resources for Health (HRH), Intersectoral collaboration, Quality, Regulators, Training.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88923717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art006
Andy Saye Gbatu
This critical piece of research paper reviews the literature on the key determinants of finance for Liberia’s rural market. It also takes into account the limitations of the supply of finance for the rural market of Liberia, with the unabated need for the diversification of the Liberian economy in the face of intermittent shocks in the global economy. The study unearthed that investment in agricultural small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will prove adequate in triggering sustainable economic growth and development through poverty alleviation, job creation, and food security which are the drivers of the supply of finance for rural dwellers in Liberia. Notwithstanding, the study found that the supply of finance for Liberian agricultural SMEs is constrained by the lack of creditworthiness information, weak judicial enforcement of contracts and corporate transparency, land ownership, high non-performing loans, and financial literacy. The keywords used in this article include gross domestic product, small and medium-sized enterprises, non-performing loans, inflation, credit rating, bankruptcy, value chain, urbanization, food security, human capital, and risk aversion. Keywords: Bankruptcy, Credit rating, Human capital, Inflation, Small and medium-sized enterprises, Value chain.
{"title":"Access to Finance: The Determinants and Limitations to the Supply Side of Finance for Liberia’s Rural Market","authors":"Andy Saye Gbatu","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art006","url":null,"abstract":"This critical piece of research paper reviews the literature on the key determinants of finance for Liberia’s rural market. It also takes into account the limitations of the supply of finance for the rural market of Liberia, with the unabated need for the diversification of the Liberian economy in the face of intermittent shocks in the global economy. The study unearthed that investment in agricultural small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will prove adequate in triggering sustainable economic growth and development through poverty alleviation, job creation, and food security which are the drivers of the supply of finance for rural dwellers in Liberia. Notwithstanding, the study found that the supply of finance for Liberian agricultural SMEs is constrained by the lack of creditworthiness information, weak judicial enforcement of contracts and corporate transparency, land ownership, high non-performing loans, and financial literacy. The keywords used in this article include gross domestic product, small and medium-sized enterprises, non-performing loans, inflation, credit rating, bankruptcy, value chain, urbanization, food security, human capital, and risk aversion. Keywords: Bankruptcy, Credit rating, Human capital, Inflation, Small and medium-sized enterprises, Value chain.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74644604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art013
Bontango Kweme Frederic
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a virus of the coronavidae family and of the beta coronavirus group, such as those responsible for SARS and MERS. This Covid-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS but with a lower death rate. Covid-19 vaccine is a pharmaceutical tool to control the transmission of Covid-19 among the health personnel and the general population. The acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination remains reluctant among the health personnel. The purposes of this study are to determine the intentions and attitudes of health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination and, to determine the reasons for accepting and refusing Covid-19 vaccination among health personnel in Kaziba Health Zone from 15 to 28 July 2021. Material and methods: our study was descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. A random sampling method was carried out to collect the data through survey questionnaire with 102 health personnel. The data was analyzed with SPSS and Chi-square test was carried out. Results: the intentions and attitudes of the health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination was (31.4%), and the participants who declared the mandatory Covid-19 vaccination was 31.4%. The health personnel who accepted the covid-19 vaccine were 21.6%, however, those who refused was 45.1%. Conclusion: health personnel do not have acceptable intentions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. Only nurses and midwives, physicians and healthcare assistance staff were agreeable to Covid-19 vaccination to control the pandemic. Lack of information was the main refusal reason for Covid-19 vaccination. The health personnel were not willingly too mandatory Covid-19 vaccination. Keywords: Attitudes, Covid-19, Health personnel, Intentions, Kaziba, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination.
{"title":"Attitudes and Intentions of Health Personnel towards Covid-19 Vaccination in Kaziba Health Zone","authors":"Bontango Kweme Frederic","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a virus of the coronavidae family and of the beta coronavirus group, such as those responsible for SARS and MERS. This Covid-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS but with a lower death rate. Covid-19 vaccine is a pharmaceutical tool to control the transmission of Covid-19 among the health personnel and the general population. The acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination remains reluctant among the health personnel. The purposes of this study are to determine the intentions and attitudes of health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination and, to determine the reasons for accepting and refusing Covid-19 vaccination among health personnel in Kaziba Health Zone from 15 to 28 July 2021. Material and methods: our study was descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. A random sampling method was carried out to collect the data through survey questionnaire with 102 health personnel. The data was analyzed with SPSS and Chi-square test was carried out. Results: the intentions and attitudes of the health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination was (31.4%), and the participants who declared the mandatory Covid-19 vaccination was 31.4%. The health personnel who accepted the covid-19 vaccine were 21.6%, however, those who refused was 45.1%. Conclusion: health personnel do not have acceptable intentions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. Only nurses and midwives, physicians and healthcare assistance staff were agreeable to Covid-19 vaccination to control the pandemic. Lack of information was the main refusal reason for Covid-19 vaccination. The health personnel were not willingly too mandatory Covid-19 vaccination. Keywords: Attitudes, Covid-19, Health personnel, Intentions, Kaziba, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78149545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-29DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art014
Andy Saye Gbatu
This study reviews the theoretical literature regarding determinants and the limitations to the demand side of rural finance in Liberia with the coming into effect of the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS). The outcome of this study reveals that education, income level, household assets, and agriculture rank as the outstanding drivers of the demand for finance in Liberia’s rural market. Obviously, the demand for financial services in the rural market of Liberia is very high. However, the demand is limited by a litany of factors such as slow economic growth & lack of job opportunities, poor public infrastructure, structural unemployment, few diversification opportunities, seasonality in agriculture, imperfect information & supervision, and poor social protection and market failures. The keywords used by the author in this article encompass creditworthiness, information asymmetry, financial inclusion, Pareto efficiency, poverty alleviation, and rural finance. Keywords: Credit worthiness, Financial inclusion, Information asymmetry, Pareto efficiency, Poverty alleviation, Rural finance.
{"title":"Access to Finance: Determinants and Limitations to the Demand Side of Finance for Liberia’s Rural Market","authors":"Andy Saye Gbatu","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art014","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews the theoretical literature regarding determinants and the limitations to the demand side of rural finance in Liberia with the coming into effect of the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS). The outcome of this study reveals that education, income level, household assets, and agriculture rank as the outstanding drivers of the demand for finance in Liberia’s rural market. Obviously, the demand for financial services in the rural market of Liberia is very high. However, the demand is limited by a litany of factors such as slow economic growth & lack of job opportunities, poor public infrastructure, structural unemployment, few diversification opportunities, seasonality in agriculture, imperfect information & supervision, and poor social protection and market failures. The keywords used by the author in this article encompass creditworthiness, information asymmetry, financial inclusion, Pareto efficiency, poverty alleviation, and rural finance. Keywords: Credit worthiness, Financial inclusion, Information asymmetry, Pareto efficiency, Poverty alleviation, Rural finance.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75299680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art005
I. Damptey
The media have strong impact on Ghanaians’ voting decisions. Parties in multiple democracies have since harnessed the use of the media in our political process. The objective of the study was to investigate how the media influence voting behavior in the Western North Region of Ghana. In this study, Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research designs. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. A sample size of 404 respondents was studied. The study revealed that voters in the study area have access to communication devices for obtaining information through political campaigns, advertisements on broadcast, social, print, support, and transit media, which all have a significant impact on voting behavior in the study Region. The study revealed that 65.6% of those polled said the media had a major influence on their voting behavior in the 2020 general elections in the research Region. The study also revealed that party affiliation, party manifesto, current economic conditions, family and friends, and current government performance were other factors that influenced voting behavior in the study area apart from the media. The study, therefore, suggested that the technical infrastructure of the media in the study Region be expanded since voters demand increased and improved access to and usage of the media to get information on political parties’ operations in order to shape their voting behavior. Also, media sanity should be strengthened in the study Region.
{"title":"The Influence of Media on Voting Behavior in Ghana: The Case in Western North Region","authors":"I. Damptey","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art005","url":null,"abstract":"The media have strong impact on Ghanaians’ voting decisions. Parties in multiple democracies have since harnessed the use of the media in our political process. The objective of the study was to investigate how the media influence voting behavior in the Western North Region of Ghana. In this study, Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research designs. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. A sample size of 404 respondents was studied. The study revealed that voters in the study area have access to communication devices for obtaining information through political campaigns, advertisements on broadcast, social, print, support, and transit media, which all have a significant impact on voting behavior in the study Region. The study revealed that 65.6% of those polled said the media had a major influence on their voting behavior in the 2020 general elections in the research Region. The study also revealed that party affiliation, party manifesto, current economic conditions, family and friends, and current government performance were other factors that influenced voting behavior in the study area apart from the media. The study, therefore, suggested that the technical infrastructure of the media in the study Region be expanded since voters demand increased and improved access to and usage of the media to get information on political parties’ operations in order to shape their voting behavior. Also, media sanity should be strengthened in the study Region.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84683241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art006
Oluwasegun John Ibitoye
A trusting relationship is required for effective communication between care providers and care seekers, and trust is a determinant of early healthcare-seeking and care outcomes. The patient-Doctor healthcare trust relationship has been widely studied in different settings. However, there is a dearth of information on whether the factors underlying healthcare relationship trust between patients and their doctors are the same as those underlying patients’ trust in other healthcare professionals (including the PPMVs). This study, therefore, aims to assess the level and determinants of healthcare relationship trust between patent medicine vendors and their clients in hard-to-reach settlements in North-western Nigeria. We adapted the revised healthcare relationship trust scale, administered by trained data collectors using android devices. The data were analysed using Stata (version 16). We used the Chi-square test to identify the correlates of the level of trust(high/low), and binary logistic regression was used to identify its determinants. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Slightly above one-quarter (28.1%) of the underserved had high healthcare relationship trust in the PPMVs. Being married, male, residing in a rented or makeshift shelter in Kaduna state, with under-five child(ren) in their household, and self-reporting good health predicted a high level of healthcare relationship trust in PPMVs among the underserved who participated in this study. We concluded that the personal and household characteristics of the underserved could significantly influence their level of trust in PPMV. Therefore, to achieve the aim of improving health outcomes in deprived populations, initiatives seeking to integrate PPMVs into the formal health system in resource-constrained settings should seek to address the determinants of healthcare relationship trust in these populations as part of their rollout process. Keywords: Communities, Hard-to-reach, Healthcare, Trust, Relationship, Workforce.
{"title":"An Assessment of Healthcare Relationship Trust between Patent Medicine Vendors and Residents of Hard-to-Reach Settlements in Northern Nigeria","authors":"Oluwasegun John Ibitoye","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art006","url":null,"abstract":"A trusting relationship is required for effective communication between care providers and care seekers, and trust is a determinant of early healthcare-seeking and care outcomes. The patient-Doctor healthcare trust relationship has been widely studied in different settings. However, there is a dearth of information on whether the factors underlying healthcare relationship trust between patients and their doctors are the same as those underlying patients’ trust in other healthcare professionals (including the PPMVs). This study, therefore, aims to assess the level and determinants of healthcare relationship trust between patent medicine vendors and their clients in hard-to-reach settlements in North-western Nigeria. We adapted the revised healthcare relationship trust scale, administered by trained data collectors using android devices. The data were analysed using Stata (version 16). We used the Chi-square test to identify the correlates of the level of trust(high/low), and binary logistic regression was used to identify its determinants. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Slightly above one-quarter (28.1%) of the underserved had high healthcare relationship trust in the PPMVs. Being married, male, residing in a rented or makeshift shelter in Kaduna state, with under-five child(ren) in their household, and self-reporting good health predicted a high level of healthcare relationship trust in PPMVs among the underserved who participated in this study. We concluded that the personal and household characteristics of the underserved could significantly influence their level of trust in PPMV. Therefore, to achieve the aim of improving health outcomes in deprived populations, initiatives seeking to integrate PPMVs into the formal health system in resource-constrained settings should seek to address the determinants of healthcare relationship trust in these populations as part of their rollout process. Keywords: Communities, Hard-to-reach, Healthcare, Trust, Relationship, Workforce.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75682078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art014
C. Banda
The Government of the Republic of Zambia has been undertaking public sector reforms beginning with Ministries and cascading to State Owned Enterprises such as the Development Bank of Zambia whose main thrust has been to improve service delivery by introducing performance management systems. The Bank has been implementing performance management systems since 2015. Despite these efforts, the Zambian public service is considered inefficient in its quest to deliver services. This study was conducted at Development Bank of Zambia in Lusaka, Zambia. Therefore, the aim of the study was to Evaluate the Implementation of Components of the Performance Management System in the Zambian Public Service: A Case of the Development Bank of Zambia. The study also sought to determine the origins of the concept performance management, define the concept, describe the approaches to performance management, the nature and content of a performance management system, outline the steps to be followed in developing a performance management system, identify the objectives and benefits of implementing the performance management system, identify the general problems associated with the implementation of the performance management system and make recommendations on how to improve the implementation of performance management and suggest areas for further research. Keywords: Public Sector Reforms, Performance Management System, Service Delivery, Zambia.
{"title":"Evaluating the Implementation of Components of the Performance Management System in the Zambian Public Service: A Case Study of Development Bank of Zambia","authors":"C. Banda","doi":"10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art014","url":null,"abstract":"The Government of the Republic of Zambia has been undertaking public sector reforms beginning with Ministries and cascading to State Owned Enterprises such as the Development Bank of Zambia whose main thrust has been to improve service delivery by introducing performance management systems. The Bank has been implementing performance management systems since 2015. Despite these efforts, the Zambian public service is considered inefficient in its quest to deliver services. This study was conducted at Development Bank of Zambia in Lusaka, Zambia. Therefore, the aim of the study was to Evaluate the Implementation of Components of the Performance Management System in the Zambian Public Service: A Case of the Development Bank of Zambia. The study also sought to determine the origins of the concept performance management, define the concept, describe the approaches to performance management, the nature and content of a performance management system, outline the steps to be followed in developing a performance management system, identify the objectives and benefits of implementing the performance management system, identify the general problems associated with the implementation of the performance management system and make recommendations on how to improve the implementation of performance management and suggest areas for further research. Keywords: Public Sector Reforms, Performance Management System, Service Delivery, Zambia.","PeriodicalId":22213,"journal":{"name":"TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73981883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art016
Ramona S. Adams
This paper reports on the findings from focus groups conducted at Texila American University on the attitudes of its medical students towards morning lectures. Students felt that two things were vital for a good lecture: (1) that the lecturer goes beyond what is written in the lecture notes; (2) that the lecture is interactive, by which students meant that the lecturer asks if students understand concepts and adjust the delivery accordingly, and the lecturer answers the students’ questions. The students in the focus groups also discussed what makes for a bad lecture: (1) lecturers reading straight from slides; (2) lecturers who ‘blame the students’ by saying that students don’t work hard enough and are too lazy to turn up to lectures; and (3) lecturers who cover the material too slowly or too quickly. The most prominent reason given for not attending lectures was the timetabling of lectures in such a way that students had too few classes in one day to make the sojourn to university worthwhile and relating to feelings of tiredness each afternoon. Any university seeking to improve attendance at lectures should perhaps look as much to improving its timetabling practices as it does to improve the practices of its individual lecturers. Keywords: Focus groups, Lectures, Student attitudes.
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