Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001394
L. Izci, Şengül Bilgin, Ali Günlü, Soner Çeti̇nkaya, Abdullah Diler, İ. Genç, Y. Bolat
Bu calismada, hamsi baligindan doner yapilmasi ve kalite ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Hamsi baligi donerinde % 52.17 su, % 24.79 ham protein, % 18.62 ham yag ve % 4.28 oraninda ham kul saptanmistir. Muhafaza suresinin sonunda hamsi doner orneklerinde doymus yag asitleri (DYA) icerisinde C16:0, tekli doymamis yag asitleri (TDYA) icerisinde C18:1 n-9 ve coklu doymamis yag asitleri (CDYA) icerisinde ise C22:6 n-3 ’un en yuksek orana sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir. Genel olarak, hamsi donerler orneklerinde Σn6/Σn3 oraninda ve DHA/EPA (dekosahegzaenoik asit, C22:6 n-3/eikosapentaenoik asit, C20:5 n-3) oraninda onemsiz bir degisim tespit edilmistir (P>0.05). Depolama sonunda hamsi doner orneklerinde pH, tiyobarbiturik asit (TBA), toplam ucucu bazik azot (TVB-N) ve trimetilamin azot (TMA-N) degerleri sirasiyla 6.25, 3.53 mg MDA kg-1, 34.03 mg 100 g-1 ve 5.25 mg 100 g-1 olarak saptanmistir. Hamsi doner orneklerinde toplam mezofilik aerob bakteri (TMAB) ve toplam psikrofilik aerob bakteri (TPAB) sayisi depolama ile birlikte artarak muhafaza suresi sonunda sirasiyla 4.82 logkob g-1 ve 4.39 logkob g-1 degerlerine ulasmistir. Maya-kuf ve koliforma ise rastlanilmamistir. Duyusal analiz sonuclarindan panelistlerce hamsi donerin begenildigi anlasilmaktadir. Bu calismada, hamsiden uretilen doner orneklerinin 63.gunde bozuldugu belirlenmistir.
{"title":"Hamsi Balığı (Engraulis encrasicolus) Dönerinin Soğuk Depolama Sırasındaki Kalite Değişimleri","authors":"L. Izci, Şengül Bilgin, Ali Günlü, Soner Çeti̇nkaya, Abdullah Diler, İ. Genç, Y. Bolat","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001394","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismada, hamsi baligindan doner yapilmasi ve kalite ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Hamsi baligi donerinde % 52.17 su, % 24.79 ham protein, % 18.62 ham yag ve % 4.28 oraninda ham kul saptanmistir. Muhafaza suresinin sonunda hamsi doner orneklerinde doymus yag asitleri (DYA) icerisinde C16:0, tekli doymamis yag asitleri (TDYA) icerisinde C18:1 n-9 ve coklu doymamis yag asitleri (CDYA) icerisinde ise C22:6 n-3 ’un en yuksek orana sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir. Genel olarak, hamsi donerler orneklerinde Σn6/Σn3 oraninda ve DHA/EPA (dekosahegzaenoik asit, C22:6 n-3/eikosapentaenoik asit, C20:5 n-3) oraninda onemsiz bir degisim tespit edilmistir (P>0.05). Depolama sonunda hamsi doner orneklerinde pH, tiyobarbiturik asit (TBA), toplam ucucu bazik azot (TVB-N) ve trimetilamin azot (TMA-N) degerleri sirasiyla 6.25, 3.53 mg MDA kg-1, 34.03 mg 100 g-1 ve 5.25 mg 100 g-1 olarak saptanmistir. Hamsi doner orneklerinde toplam mezofilik aerob bakteri (TMAB) ve toplam psikrofilik aerob bakteri (TPAB) sayisi depolama ile birlikte artarak muhafaza suresi sonunda sirasiyla 4.82 logkob g-1 ve 4.39 logkob g-1 degerlerine ulasmistir. Maya-kuf ve koliforma ise rastlanilmamistir. Duyusal analiz sonuclarindan panelistlerce hamsi donerin begenildigi anlasilmaktadir. Bu calismada, hamsiden uretilen doner orneklerinin 63.gunde bozuldugu belirlenmistir.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74190615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu calisma, farkli sulama araliklari (SA1:2 gun, SA2:4 gun ve SA3:6 gun) ve sulama suyu miktarlarinin (S1:Tr×1.50, S2:Tr×1.25, S3:Tr×1.00, S4:Tr×0.75, S5:Tr×0.50, S6:Tr×0.25) sera kosullarinda yetistirilen krizantem bitkisinin kalite parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amaciyla 2011 yilinda yurutulmustur. Calismada, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat turune ait sprey krizantem cesidi olan ‘Bacardi’ kullanilmistir. Sera disi radyasyon degerleri kullanilarak hesaplanan potansiyel bitki su tuketiminin (Tr) farkli oranlari bitkilere sulama suyu olarak uygulanmistir. Deneme konularina gore sulama suyu miktari 192.1-469.4 mm arasinda, olculen bitki su tuketimi (ETa) ise 300.9-510.9 mm arasinda degismistir. Farkli sulama suyu miktarlari ve sulama araliklari, cicek sapi uzunlugunu, cicek sapi kalinligini, ikincil dal sayisini, bitki basina cicek sayisini, dal agirligini, yaprak alan indeksini, vazo omrunu ve kok uzunlugunu istatistiksel olarak onemli duzeyde etkilemistir (P<0.05). Arastirmada, cicek sapi uzunlugu, dal agirligi ve cicek sapi kalinliklari sirasiyla, 81.72- 40.04 cm, 140.70-19.31 g ve 8.01-4.00 mm arasinda degismistir. Dort gun araliklarla hesaplanan potansiyel bitki su tuketimin 1.25 katinin uygulandigi SA2S2 deneme konusundan en kaliteli krizantemler elde edilmis ve bu konu sulama programi olarak belirlenmistir.
{"title":"Farklı Sulama Programlarının Krizantemin Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri","authors":"Yusuf Uçar, Soner Kazaz","doi":"10.15832/tbd.15183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.15183","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calisma, farkli sulama araliklari (SA1:2 gun, SA2:4 gun ve SA3:6 gun) ve sulama suyu miktarlarinin (S1:Tr×1.50, S2:Tr×1.25, S3:Tr×1.00, S4:Tr×0.75, S5:Tr×0.50, S6:Tr×0.25) sera kosullarinda yetistirilen krizantem bitkisinin kalite parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amaciyla 2011 yilinda yurutulmustur. Calismada, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat turune ait sprey krizantem cesidi olan ‘Bacardi’ kullanilmistir. Sera disi radyasyon degerleri kullanilarak hesaplanan potansiyel bitki su tuketiminin (Tr) farkli oranlari bitkilere sulama suyu olarak uygulanmistir. Deneme konularina gore sulama suyu miktari 192.1-469.4 mm arasinda, olculen bitki su tuketimi (ETa) ise 300.9-510.9 mm arasinda degismistir. Farkli sulama suyu miktarlari ve sulama araliklari, cicek sapi uzunlugunu, cicek sapi kalinligini, ikincil dal sayisini, bitki basina cicek sayisini, dal agirligini, yaprak alan indeksini, vazo omrunu ve kok uzunlugunu istatistiksel olarak onemli duzeyde etkilemistir (P<0.05). Arastirmada, cicek sapi uzunlugu, dal agirligi ve cicek sapi kalinliklari sirasiyla, 81.72- 40.04 cm, 140.70-19.31 g ve 8.01-4.00 mm arasinda degismistir. Dort gun araliklarla hesaplanan potansiyel bitki su tuketimin 1.25 katinin uygulandigi SA2S2 deneme konusundan en kaliteli krizantemler elde edilmis ve bu konu sulama programi olarak belirlenmistir.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85720491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001393
A. Alkan, Nigar Alkan, Ufuk Akbaş
This study aims to determine heavy metal accumulation levels in the muscles tissues of two economically most important demersal fish species in the Eastern Black Sea, Turkey, red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and evaluate the effects of fish species, sampling locations, fishing season and size groups on heavy metal accumulation levels. Chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in fish muscle samples were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Co, Zn, As and Cd accumulation levels in both species differed significantly (P<0.05). The metal concentrations of muscle tissues of both species, in general, were higher during summer and autumn. In the study, the differences in concentrations levels of As and Pb in whiting, Co, Cu, and Pb in red mullet muscle tissues were significantly related to fishing locations. The results of metal concentrations were compared with various legal limits such as Turkish Food Codex (TFC 2011), European Communities Commission Regulation (EC 2006) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 1983) and the obtained metal levels of fish muscle tissues of both species were found to be below the limit values which are a threat to human health.
{"title":"The Factors Affecting Heavy Metal Levels in the Muscle Tissues of Whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus)","authors":"A. Alkan, Nigar Alkan, Ufuk Akbaş","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001393","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine heavy metal accumulation levels in the muscles tissues of two economically most important demersal fish species in the Eastern Black Sea, Turkey, red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and evaluate the effects of fish species, sampling locations, fishing season and size groups on heavy metal accumulation levels. Chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in fish muscle samples were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Co, Zn, As and Cd accumulation levels in both species differed significantly (P<0.05). The metal concentrations of muscle tissues of both species, in general, were higher during summer and autumn. In the study, the differences in concentrations levels of As and Pb in whiting, Co, Cu, and Pb in red mullet muscle tissues were significantly related to fishing locations. The results of metal concentrations were compared with various legal limits such as Turkish Food Codex (TFC 2011), European Communities Commission Regulation (EC 2006) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 1983) and the obtained metal levels of fish muscle tissues of both species were found to be below the limit values which are a threat to human health.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86709987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001396
T. Tunçay, İ. Bayramin, Fırat Atalay, I. Ünver
This study attempts to evaluate interpolation technique for mapping spatial distribution of some soil characteristics at the Lower Seyhan River Basin in Cukurova (Turkey). These soil characteristics may help to improve agricultural land management practices. In the study area, 7 parallel transects each having 150 m of length were selected at 5 m intervals, and 104 soil samples were collected. In these samples, calcium carbonate, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and clay content (from particle size distribution) were determined. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation and employing of GIS technology were applied on the results. Calcium carbonate, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and clay content values derived from IDW interpolation were consistent with the results of the soil analysis. The verity of the interpolation technique was tested by employing cross validation. Interpolation of organic matter values showed a high mean error in 30-60 cm depth (2.82%) while this high deviation was not the case with the other parameters studied.
{"title":"Assessment of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Interpolation on Spatial Variability of Selected Soil Properties in the Cukurova Plain","authors":"T. Tunçay, İ. Bayramin, Fırat Atalay, I. Ünver","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001396","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to evaluate interpolation technique for mapping spatial distribution of some soil characteristics at the Lower Seyhan River Basin in Cukurova (Turkey). These soil characteristics may help to improve agricultural land management practices. In the study area, 7 parallel transects each having 150 m of length were selected at 5 m intervals, and 104 soil samples were collected. In these samples, calcium carbonate, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and clay content (from particle size distribution) were determined. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation and employing of GIS technology were applied on the results. Calcium carbonate, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and clay content values derived from IDW interpolation were consistent with the results of the soil analysis. The verity of the interpolation technique was tested by employing cross validation. Interpolation of organic matter values showed a high mean error in 30-60 cm depth (2.82%) while this high deviation was not the case with the other parameters studied.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89309529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001398
O. Erdoğan, Y. Bölek, M. E. Göre
Seedling root rot seen in many plants including cotton is an important disease that leads to large economic losses. Human health and the environment are negatively affected as a result of using fungicides for disease control. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of fluorescent Pseudomonas (FP) bacteria against seedling root rot pathogens both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 59 FP isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of cotton and weeds on the field were tested by dual-culture assays in vitro. After applying effective FP isolates on the seeds, antagonistic effects against the seedling root rot pathogens were investigated in a climate chamber. Resulting of dual-culture tests, FP40 had maximum effect (49.60%) against Rhizoctonia solani. Besides, FP51, FP48 and FP35 had highest impact as 43.80%, 43.50%, and 43.10% against Fusarium sp., respectively. Pythium deliense was mostly effected by FP57 (59.80%), FP52 (57.80%) and FP56 (57.60%). While isolates FP35 and FP57 provided protection over 70% against all three pathogens in a climate chamber, they were as effective as commercial fungicides (Vitavax and Maxim) and biofungicide (Subtilex) and shown promising results.
{"title":"Biological Control of Cotton Seedling Diseases by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.","authors":"O. Erdoğan, Y. Bölek, M. E. Göre","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001398","url":null,"abstract":"Seedling root rot seen in many plants including cotton is an important disease that leads to large economic losses. Human health and the environment are negatively affected as a result of using fungicides for disease control. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of fluorescent Pseudomonas (FP) bacteria against seedling root rot pathogens both in vitro and in vivo conditions. 59 FP isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of cotton and weeds on the field were tested by dual-culture assays in vitro. After applying effective FP isolates on the seeds, antagonistic effects against the seedling root rot pathogens were investigated in a climate chamber. Resulting of dual-culture tests, FP40 had maximum effect (49.60%) against Rhizoctonia solani. Besides, FP51, FP48 and FP35 had highest impact as 43.80%, 43.50%, and 43.10% against Fusarium sp., respectively. Pythium deliense was mostly effected by FP57 (59.80%), FP52 (57.80%) and FP56 (57.60%). While isolates FP35 and FP57 provided protection over 70% against all three pathogens in a climate chamber, they were as effective as commercial fungicides (Vitavax and Maxim) and biofungicide (Subtilex) and shown promising results.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85759596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001402
S. Arslan, Alaa Abdulradha Sahib
The objective of this study was to compare the energy efficiencies of flow rate valves used in different lines and variable speed drive (VSD) in a small centrifugal pump irrigation system. The tests were done by using an outlet valve, inlet valve, by-pass valve, and VSD. The study included four replications of constant speed and variable speed experiments, and three replications of constant pressure experiments. In each test, power consumption, inlet pressure, and outlet pressure were measured at different flow rates. During the constant speed tests at about the operating point, by-pass valve saved energy up to 66% and 5% compared to the outlet valve and inlet valve, respectively. Reducing the flow rate by 20% resulted in 7% less energy consumption with the use of both the by-pass valve and the inlet valve, and 19% more energy consumption with the outlet valve. The use of VSD showed profound advantage over the valves used in constant speed tests, with 41%, 44%, and 80% less energy demand compared to the by-pass, inlet, and outlet valve, respectively. Also, VSD and by-pass valves were compared in constant pressure operations. VSD offered 2 to 37% less energy consumption at pressures from 4.0 bar to 2.5 bar. The savings were less at high flow rates and quickly increased as the flow rate need decreased. The low system efficiency found in constant speed tests suggested that the pump was not appropriate for the hydraulic system used in low pressure applications. According to constant pressure tests, the system efficiency for VSD (26-29.1%) was greater than that of the by-pass valve (21.3-25.5%). In conclusion, the VSD was the most energy efficient method and suggested significant energy savings in small powered pump systems.
{"title":"Comparison of Energy Efficiencies of a Small Centrifugal Pump at Constant and Variable Speed Operations","authors":"S. Arslan, Alaa Abdulradha Sahib","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001402","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the energy efficiencies of flow rate valves used in different lines and variable speed drive (VSD) in a small centrifugal pump irrigation system. The tests were done by using an outlet valve, inlet valve, by-pass valve, and VSD. The study included four replications of constant speed and variable speed experiments, and three replications of constant pressure experiments. In each test, power consumption, inlet pressure, and outlet pressure were measured at different flow rates. During the constant speed tests at about the operating point, by-pass valve saved energy up to 66% and 5% compared to the outlet valve and inlet valve, respectively. Reducing the flow rate by 20% resulted in 7% less energy consumption with the use of both the by-pass valve and the inlet valve, and 19% more energy consumption with the outlet valve. The use of VSD showed profound advantage over the valves used in constant speed tests, with 41%, 44%, and 80% less energy demand compared to the by-pass, inlet, and outlet valve, respectively. Also, VSD and by-pass valves were compared in constant pressure operations. VSD offered 2 to 37% less energy consumption at pressures from 4.0 bar to 2.5 bar. The savings were less at high flow rates and quickly increased as the flow rate need decreased. The low system efficiency found in constant speed tests suggested that the pump was not appropriate for the hydraulic system used in low pressure applications. According to constant pressure tests, the system efficiency for VSD (26-29.1%) was greater than that of the by-pass valve (21.3-25.5%). In conclusion, the VSD was the most energy efficient method and suggested significant energy savings in small powered pump systems.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83837017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001400
Ö. Zencir, A. Korkmaz
Bu calismada, Ic Anadolu Bolgesi’ndeki Sakarya Nehri’nin Kirmir Cayi’nda balik turlerinin yogunluk ve biyomas degerlerini tahmin etmek icin uc avli ayrilmaya dayali metot kullanilmistir. 1.5256 ha’lik alanda ornekleme yapilmis ve1. IntroductionA fish population is shaped by the geologic, chemical, physical, and biological factors within and surrounding the environment in which it lives. The relative quality of that environment affects the organisms living there, exerting positive or negative pressure on the population (Platts & McHenry 1988). The fluctuation of the fish population is really important for stock assessment and management. In this way, a major decline and rise in the population size or the population biomass can be detected, and appropriate management strategies can be adopted (Chen et al 2004). A relatively simple and inexpensive method of evaluating the health of lentic systems is to monitor the density and biomass of the fish population (Platts & McHenry 1988; Bohlin et al 1989).Density and biomass estimates of targeted species by electrofishing capture data are most often generated using depletion (or sometimes referred to as removal) (Moran 1951; Zippin 1958; White et al 1982) or the mark-recapture method (Ricker 1975; Zubik & Fraley 1988). Because these methods are labour intensive, they have been recommended only when researchers require detailed knowledge of the target population. Typically, removal methods have been used in stream environments where fish capture is by electrofishing during two to four intensive sampling periods over a short time period (often within a day) (Kelso 1989)
Bu calismada、Ic安纳托里亚Bolgesi 'ndeki Sakarya河'nin Kirmir河'nda balik turlerinin yogunluk ve biyomas degerlerini tahmin etmek icin uc avli ayrilmaya dayali metot kullanilmistir。1.我喜欢一种anda或nekleme yapilmis。鱼类种群受其生存环境内外的地质、化学、物理和生物因素的影响。环境的相对质量影响着生活在那里的生物，对种群施加积极或消极的压力(Platts & McHenry 1988)。鱼类种群的波动对种群评估和管理非常重要。通过这种方式，可以检测到种群规模或种群生物量的大幅下降和上升，并可以采取适当的管理策略(Chen et al . 2004)。评估生态系统健康的一种相对简单和廉价的方法是监测鱼类种群的密度和生物量(Platts & McHenry 1988;Bohlin et al . 1989)。通过电钓捕获数据对目标物种的密度和生物量估计通常是利用枯竭(或有时称为清除)产生的(Moran 1951;Zippin 1958;White et al . 1982)或标记再现法(Ricker 1975;Zubik & Fraley 1988)。由于这些方法是劳动密集型的，因此只有当研究人员需要对目标人群有详细的了解时，才推荐使用这些方法。通常情况下，在以电钓法捕获鱼类的河流环境中，在短时间内(通常在一天内)进行2至4次密集采样期间使用清除方法(Kelso 1989)。
{"title":"Density and Biomass of Fish Populations in Kirmir Stream of Sakarya River, Turkey","authors":"Ö. Zencir, A. Korkmaz","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001400","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismada, Ic Anadolu Bolgesi’ndeki Sakarya Nehri’nin Kirmir Cayi’nda balik turlerinin yogunluk ve biyomas degerlerini tahmin etmek icin uc avli ayrilmaya dayali metot kullanilmistir. 1.5256 ha’lik alanda ornekleme yapilmis ve1. IntroductionA fish population is shaped by the geologic, chemical, physical, and biological factors within and surrounding the environment in which it lives. The relative quality of that environment affects the organisms living there, exerting positive or negative pressure on the population (Platts & McHenry 1988). The fluctuation of the fish population is really important for stock assessment and management. In this way, a major decline and rise in the population size or the population biomass can be detected, and appropriate management strategies can be adopted (Chen et al 2004). A relatively simple and inexpensive method of evaluating the health of lentic systems is to monitor the density and biomass of the fish population (Platts & McHenry 1988; Bohlin et al 1989).Density and biomass estimates of targeted species by electrofishing capture data are most often generated using depletion (or sometimes referred to as removal) (Moran 1951; Zippin 1958; White et al 1982) or the mark-recapture method (Ricker 1975; Zubik & Fraley 1988). Because these methods are labour intensive, they have been recommended only when researchers require detailed knowledge of the target population. Typically, removal methods have been used in stream environments where fish capture is by electrofishing during two to four intensive sampling periods over a short time period (often within a day) (Kelso 1989)","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81091662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001390
B. Sayıncı
Shape defects originating from the manufacture in the orifice openings of the flat fan-pattern nozzles may result in deteriorating the spray pattern. This study has been conducted with the aim of detecting the manufacturing defects of the fan-pattern nozzle orifices in terms of shape uniformity using the elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs), and revealing the shape differences among the nozzle orifices made in polyacetal for various nominal sizes ranging from 01 to 06. At first, descriptive data describing dimensions (major and minor length, projected area, etc.) and shapes (shape factor, elongation and roundness) of the nozzle orifices were obtained using an image processing method. The next process, to evaluate the nozzles’ orifice shape using elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), the progresses of generating the orifice’s contour data, derivation of EFDs, principal component analysis (PCA) of EFDs and visualization of shape variations estimated by the principal component scores (PCs) were followed respectively. Although the shape differences of the orifice outlines could be visually distinguished, the descriptive shape data were not able to discriminate the contour differences. The EFDs determined for each orifice size could individually detect the nozzle orifices with shape defect originating from the manufacture and they could be explicitly distinguished from the scatter plots. The results of the Hotelling’s pairwise comparison test showed that the nozzle orifices in shape were significantly different from each other. Linear discriminant analysis demonstrated that the group centroids of the orifices of 03, 04 and 06 were found close-range to each other. The orifice of 01 which is rectangular in shape had an extraordinary attribute compared to the other orifices. The orifice outline of 015 with a smooth shape was in appearance of an oblate ellipse in shape. The contour of the nozzle orifice of 02 size was explicitly found different from the others. It was concluded that the EF method can be used intended for the manufacturers inspect and improve the quality of nozzle orifices.
{"title":"Detection of Shape Manufacturing Defects of Flat Fan-Pattern Nozzle Orifices Using Elliptic Fourier Descriptors","authors":"B. Sayıncı","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001390","url":null,"abstract":"Shape defects originating from the manufacture in the orifice openings of the flat fan-pattern nozzles may result in deteriorating the spray pattern. This study has been conducted with the aim of detecting the manufacturing defects of the fan-pattern nozzle orifices in terms of shape uniformity using the elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs), and revealing the shape differences among the nozzle orifices made in polyacetal for various nominal sizes ranging from 01 to 06. At first, descriptive data describing dimensions (major and minor length, projected area, etc.) and shapes (shape factor, elongation and roundness) of the nozzle orifices were obtained using an image processing method. The next process, to evaluate the nozzles’ orifice shape using elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), the progresses of generating the orifice’s contour data, derivation of EFDs, principal component analysis (PCA) of EFDs and visualization of shape variations estimated by the principal component scores (PCs) were followed respectively. Although the shape differences of the orifice outlines could be visually distinguished, the descriptive shape data were not able to discriminate the contour differences. The EFDs determined for each orifice size could individually detect the nozzle orifices with shape defect originating from the manufacture and they could be explicitly distinguished from the scatter plots. The results of the Hotelling’s pairwise comparison test showed that the nozzle orifices in shape were significantly different from each other. Linear discriminant analysis demonstrated that the group centroids of the orifices of 03, 04 and 06 were found close-range to each other. The orifice of 01 which is rectangular in shape had an extraordinary attribute compared to the other orifices. The orifice outline of 015 with a smooth shape was in appearance of an oblate ellipse in shape. The contour of the nozzle orifice of 02 size was explicitly found different from the others. It was concluded that the EF method can be used intended for the manufacturers inspect and improve the quality of nozzle orifices.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74992123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001403
S. Yildirim
The objective of this study was to develop and test an automated extractant providing method utilizing pressurized air in a laboratory setting. Pressurized air was applied to extractant holder filled with extractant. An electro-pneumatic regulator valve was used to regulate the air pressure at 344.75, 551.6, and 758.45 kPa using an analog electrical signal. A two-position solenoid valve that was controlled via Labview software according to pre-specified time interval was used to provide a high pressure pulse at known durations to the extractant column inside the holder. The mass of extractant transported to the mixing unit during a single air pulse was measured and recorded for all treatments in the experimental design. Analysis of variance was performed to determine significance of each variable, namely pulse duration and air pressure. Step wise linear regression analysis was used to develop calibration models for the prediction of extractant mass. The only significant factor was pulse duration while pressure was insignificant (α= 0.05) on extractant mass for all treatments. Pulse duration was used to find a model to predict extractant mass, and provided a very good prediction (R2= 0.99) at fixed pressure setting. Laboratory test results proved that pressurized air was effective in obtaining known quantity of extractant. The electro-pneumatic method was capable of obtaining and transporting a precise amount of extractant needed for on-the-go soil nitrate analysis within a short time (less than 100 ms) with a coefficient of variation of less than 3%. It was concluded that the electro-pneumatic method was a viable candidate to be a precise variable extractant supply method for on-the-go soil analysis system.
{"title":"A Variable Extractant Providing Method for On-The-Go Soil Nitrate Analysis Systems","authors":"S. Yildirim","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001403","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to develop and test an automated extractant providing method utilizing pressurized air in a laboratory setting. Pressurized air was applied to extractant holder filled with extractant. An electro-pneumatic regulator valve was used to regulate the air pressure at 344.75, 551.6, and 758.45 kPa using an analog electrical signal. A two-position solenoid valve that was controlled via Labview software according to pre-specified time interval was used to provide a high pressure pulse at known durations to the extractant column inside the holder. The mass of extractant transported to the mixing unit during a single air pulse was measured and recorded for all treatments in the experimental design. Analysis of variance was performed to determine significance of each variable, namely pulse duration and air pressure. Step wise linear regression analysis was used to develop calibration models for the prediction of extractant mass. The only significant factor was pulse duration while pressure was insignificant (α= 0.05) on extractant mass for all treatments. Pulse duration was used to find a model to predict extractant mass, and provided a very good prediction (R2= 0.99) at fixed pressure setting. Laboratory test results proved that pressurized air was effective in obtaining known quantity of extractant. The electro-pneumatic method was capable of obtaining and transporting a precise amount of extractant needed for on-the-go soil nitrate analysis within a short time (less than 100 ms) with a coefficient of variation of less than 3%. It was concluded that the electro-pneumatic method was a viable candidate to be a precise variable extractant supply method for on-the-go soil analysis system.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86995313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-08DOI: 10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001380
A. Nasseri
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) reduces discharges in irrigation canals and causes problems in operation and maintenance of canals. This study has been conducted to determine roughness coefficient in vegetated canals caused by dallisgrass and to investigate the relationship between available soil phosphorous and dry mass of dallisgrass. The study also aims to find out the relationships among roughness coefficient, dallisgrass density and soil phosphorous in vegetated canals in Moghan plain, Iran. The results showed that the roughness coefficient varied from 0.01 to 0.32 and averaged at 0.09. The variation in roughness coefficient in vegetated canals by dallisgrass may be explained solely by the flow velocity and canal slope, assuming that there are no spatial variability’s of the other affecting variables. Therefore, a regression model comprises both the roughness coefficient as a dependent variable and the flow velocity and canal slope as an independent variable is developed. The available soil phosphorus both on the sides and at the bottom of vegetated canals were from 4.2 to 37 mg kg-1. The highest dry mass of 16 kg per 100 m2 was acquired from the canal with soil phosphorus of 16.7 mg kg-1. Also, another model was developed to describe the roughness coefficient as a function of the flow velocity, canal slope, dallisgrass density and soil phosphorous. It is recommended that identifying phosphorus sources and limiting its distribution in irrigation canals is necessary to reduce the dallisgrass density in canals.
{"title":"Canal Geometry, Flow Velocity, Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) Density and Soil Phosphorous Effects on Hydraulic Resistance of Vegetated Canals","authors":"A. Nasseri","doi":"10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1501/TARIMBIL_0000001380","url":null,"abstract":"Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) reduces discharges in irrigation canals and causes problems in operation and maintenance of canals. This study has been conducted to determine roughness coefficient in vegetated canals caused by dallisgrass and to investigate the relationship between available soil phosphorous and dry mass of dallisgrass. The study also aims to find out the relationships among roughness coefficient, dallisgrass density and soil phosphorous in vegetated canals in Moghan plain, Iran. The results showed that the roughness coefficient varied from 0.01 to 0.32 and averaged at 0.09. The variation in roughness coefficient in vegetated canals by dallisgrass may be explained solely by the flow velocity and canal slope, assuming that there are no spatial variability’s of the other affecting variables. Therefore, a regression model comprises both the roughness coefficient as a dependent variable and the flow velocity and canal slope as an independent variable is developed. The available soil phosphorus both on the sides and at the bottom of vegetated canals were from 4.2 to 37 mg kg-1. The highest dry mass of 16 kg per 100 m2 was acquired from the canal with soil phosphorus of 16.7 mg kg-1. Also, another model was developed to describe the roughness coefficient as a function of the flow velocity, canal slope, dallisgrass density and soil phosphorous. It is recommended that identifying phosphorus sources and limiting its distribution in irrigation canals is necessary to reduce the dallisgrass density in canals.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73075133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：