This study aims to determine the effects of extract obtained from giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) shells on the changes in chemical parameters of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) during 18 days of refrigerated storage. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used for the comparison of antioxidant effects. The investigation of changes in fish during refrigerated storage indicated that lipid oxidation significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to control group, BHT and different rates of shell extract were determined to have significant effects on prevention of oxidation. Comparison of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide, free fatty acids and pH values indicated that the most positive result was found in the BHT added group, which was followed by the groups containing 0.5% and 0.1% of shell extracts, and control group. In this study, it was concluded appropriate to use natural shell extracts besides synthetic antioxidants during the storage of fish.
{"title":"The Influence of the Extract Obtained from Giant Red Shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) Shells on Chemical Properties of Cold-Stored Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)","authors":"Aygül Küçükgülmez, M. Celik","doi":"10.15832/TBD.96982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.96982","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effects of extract obtained from giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) shells on the changes in chemical parameters of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) during 18 days of refrigerated storage. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used for the comparison of antioxidant effects. The investigation of changes in fish during refrigerated storage indicated that lipid oxidation significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to control group, BHT and different rates of shell extract were determined to have significant effects on prevention of oxidation. Comparison of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide, free fatty acids and pH values indicated that the most positive result was found in the BHT added group, which was followed by the groups containing 0.5% and 0.1% of shell extracts, and control group. In this study, it was concluded appropriate to use natural shell extracts besides synthetic antioxidants during the storage of fish.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88302186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint) is the main disease of apple trees not only in the world but also in Turkey. The disease can cause severe yield losses in all Turkish apple orchards. Genetic diversity and relatedness of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint) isolates collected from Turkey and Europe were investigated in this study through molecular markers. RAPD, ISSR, SSR and SRAP markers were used in the molecular studies. Results obtained by marker system revealed that isolates were quite separated from each other and it is appeared to exist a variation between them. Genetic relatedness between the isolates are very close to each other, and difference among the groups is not significant due to host specificity and geographical location. The groups are consisted of more number of isolates when SSR and SRAP markers are used compared with ISSR and RAPD markers. Using SSR and SRAP markers are preferable to provide more informative outcomes because of ease of use, repeatability and specificity.
{"title":"The Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Venturia inaequalis Isolates Obtained from Turkey and Europe by Molecular Markers","authors":"S. Kaymak, N. Boyraz, H. Pınar","doi":"10.15832/TBD.10560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.10560","url":null,"abstract":"Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint) is the main disease of apple trees not only in the world but also in Turkey. The disease can cause severe yield losses in all Turkish apple orchards. Genetic diversity and relatedness of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint) isolates collected from Turkey and Europe were investigated in this study through molecular markers. RAPD, ISSR, SSR and SRAP markers were used in the molecular studies. Results obtained by marker system revealed that isolates were quite separated from each other and it is appeared to exist a variation between them. Genetic relatedness between the isolates are very close to each other, and difference among the groups is not significant due to host specificity and geographical location. The groups are consisted of more number of isolates when SSR and SRAP markers are used compared with ISSR and RAPD markers. Using SSR and SRAP markers are preferable to provide more informative outcomes because of ease of use, repeatability and specificity.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84306945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu calismada, mercimekte (Lens esculanta Moench) farkli klor tuzlarinin cimlenme ve fide gelisimi ile fide mineral iceriklerine etkileri arastirilmistir. Denemede 3’u yesil (Ankara Yesili, Ceren ve Meyveci 2001) ve 3’u kirmizi (Ciftci, Kafkas ve Ozbek) olmak uzere toplam 6 mercimek cesidi kullanilmis olup, bunlara CaCl2, MgCl2 ve NaCl tuzlarinin 0, 5, 10 ve 20 dS m-1 EC’lik dozlari uygulanmistir. Laboratuvar ve saksi denemeleri, tesaduf parselleri deneme deseninde uc tekerrurlu olarak 20±1 °C’de karanlik kosullarda cimlendirme dolabinda yurutulmustur. Calismanin sonuclarina gore; hem cimlendirme testlerinde hem de saksi denemesinde kok uzunlugu disinda ele alinan tum ozelliklerde (cimlenme orani, cimlenme indeksi, ortalama cimlenme suresi, fide boyu, fide kuru agirligi ile fide N, Na, K, Ca, Mg ve Cl icerigi) uygulamalar arasi farkliliklar ile interaksiyonlar istatistiki yonden P≤0.01 duzeyinde onemli bulunurken; farkli klor tuzlarindaki doz artisi ile cimlenme orani (CO), cimlenme indeksi (CI), fide boyu (FB), kok uzunlugu (KU), fide kuru agirligi (FKA) ile fidelerin azot (N), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg) ve potasyum (K) icerikleri azalmis; ortalama cimlenme suresi (OCS), sodyum (Na) ve klor (Cl) icerikleri artmistir. Sonuc olarak, Meyveci 2001 ve Ciftci cesitlerinin tuz toleranslari daha yuksek bulunmustur.
{"title":"Mercimeğe (Lens esculanta Moench) Uygulanan Farklı Klor Tuzu ve Dozlarının Kimi İlk Gelişme Özelliklerine Etkisi","authors":"Ruziye Karaman, M. Kaya","doi":"10.15832/TBD.21211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.21211","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismada, mercimekte (Lens esculanta Moench) farkli klor tuzlarinin cimlenme ve fide gelisimi ile fide mineral iceriklerine etkileri arastirilmistir. Denemede 3’u yesil (Ankara Yesili, Ceren ve Meyveci 2001) ve 3’u kirmizi (Ciftci, Kafkas ve Ozbek) olmak uzere toplam 6 mercimek cesidi kullanilmis olup, bunlara CaCl2, MgCl2 ve NaCl tuzlarinin 0, 5, 10 ve 20 dS m-1 EC’lik dozlari uygulanmistir. Laboratuvar ve saksi denemeleri, tesaduf parselleri deneme deseninde uc tekerrurlu olarak 20±1 °C’de karanlik kosullarda cimlendirme dolabinda yurutulmustur. Calismanin sonuclarina gore; hem cimlendirme testlerinde hem de saksi denemesinde kok uzunlugu disinda ele alinan tum ozelliklerde (cimlenme orani, cimlenme indeksi, ortalama cimlenme suresi, fide boyu, fide kuru agirligi ile fide N, Na, K, Ca, Mg ve Cl icerigi) uygulamalar arasi farkliliklar ile interaksiyonlar istatistiki yonden P≤0.01 duzeyinde onemli bulunurken; farkli klor tuzlarindaki doz artisi ile cimlenme orani (CO), cimlenme indeksi (CI), fide boyu (FB), kok uzunlugu (KU), fide kuru agirligi (FKA) ile fidelerin azot (N), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg) ve potasyum (K) icerikleri azalmis; ortalama cimlenme suresi (OCS), sodyum (Na) ve klor (Cl) icerikleri artmistir. Sonuc olarak, Meyveci 2001 ve Ciftci cesitlerinin tuz toleranslari daha yuksek bulunmustur.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91160449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to determine essential oil yields, essential oil compositions, total phenolics, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of organic manure-treated medicinal plants of Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (origano). Essential oil yields of investigated medicinal plants varied between 0.06±0.01%-3.43±0.06%. The 1,8-cineol (15.285±0.003%), viridiflorol (12.095±0.003%) and cis-thujone (12.200±0.003%) were the major essential oil components in S. officinalis L. Linalool (22.400±0.003%) 1,8-cineol (8.215±0.003%), linalyl acetate (7.900±0.003%) and lavadulyl acetate (7.690±0.003%) were the major components in L. angustifolia L. Citronellal (14.515±0.003%), geranial (13.050±0.003%) and β-caryophyllene (12.385±0.003%) were the major components in M. officinalis L. and carvacrol (65.080±0.003%) was the major component in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum. The highest total phenolics content and antioxidant activity were observed in M. officinalis. The best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 bacteria was observed in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Four Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Barnyard Manure","authors":"G. Yaldiz, Y. Arıcı, G. Yilmaz","doi":"10.15832/TBD.64663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.64663","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine essential oil yields, essential oil compositions, total phenolics, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of organic manure-treated medicinal plants of Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (origano). Essential oil yields of investigated medicinal plants varied between 0.06±0.01%-3.43±0.06%. The 1,8-cineol (15.285±0.003%), viridiflorol (12.095±0.003%) and cis-thujone (12.200±0.003%) were the major essential oil components in S. officinalis L. Linalool (22.400±0.003%) 1,8-cineol (8.215±0.003%), linalyl acetate (7.900±0.003%) and lavadulyl acetate (7.690±0.003%) were the major components in L. angustifolia L. Citronellal (14.515±0.003%), geranial (13.050±0.003%) and β-caryophyllene (12.385±0.003%) were the major components in M. officinalis L. and carvacrol (65.080±0.003%) was the major component in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum. The highest total phenolics content and antioxidant activity were observed in M. officinalis. The best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 bacteria was observed in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82542799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kesenkaş, C. Karagözlü, O. Yerlikaya, E. Özer, A. Akpınar, N. Akbulut
Winter yoghurt is one of the most popular dairy products in Van and Hatay region of Turkey. It is made of different kinds of milk, and known as “cooked yoghurt” or “salted yoghurt” due to its high solids content and long shelf life. In this study, two different concentration methods were used to produce traditional winter yoghurt. Some physical (firmness and cohesiveness, L-, a- and b- values), chemical (total solid, fat, protein, pH, lactic acid, salt) and sensory analyses (color, odor, consistent and flavor) were made to determine the effect of production methods and storage on winter yoghurt samples at the 1st, 30th, 60th and 90th days. Significant differences were found between sensory, rheological properties and color values of winter yoghurts however no significant differences were found between physicochemical properties of the samples. Especially, winter yoghurts produced from 100% goat milk were the more appreciated samples.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Winter Yoghurt Produced from Mixtures of Cow’s and Goat’s Milk","authors":"H. Kesenkaş, C. Karagözlü, O. Yerlikaya, E. Özer, A. Akpınar, N. Akbulut","doi":"10.15832/TBD.90735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.90735","url":null,"abstract":"Winter yoghurt is one of the most popular dairy products in Van and Hatay region of Turkey. It is made of different kinds of milk, and known as “cooked yoghurt” or “salted yoghurt” due to its high solids content and long shelf life. In this study, two different concentration methods were used to produce traditional winter yoghurt. Some physical (firmness and cohesiveness, L-, a- and b- values), chemical (total solid, fat, protein, pH, lactic acid, salt) and sensory analyses (color, odor, consistent and flavor) were made to determine the effect of production methods and storage on winter yoghurt samples at the 1st, 30th, 60th and 90th days. Significant differences were found between sensory, rheological properties and color values of winter yoghurts however no significant differences were found between physicochemical properties of the samples. Especially, winter yoghurts produced from 100% goat milk were the more appreciated samples.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80653011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study measured physical properties of lentil and wild oat weed; mass of 1000 seeds, true density, porosity and coefficient of static friction. A gravity table separator was used to separate wild oat weeds from lentil seeds. The gravity table separator had five adjustable parameters; longitudinal slope, latitudinal slope, amplitude of oscillation, frequency of oscillation and air velocity. The effect of these parameters was investigated in order to maximize the separation of wild oat weed from lentil. Results of tests indicated that an increase in latitudinal slope of the table from 0.5° to 1° and longitudinal slope from 1.5° to 2° resulted in increased separation of wild oat weed from lentil. At longitudinal slope of 2°, latitudinal slope of 1°, amplitude of oscillation of 5 mm, frequency of oscillation of 400 cycles min-1, and air velocity of 5.7 m s-1, the separation percentage was 37%. Finally, after determination of the most suitable settings for amplitude of oscillation and air velocity; using the information on longitudinal slope, latitudinal slope and frequency of oscillation of the table was used to calculate mathematical relations of separation percentage of wild oat weed from lentil clumps using Datafit Software.
本研究测定了小扁豆和野生燕麦的物理性质;1000粒种子的质量，真密度，孔隙率和静摩擦系数。采用重力台式分离机对野生燕麦杂草和小扁豆种子进行了分离。重台式分离机有5个参数可调;纵向坡度，纬度坡度，振荡幅度，振荡频率和风速。为了最大限度地从小扁豆中分离出野生燕麦杂草，研究了这些参数的影响。试验结果表明，纵坡从1.5°增加到2°，纵坡从0.5°增加到1°，使野生燕麦杂草与小扁豆的分离程度增加。当纵向坡度为2°，纵向坡度为1°，振荡幅度为5 mm，振荡频率为400 cycles min-1，风速为5.7 m s-1时，分离率为37%。最后，在确定振荡幅度和风速的最合适设置后;利用表的纵斜率、纵斜率和振荡频率信息，利用Datafit软件计算野生燕麦杂草与小扁豆团块分离率的数学关系。
{"title":"A Study of Some Physical Properties of Lentil and Wild Oat Weed and Parameters Affecting the Separation of Wild Oat Weed from Lentil by a Gravity Table Separator","authors":"M. Rasekh, H. Bagheri, M. Kianmehr, S. Kouravand","doi":"10.15832/TBD.45147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.45147","url":null,"abstract":"The present study measured physical properties of lentil and wild oat weed; mass of 1000 seeds, true density, porosity and coefficient of static friction. A gravity table separator was used to separate wild oat weeds from lentil seeds. The gravity table separator had five adjustable parameters; longitudinal slope, latitudinal slope, amplitude of oscillation, frequency of oscillation and air velocity. The effect of these parameters was investigated in order to maximize the separation of wild oat weed from lentil. Results of tests indicated that an increase in latitudinal slope of the table from 0.5° to 1° and longitudinal slope from 1.5° to 2° resulted in increased separation of wild oat weed from lentil. At longitudinal slope of 2°, latitudinal slope of 1°, amplitude of oscillation of 5 mm, frequency of oscillation of 400 cycles min-1, and air velocity of 5.7 m s-1, the separation percentage was 37%. Finally, after determination of the most suitable settings for amplitude of oscillation and air velocity; using the information on longitudinal slope, latitudinal slope and frequency of oscillation of the table was used to calculate mathematical relations of separation percentage of wild oat weed from lentil clumps using Datafit Software.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79646529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Štrbanović, R. Stanisavljević, L. Đukanović, D. Poštić, J. Marković, V. Gavrilović, N. Dolovac
Alfalfa is the most important forage plant species. There are numerous alfalfa varieties in the world with improved yield potential and forage quality. Many of them have also been created in the region of Southeast Europe, using various breeding techniques. This investigation was carried out in central Serbia and it included 15 alfalfa varieties of different origin (nine from USA and six from Europe). The objective was to determine their yield in each cut and total dry matter yield (TDMY) in the second (A1) and third (A2) year of exploitation, as well as forage quality: the content of mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat matter (CFM) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). Investigated varieties exhibited high total variability in dry matter yield (DMY) (A1: CV= 13.19%; A2: CV= 9.33%). DMY variability was higher with the varieties from USA (A1: CV= 13.65%; A2: CV= 9.92%) than with those from Europe (A1: CV= 6.67%; A2: CV= 8.01%). Varieties from USA also proved more variable in crude protein (CP) content than European varieties (CV= 6.27% and CV= 2.68%, respectively). Differences between the investigated varieties (genotypes) also influenced total variability of forage quality parameters, with total CV ranging from 5.07% for CP to 10.48% for CF. Dry matter yield (DMY) had significant positive correlation with CP (r= 0.344), CF (r= 0.342) and CFM (r= 0.306), and the strongest correlation, although negative, was between CF and NFE (r= -0.917).
{"title":"Variability and Correlation of Yield and Forage Quality in Alfalfa Varieties of Different Origin","authors":"R. Štrbanović, R. Stanisavljević, L. Đukanović, D. Poštić, J. Marković, V. Gavrilović, N. Dolovac","doi":"10.15832/tbd.07864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.07864","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa is the most important forage plant species. There are numerous alfalfa varieties in the world with improved yield potential and forage quality. Many of them have also been created in the region of Southeast Europe, using various breeding techniques. This investigation was carried out in central Serbia and it included 15 alfalfa varieties of different origin (nine from USA and six from Europe). The objective was to determine their yield in each cut and total dry matter yield (TDMY) in the second (A1) and third (A2) year of exploitation, as well as forage quality: the content of mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat matter (CFM) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). Investigated varieties exhibited high total variability in dry matter yield (DMY) (A1: CV= 13.19%; A2: CV= 9.33%). DMY variability was higher with the varieties from USA (A1: CV= 13.65%; A2: CV= 9.92%) than with those from Europe (A1: CV= 6.67%; A2: CV= 8.01%). Varieties from USA also proved more variable in crude protein (CP) content than European varieties (CV= 6.27% and CV= 2.68%, respectively). Differences between the investigated varieties (genotypes) also influenced total variability of forage quality parameters, with total CV ranging from 5.07% for CP to 10.48% for CF. Dry matter yield (DMY) had significant positive correlation with CP (r= 0.344), CF (r= 0.342) and CFM (r= 0.306), and the strongest correlation, although negative, was between CF and NFE (r= -0.917).","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74666675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies on tractive performance of tractor tires have been carried out to solve soil-wheel interaction problems in the last decades. The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine effects on tractive performance of radial and bias-ply drive tires at three different tire lug heights, axle loads and inflation pressures. The experiments were carried out in stubble field conditions. To obtain sufficient performance data, a new single wheel tester was designed and manufactured. Travel reduction, net traction ratio and tractive efficiency varied from 3.3% to 34.1%, 0.24 to 0.93 and from 0.27 to 0.78 respectively depending on drawbar pull. The effects of tire type, lug height, dynamic axle load and inflation pressure on tractive efficiency were found significant (P<0.01) by the performed variance analysis and LSD tests. Radial tires provide better tractive performance compared with bias-ply tires. The tractive efficiency increased especially with increasing dynamic axle load and decreased with increasing tire inflation pressure. Tire dynamic axle load was the major contributory factor on tractive performance as compared with other independent variables. For a given drawbar pull, it was observed that tractive efficiency of radial tire can be maximized by selecting appropriate levels of lug height, dynamic axle load and inflation pressure.
{"title":"Effects of Some Properties of Drive Tires Used in Horticultural Tractors on Tractive Performance","authors":"Ş. Ekinci, K. Çarman","doi":"10.15832/TBD.60349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.60349","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies on tractive performance of tractor tires have been carried out to solve soil-wheel interaction problems in the last decades. The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine effects on tractive performance of radial and bias-ply drive tires at three different tire lug heights, axle loads and inflation pressures. The experiments were carried out in stubble field conditions. To obtain sufficient performance data, a new single wheel tester was designed and manufactured. Travel reduction, net traction ratio and tractive efficiency varied from 3.3% to 34.1%, 0.24 to 0.93 and from 0.27 to 0.78 respectively depending on drawbar pull. The effects of tire type, lug height, dynamic axle load and inflation pressure on tractive efficiency were found significant (P<0.01) by the performed variance analysis and LSD tests. Radial tires provide better tractive performance compared with bias-ply tires. The tractive efficiency increased especially with increasing dynamic axle load and decreased with increasing tire inflation pressure. Tire dynamic axle load was the major contributory factor on tractive performance as compared with other independent variables. For a given drawbar pull, it was observed that tractive efficiency of radial tire can be maximized by selecting appropriate levels of lug height, dynamic axle load and inflation pressure.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88701374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Evrenosoğlu, A. Mısırlı, Y. Aysan, H. Saygili, Özlem Boztepe, S. Horuz, N. A. Bilgin, E. Bilen, Ali Baykul
Fire blight caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is the serious disease of pear. Since there is no effective chemical management to this disease except antibiotic-type compounds, it is very important to improve new fire blight resistant cultivars. In this research, it was aimed to select and develop fire blight resistant pear types and to determine fire blight susceptibility levels of pear hybrids, obtained from different projects. Hybrid plants were inoculated by shoot injections twice each year. Evaluations were made through necrotic shoot rate and susceptibility levels of hybrids were determined. During the experiments, 7036 hybrid pear seedlings inoculated, and 12.28% of them were found as “very low susceptibility” (A), 3.62% as “low susceptibility” (B) classes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) Disease Reaction of Pear Hybrid Combinations","authors":"Y. Evrenosoğlu, A. Mısırlı, Y. Aysan, H. Saygili, Özlem Boztepe, S. Horuz, N. A. Bilgin, E. Bilen, Ali Baykul","doi":"10.15832/TBD.82006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.82006","url":null,"abstract":"Fire blight caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is the serious disease of pear. Since there is no effective chemical management to this disease except antibiotic-type compounds, it is very important to improve new fire blight resistant cultivars. In this research, it was aimed to select and develop fire blight resistant pear types and to determine fire blight susceptibility levels of pear hybrids, obtained from different projects. Hybrid plants were inoculated by shoot injections twice each year. Evaluations were made through necrotic shoot rate and susceptibility levels of hybrids were determined. During the experiments, 7036 hybrid pear seedlings inoculated, and 12.28% of them were found as “very low susceptibility” (A), 3.62% as “low susceptibility” (B) classes.","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78691455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was conducted on emitter testing bench established in Irrigation laboratory, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. In the study, discharge equations (q= kHx), standard temperature discharge index (TDI, standard temperature is 20 oC) and uniformity parameters such as coefficient of manufacturing variation (CV), standard uniformity (Us), Christiansen uniformity (Cu) and emission uniformity (CUE) of in-line emitters with different discharges (D1: 2.4 L h-1 and D2: 4.0 L h-1), types (TB: Pressure compensating, TT: Non-pressure compensating) and distances (A1: 20 cm, A2: 33 cm and A3: 50 cm) under different water temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 oC) were determined. Effects of different pressures (from 80 to 200 kPa) on discharge of the emitters were also investigated. Discharges of non-pressure compensating emitters were increased by increasing pressure (r≈ 0.99). Although discharge was stable under high or recommended pressure in pressure compensating emitters, there was an increasing trend in emitter discharge under low pressure like non-pressure compensating emitters. Linear regressions were obtained between discharge and water temperature in non-pressure compensating and pressure compensating emitters (r≈ 0.99). Emitter discharge increased due to water temperature increase approximately 5 and 3% in non-pressure compensating and pressure compensating emitters, respectively. TDI values of non-pressure compensating emitters increased between 0.04 and 0.06 with increasing water temperature. In pressure compensating emitters, TDI values decreased 0.02 in D1A1TB emitter, did not change in D1A2TB emitter, and increased between 0.01 and 0.02 in other four emitters with increasing water temperature. Cv, Us, Cu and CUE values of the emitters under different water temperatures ranged between 0.023-0.044, 95.6-97.7%, 96.6-98.1% and 89.3-96.0%, respectively. Significant differences were obtained for each of these parameters in different water temperatures, emitter types and emitter distances. Generally, uniformity parameters improved in high water temperatures and the highest values of uniformity parameters were obtained from A2 emitter distance in the tested emitters (P<0.01).
{"title":"The Effects of Water Temperature on Discharge and Uniformity Parameters of Emitters with Different Discharges, Types and Distances","authors":"U. Şenyiğit","doi":"10.15832/TBD.30670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/TBD.30670","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted on emitter testing bench established in Irrigation laboratory, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. In the study, discharge equations (q= kHx), standard temperature discharge index (TDI, standard temperature is 20 oC) and uniformity parameters such as coefficient of manufacturing variation (CV), standard uniformity (Us), Christiansen uniformity (Cu) and emission uniformity (CUE) of in-line emitters with different discharges (D1: 2.4 L h-1 and D2: 4.0 L h-1), types (TB: Pressure compensating, TT: Non-pressure compensating) and distances (A1: 20 cm, A2: 33 cm and A3: 50 cm) under different water temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 oC) were determined. Effects of different pressures (from 80 to 200 kPa) on discharge of the emitters were also investigated. Discharges of non-pressure compensating emitters were increased by increasing pressure (r≈ 0.99). Although discharge was stable under high or recommended pressure in pressure compensating emitters, there was an increasing trend in emitter discharge under low pressure like non-pressure compensating emitters. Linear regressions were obtained between discharge and water temperature in non-pressure compensating and pressure compensating emitters (r≈ 0.99). Emitter discharge increased due to water temperature increase approximately 5 and 3% in non-pressure compensating and pressure compensating emitters, respectively. TDI values of non-pressure compensating emitters increased between 0.04 and 0.06 with increasing water temperature. In pressure compensating emitters, TDI values decreased 0.02 in D1A1TB emitter, did not change in D1A2TB emitter, and increased between 0.01 and 0.02 in other four emitters with increasing water temperature. Cv, Us, Cu and CUE values of the emitters under different water temperatures ranged between 0.023-0.044, 95.6-97.7%, 96.6-98.1% and 89.3-96.0%, respectively. Significant differences were obtained for each of these parameters in different water temperatures, emitter types and emitter distances. Generally, uniformity parameters improved in high water temperatures and the highest values of uniformity parameters were obtained from A2 emitter distance in the tested emitters (P<0.01).","PeriodicalId":22215,"journal":{"name":"Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88536265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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