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The importance and position of ethics in social life according to the Islamic doctrines 根据伊斯兰教义,道德在社会生活中的重要性和地位
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.479
Seyed Ali Razavian
The position of morality as an instrumental, distinguishing human beings from other creatures, and with the growth and excellence of moral virtues, brings the light of faith to his heart. Obviously, the moral system of Islam is full of ethical virtues and propositions that the Muslim person by their practical implementation, have the ability to complete their religion, and take steps to reform the affairs of the world and the Hereafter. The purpose of the construction of the teachings and doctrines which Islam has made obligatory and believes in them as the foundations of Islam is nothing but proper training for the purpose of institutionalizing the good temper and the healthy and stable social relations that are right and proper in humans. Accordingly, these divine doctrines and commands must always be repeated in order to institutionalize the right ethics. The place and importance of morality in social life is that even the practice of social laws and regulations is not possible without ethics, and morality is the best guarantee of the enforcement of laws and regulations. Hence, ethical debates are among the most important goals of communicating prophets in society, and without it, neither religion will have a conceptual basis for people, nor a society without ethics will be possible. This paper deals with the descriptive analysis approach to the true position of morality from the point of view of the Quran and narrations in society.
道德作为一种工具的地位,将人类与其他生物区分开来,随着道德美德的成长和卓越,将信仰之光带到他的心中。显然,伊斯兰教的道德体系充满了道德美德和主张,穆斯林人通过他们的实际执行,有能力完成他们的宗教,并采取措施改革世界和后世的事务。伊斯兰教的教义和教义已经成为伊斯兰教的义务,并将其作为伊斯兰教的基础,构建这些教义和教义的目的无非是为了使人类的好脾气和健康稳定的社会关系制度化而进行的适当训练。因此,这些神圣的教义和命令必须不断重复,以便使正确的伦理制度化。道德在社会生活中的地位和重要性在于,即使是社会法律法规的实施也离不开道德,道德是法律法规实施的最佳保障。因此,伦理辩论是社会中先知沟通的最重要目标之一,没有它,宗教就不会有人们的概念基础,没有伦理的社会也不可能存在。本文从《古兰经》和社会叙事的角度探讨了道德的真实地位的描述性分析方法。
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引用次数: 0
Menstruation: A biological phenomenon and NOT a social stigma, Period 月经:生理现象,而不是社会耻辱
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.478
M. Bhatt
Female Menstruation is a natural biological process, a manifestation of the female reproductive abilities, so significant that the existence and proliferation of mankind are dependent on it. However, its social impact in defining the way women were perceived and treated across generations worldwide is far more significant than its biological genesis. The societal taboos related to menstruating women and their ostracization within their household has resulted in mental and physical agony for women since ages. With the passage of time, the scientific genesis of menstruation got obfuscated and obliterated in the dominant rule of patriarchal powers. Menstruation became subject of taboos instituted by religious patriarchs and individuals to oppress women and have control over their actions. The irony remains that most of these practices are defined and adopted based on the convenience and beliefs of the community or even individuals with little or no religious or scientific evidence. The study throws light on the institution of menstrual taboos across the globe, primarily India, and its effect on social and mental conditions of females. It also juxtaposes these practices against the well-established religious phenomenon of worshipping the menstruating goddess (Kamakhya) in North East India. It exposes the various ironies existing in our society and attempts to establish a narrative for the contemporary social relevance of menstrual practices and its future evolution in line with our social progression. It also advocates that amends should be made now so that women are not mocked, mistreated or embarrassed for something as natural as menstruation.
女性月经是一种自然的生物过程,是女性生殖能力的表现,意义重大,人类的生存和繁衍都离不开月经。然而,它在定义世界各地几代人对妇女的看法和对待方式方面的社会影响远比它的生物学起源重要。经期妇女的社会禁忌以及她们在家庭中的排斥,长期以来给妇女造成了精神和身体上的痛苦。随着时间的推移,月经的科学起源在男权统治下被模糊和抹杀。月经成为宗教先祖和个人为了压迫女性和控制她们的行为而制定的禁忌。具有讽刺意味的是,大多数这些做法都是根据社区甚至个人的方便和信仰来定义和采用的,很少或根本没有宗教或科学证据。这项研究揭示了全球(主要是印度)的经期禁忌制度,以及它对女性社会和精神状况的影响。它还将这些做法与印度东北部崇拜月经女神(Kamakhya)的既定宗教现象并列。它揭露了我们社会中存在的各种讽刺,并试图为月经实践的当代社会相关性及其未来的演变建立一种叙事,以符合我们的社会进步。它还主张现在就应该做出补偿,这样女性就不会因为月经这样自然的事情而受到嘲笑、虐待或尴尬。
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引用次数: 0
An evaluation of the role of Britain in the formation of Iranian constitutionalism 对英国在伊朗宪政形成过程中所起作用的评价
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.471
Nazanin Esmaeelpour
In this research, the scholar has attempted to evaluate the role of Britain in the formation of Iranian constitutionalism, 1906. The research question was as follows: How did Britain influence over formation of Iranian constitutionalism? The research hypothesis was as follows: The government of Britain, regarding its long-lasting goals and programs has had an effective role in the formation of Iranian constitutionalism. For confirmation of this hypothesis, the scholar has studied historical background and examined its social, economical, political, and cultural context. Furthermore, the reciprocal relationships and effects between all of influential and notable factures, such as foreign powers, international cataclysmic changes, intellectual constitutionalists, and religious figures; and their effects in the formation of public opinions has studied. Then, the role of Britain was explained with impressionability of the intellectuals and their influence on religious leaders and specially with the description of people's seeking sanctuary in the British embassy. As a result, the scholar has concluded indirect role of Britain as an effective power on constitutionalists, is more important than its direct role; therefore, the role of Britain in the formation of Iranian constitutionalism is undeniable and the hypothesis of this research has confirmed.
在这项研究中,这位学者试图评估英国在1906年伊朗宪政形成中的作用。研究的问题是:英国是如何影响伊朗宪政的形成的?研究假设如下:英国政府就其长期目标和计划而言,在伊朗宪政的形成中发挥了有效作用。为了证实这一假设,这位学者研究了历史背景,考察了其社会、经济、政治和文化背景。此外,所有有影响力和显著的因素之间的相互关系和影响,如外国列强,国际巨变,知识分子立宪主义者和宗教人物;并对其在舆论形成中的作用进行了研究。然后,通过知识分子的感知力及其对宗教领袖的影响,特别是人们在英国大使馆寻求庇护的描述来解释英国的作用。因此,学者得出结论,英国作为一个有效的大国对立宪主义者的间接作用比其直接作用更重要;因此,英国在伊朗宪政形成中的作用是不可否认的,本研究的假设也得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
Proposal for the formation of a critical and active digital citizenship 建议形成一个批判和积极的数字公民
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.474
Antonia Lozano-Díaz a, uan Sebastián Fernández-Prados
Faced with the liberal tradition of the exercise of citizenship, mere observers of obligations and individualists, is the republican tradition that emphasizes citizenship for participation and the defense of the common good. Placing ourselves in the digital sphere and from the republican paradigm, the digital citizen would be a person who exercises his or her rights on the Internet from ethical and critical principles consistent with political activism, in order to promote social change. The aim of this work is to make a proposal to educate a critical digital citizenship, committed, active and involved in online actions and intertwined within the educational process. To this end, we start from the profile and needs of digital citizenship that characterize university students (n=250) and that has been evaluated through the Digital Citizenship Scale of Choi, Glassman and Cristol (2017). The results show young university students with high technical and digital skills who also make frequent use of digital devices to carry out academic and more personal activities. However, the profile is clearly deficient in those aspects that have to do with observing a critical perspective and political activism in the digital field or cyberactivism.
与行使公民权利的自由主义传统、仅仅是义务的观察者和个人主义者相比,强调公民参与和捍卫共同利益的共和传统。将我们置身于数字领域,从共和范式出发,数字公民将是一个从符合政治激进主义的道德和批判原则出发,在互联网上行使自己权利,以促进社会变革的人。这项工作的目的是提出一个建议,教育一个关键的数字公民,承诺,积极参与在线行动,并在教育过程中交织在一起。为此,我们从大学生的数字公民特征和需求开始(n=250),并通过Choi, Glassman和Cristol(2017)的数字公民量表进行了评估。结果显示,拥有高技术和数字技能的年轻大学生也经常使用数字设备进行学术和更多的个人活动。然而,在观察批判性视角和数字领域或网络行动主义的政治活动方面,该档案显然存在缺陷。
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引用次数: 0
Family Before Self:An Understanding of Domestic Violence in India 家庭重于自我:对印度家庭暴力的理解
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.484
S. Gayathri
The identity of an individual in Indian society has been constructed primarily based on the family one belonged to, regardless of one’s status or background. Implied by this belief is that the individual is intertwined with the family for support, construction of value systems, faith, and development. The Indian family has an overarching influence on almost every action of an individual and this paper seeks to establish the link between crime and family through the concept of ‘family violence’. The Indian society is inherently patriarchal, and a clear demarcation of gender roles have perpetrated every sphere. Owing to this, what may be regarded as a crime outside the family is overlooked as normal when it happens in a family. There has always been a general cultural reluctance to recognize family matters as a problem of significant consequence, with the lack of response from the legal system reinforcing the practice of understating family violence a crime. This paper seeks to understand the reasons behind the negligence of scholars to study family violence even though it comes under a variety of disciplines. The paper wishes to problematize the implementation of Constitutional law in the household, with an emphasis on India. If it is deemed appropriate, where does one draw the line between a ‘family matter’ and a criminal act, liable for punishment? This paper wishes to understand the circumstances under which the need for Domestic Violence Protection Act arose in the Indian Penal Code. The paper will also investigate the factors and policy interventions which engender the prejudice people have of gender roles and expectations.
在印度社会,个人身份的构建主要基于其所属的家庭,而与个人的地位或背景无关。这种观念意味着,个人与家庭的支持、价值体系的构建、信仰和发展息息相关。印度家庭几乎对个人的每一个行为都有着至关重要的影响,本文试图通过 "家庭暴力 "的概念来建立犯罪与家庭之间的联系。印度社会本质上是父权制社会,性别角色的明确划分贯穿于各个领域。因此,在家庭之外可能被视为犯罪的行为,在家庭中发生时却被视为正常。一直以来,文化上普遍不愿意承认家庭事务是一个具有重大影响的问题,而法律系统又缺乏应对措施,这就强化了将家庭暴力低估为犯罪的做法。本文试图了解学者们忽视研究家庭暴力背后的原因,尽管家庭暴力属于不同的学科。本文希望以印度为重点,对宪法在家庭中的实施提出质疑。如果认为这是适当的,那么 "家庭事务 "与应受惩罚的犯罪行为之间的界限在哪里?本文希望了解《印度刑法典》在何种情况下需要制定《家庭暴力保护法》。本文还将调查导致人们对性别角色和期望产生偏见的因素和政策干预。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Transnational NGOs’ Activities in Aiding the Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh:A Case Study of the Finnish Red Cross 跨国非政府组织在帮助孟加拉国罗兴亚难民危机中的作用:以芬兰红十字会为例
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.480
A. Amin
In fact, Myanmar's military forces have been deliberately persecuting the Rohingya minority since 1978. In 2017, the Rohingya had to flee Myanmar and, as a result, there was an influx of more than one and half million Rohingya to Bangladesh. The Finnish Red Cross (FRC) had a quick response to the emergency appeal of the International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) on the behalf of the Rohingya in Bangladesh in 2017. This research paper is to learn how the activities of the FRC affected the Rohingya refugees, what challenges were faced by the staff of the FRC, and what part was played by other contributors in cooperation with the FRC. The research materials include primary and secondary data. I used this data in methodological triangulation in a deductive approach. From October 2017 to October 2018, 43,780 patients were treated by the RCEH. The main challenges faced by the staff of the FRC was the lack of local infrastructure, lack of internet availability and so on. In contrast, the Inter Sector Coordinator Group (ISCG) and Bangladesh Red Crescent Society were one of the key contributors in attempting to solve these problems, as well as cooperating with the FRC staff, local government, local and international NGOs, and other agencies. This paper is intended to benefit research on the contribution of international NGOs (INGOs) from a global humanitarian perspective.
事实上,自1978年以来,缅甸军队一直在蓄意迫害罗兴亚少数民族。2017年,罗兴亚人不得不逃离缅甸,结果有150多万罗兴亚人涌入孟加拉国。2017年,芬兰红十字会迅速响应红十字国际联合会代表孟加拉国罗兴亚人发出的紧急呼吁。本研究论文旨在了解财务汇报委员会的活动如何影响罗兴亚难民,财务汇报委员会的工作人员面临哪些挑战,以及与财务汇报委员会合作的其他贡献者发挥了什么作用。研究资料包括一手资料和第二手资料。我用演绎法将这些数据用于方法学三角测量。2017年10月至2018年10月,RCEH治疗了43780例患者。财务汇报局工作人员面临的主要挑战是缺乏本地基础设施,缺乏互联网可用性等等。相反,部门间协调员小组(ISCG)和孟加拉国红新月会是努力解决这些问题的主要贡献者之一,并与财务汇报工作人员、地方政府、地方和国际非政府组织以及其他机构合作。本文旨在从全球人道主义视角研究国际非政府组织(ingo)的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Borderland of sounds Audiosphere of Bergitka Roma world 贝吉特卡罗马世界的Audiosphere
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.486
A. Bujalska
Studies on the Carpathian / Mountain Roma (Bergitka Roma) in the context of audiosphere exploration build innovative contexts whose main aim is to discover the past and present space of group functioning, its heritage, culture, as well as interpersonal relations with outsiders. The novelty of sound research of Bergitka Roma community concerns the lack of previous explorations. The sounds of the Roma towns on the Polish-Slovak border were recorded mainly through songs in the context of collecting materials for ethnographic and folklore purpose, where a special role was attached to text and music than sounds themselves. Sound studies open a completely new approach to the current recognition of Roma soundscape, which in many aspects remain unknown. Sound studies among the Carpathian Roma bring important cognitive benefits for many scientific disciplines due to their interdisciplinary character and open new paths for further exploration. In this paper, I will focus on field recording gathered during research in borderland with Slovakia. I will present first results connected with soundscape of Roma world. I will draw attention to borderland aspects of audiosphere such as cultural melting pot, history and tradition of region, sacred and profane, outsiders and community members. The key issue of this work is also to show that Roma audiosphere is a unique element of their world which protect tradition and own identity.
在听觉圈探索的背景下,对喀尔巴阡山脉/罗马山脉(Bergitka Roma)的研究建立了创新的背景,其主要目的是发现过去和现在的群体功能空间,其遗产,文化以及与外界的人际关系。对Bergitka Roma社区的健全研究的新颖性与以往探索的缺乏有关。波兰斯洛伐克边境的罗姆人城镇的声音主要是通过歌曲记录下来的,目的是为了收集民族志和民间传说的材料,在这种情况下,文本和音乐比声音本身具有特殊的作用。声音研究为当前人们对罗姆音景的认识开辟了一条全新的途径。对喀尔巴阡罗姆人的合理研究,由于其跨学科的特点,为许多科学学科带来了重要的认知益处,并为进一步的探索开辟了新的途径。在本文中,我将重点介绍在斯洛伐克边境地区研究期间收集的实地记录。我将展示与罗马世界音景相关的第一个结果。我将提请注意声音圈的边界方面,如文化大熔炉、区域的历史和传统、神圣与世俗、外来者和社区成员。这项工作的关键问题还在于表明罗姆人的声音圈是他们世界的一个独特元素,可以保护他们的传统和自己的身份。
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引用次数: 0
Democratization of China 中国民主化
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.473
W. Yu
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引用次数: 0
Spanish as a Heritage Language in Europe 西班牙语作为欧洲的传统语言
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.481
Francisca Ferre-Pérez
Heritage language education is becoming more and more important, as the relevance of the students’ multilingual identity with a cultural background and an origin language different to the dominating one increases. Many researches in the USA focuses on the teaching of Spanish as a heritage language (Valdés 2000; Carreira, 2011 y 2018; Potowsky et al. 2009). In the European educational context, as the interest for bilingualism increases, it is argued that the students’ multilingual identity and their heritage language should be considered at all educational levels (Gogolin, 2001). This communication gives an overview of the promotion of Iberian Spanish as a heritage language in Europe. The so called ALCE-program (Aulas de Lengua y Cultura Españolas) offers Spanish language and culture instruction to the immigrant Spaniards’ children from the age of 7 to 17 in countries like Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Great Britain and France. This is one of the most important programs of the Spanish Education Ministry overseas. Interesting questions related to the teaching of Spanish heritage language like curricula, methodology, teachers’ training, materials, and so on, as well as its organization within the reception country educational system will be introduced.
随着学生的多语言身份与文化背景和不同于主导语言的母语的相关性增加,遗产语言教育变得越来越重要。美国的许多研究集中在西班牙语作为传统语言的教学上(vald 2000;卡雷拉,2011 - 2018;Potowsky et al. 2009)。在欧洲的教育背景下,随着对双语的兴趣的增加,有人认为学生的多语言身份和他们的传统语言应该在所有教育水平上得到考虑(Gogolin, 2001)。本来文概述了伊比利亚西班牙语作为一种遗产语言在欧洲的推广情况。所谓的alce项目(Aulas de Lengua y Cultura Españolas)为德国、奥地利、瑞士、英国和法国等国7至17岁的西班牙移民子女提供西班牙语言和文化教育。这是西班牙教育部最重要的海外项目之一。将介绍与西班牙传统语言教学有关的有趣问题,如课程、方法、教师培训、材料等,以及在接收国教育系统内的组织。
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引用次数: 0
Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes against LGBTI 针对LGBTI的性犯罪和基于性别的犯罪
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.472
F. Braga
The paper will provide a snapshot on those crimes committed against people, whether male or female, because of their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression. Since ever, crimes and gross violations of human rights against LGBTI people have been recorded across the world, anytime. The paper will analyze the issue from the international and national perspectives because the vulnerabilities are compounded by a serious lack of systematic legal protection, monitoring, documenting, data collection and accountability in the International Criminal Law (ICL) system and from the wider international community. Crimes motivated by a bias toward gender identity are a global pandemic in the contemporary society. In particular, sexual and gender-based crimes (GBC) are rising in the past few years. GBC are those crimes committed against persons, whether male or female, because of their biological sex or social gender roles. In the international criminal law (ICL) context, sexual and GBC are considered grave violations of international law. Under the Rome Statute, they can be categorized as crimes against humanity, war crimes or acts of genocide depending on how the crimes are committed and in what context. However, it does not exist a specific formulation and definition of GBC, the only crime is persecution on the ground of gender, Article 7(1)(h) of the Rome Statute. Most of LGBTI people who experienced these crimes did not report the event to anyone, including to the police, support organizations, local authorities or health care system. The main reasons are the fear of harassment and further victimization from the criminal justice system and also fear of discrimination from medical providers.
该文件将提供对人们犯下的罪行的快照,无论是男性还是女性,因为他们的性取向,性别认同和表达。从那时起,世界各地随时都有针对LGBTI人群的犯罪和严重侵犯人权的记录。本文将从国际和国家的角度分析这一问题,因为在国际刑法系统和更广泛的国际社会中,严重缺乏系统的法律保护、监测、记录、数据收集和问责使脆弱性更加复杂。以性别认同偏见为动机的犯罪在当代社会是一种全球性的流行病。特别是性犯罪和基于性别的犯罪(GBC)在过去几年中呈上升趋势。GBC是指基于生理性别或社会性别角色而对男性或女性犯下的罪行。在国际刑法范围内,性和性别暴力被视为严重违反国际法的行为。根据《罗马规约》,这些罪行可被归类为危害人类罪、战争罪或种族灭绝行为,具体取决于罪行的实施方式和背景。但是,不存在性别歧视的具体提法和定义,唯一的罪行是基于性别的迫害,《罗马规约》第7(1)(h)条。大多数经历过这些犯罪的LGBTI人没有向任何人报告,包括警察、支持组织、地方当局或医疗保健系统。主要原因是害怕受到刑事司法系统的骚扰和进一步受害,也害怕受到医疗服务提供者的歧视。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of The 3rd International Academic Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences
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