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The impact of terrorism and military expenditure on economic growth:evidence from PANEL ARDL model 恐怖主义和军费开支对经济增长的影响:来自PANEL ARDL模型的证据
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.466
Emna Saidi, G. Boulila
The arms industry can be considered as a double-edged sword, while some researchers see that military expenditure and arms trade can promote wars, by augmenting tensions between countries, others believe that this industry is a good strategy to guarantee order and security, or to fight terrorism. It is also important to know that some authors believe that the direct effect of terrorism is restricted, others see that terrorism can lead to big economic losses. Therefore, the impact of military spending and terrorism on economic growth stays always ambiguous. Unlike the majority of studies that have compared the impact of military spending and terrorism on economic growth in low-income and high-income countries, our work aims to compare the effect of these variables on economic growth in the biggest arms importing and exporting countries during the period 1994-2017 Using a panel ARDL approach we confirmed the co-integration between military expenditure, terrorism and economic growth and we concluded that the impact of defense spending and terrorism is more undesirable in arms importing countries than in arms exporting countries: The PMG estimator was used for arms exporting countries where defense spending has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the short term but not in the long term. Otherwise, terrorism doesn’t affect economic growth both in the long and short term. The MG estimator was used for arms importing countries: in the short term, terrorism and military expenditure don’t affect economic growth. Conversely, in the long term, their effect becomes significantly negative.
军火工业可以被认为是一把双刃剑,一些研究人员认为军费开支和武器贸易可以通过增加国家之间的紧张局势来促进战争,另一些人则认为这个行业是保障秩序和安全或打击恐怖主义的好策略。同样重要的是要知道,一些作者认为恐怖主义的直接影响是有限的,另一些人认为恐怖主义可能导致巨大的经济损失。因此,军费开支和恐怖主义对经济增长的影响总是模棱两可的。与大多数比较军费开支和恐怖主义对低收入和高收入国家经济增长影响的研究不同,我们的工作旨在比较1994-2017年期间这些变量对最大武器进口国和出口国经济增长的影响。恐怖主义和经济增长,我们得出结论,国防开支和恐怖主义的影响在武器进口国比在武器出口国更不受欢迎:PMG估计器用于武器出口国,其中国防开支在短期内对经济增长有负面和显著的影响,但在长期内没有。否则,恐怖主义在长期和短期内都不会影响经济增长。MG估计值用于武器进口国:在短期内,恐怖主义和军事开支不会影响经济增长。相反,从长期来看,它们的影响会变得非常消极。
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引用次数: 0
New methodologies to improve the chemistry learning at University 提高大学化学教学质量的新方法
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3RD.IACHSS.2019.08.469
M. M. López-Guerrero, G. L. Guerrero, Maria Teresa Siles-Cordero, Elisa Isabel Vereda-Alonso
The main objective was to improve the learning of Chemistry subject using Flipped classroom, because it makes class time more engaging. The lecture portion of General Chemistry courses in engineer’s degrees have been pushed outside the classroom using prerecording technology and steaming delivery of content, to make classes more interactive and participative. The Flipped classroom model has become one of the main topics in the higher education space in recent years thanks to improvements in technology. Those videos where recorded by the students about themes like radioactivity, chemistry bonds, the evolution of the atom theory, and so on. Those videos were showed on classes and after the videos were evaluated using a rubric. Statistical significance of the data has shown, and proved with, that implementing the Flipped classroom model could not only benefit professors, but also it could also help us adapt the classes to the various learning styles that exist among the students.
主要目的是利用翻转课堂提高化学学科的学习,因为它使课堂时间更有吸引力。工程学位普通化学课程的课堂部分采用预录技术和内容的蒸汽传送,将课堂推送到课堂外,使课堂更具互动性和参与性。近年来,由于技术的进步,翻转课堂模式已经成为高等教育领域的主要话题之一。这些视频是由学生录制的,主题包括放射性、化学键、原子理论的演变等等。这些视频在课堂上播放,然后用评分法对视频进行评估。数据的统计意义表明,并证明,实施翻转课堂模式不仅可以使教授受益,而且还可以帮助我们调整课程,以适应学生之间存在的各种学习方式。
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引用次数: 0
Bremen mission’s heritage in Amedzofe 不莱梅教会在阿梅德佐菲的遗产
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.468
Yao Joseph Homadji Ladzekpo
Broadly a lot of scholarly work has been done on the history, archaeology, religion, slavery and colonialism of Volta Region of Ghana then the Trans-Volta Togoland but no research work have been specifically done on the Bremen mission’s heritage in Amedzofe. And this study sought to bridge the gap by using the audiovisual medium to collect and present data on specific aspects of heritage, culture, religion, social life, economic, built environment, ethno-medicine, and nature of the Amedzofe community. The study used a multiple of research methods to collect and present data on the Settlement history and on the Bremen mission’s heritage in Amedzofe. This methodological option was informed by the fact that there are multiple stakeholders in the use and preservation of these heritage properties in Amedzofe. Primary and secondary empirical data were collected during the fieldwork in Amedzofe and Accra. The findings of the study reveal that the Bremen Mission brought about both tangible and intangible influences on the people and community of Amedzofe. These legacies include social and religious, coupled with Amedzofe’s own natural heritage, it is apparent that there is a rich heritage mix cultural landscape, natural and cultural heritage properties left behind as a result of the coexistence. Further results indicate that these heritage properties are of immense value to the community, but lack the knowhow to maintain, develop them for todays use and also preserved them for the future generations.
在历史、考古、宗教、奴隶制和殖民主义方面,人们做了大量的学术工作,包括加纳的伏尔塔地区,以及跨伏尔塔多哥兰,但没有人专门研究不莱梅传教会在阿梅德佐菲的遗产。本研究试图通过使用视听媒介来收集和呈现关于遗产、文化、宗教、社会生活、经济、建筑环境、民族医学和Amedzofe社区性质的具体方面的数据,从而弥合这一差距。这项研究使用了多种研究方法来收集和展示关于定居点历史和不莱梅特派团在阿梅德佐菲的遗产的数据。这一方法选择的依据是,在Amedzofe这些遗产的使用和保护方面有多个利益相关者。在Amedzofe和Accra的实地调查中收集了第一手和第二手的经验数据。研究结果表明,不来梅传教会对阿梅德佐菲人民和社区产生了有形和无形的影响。这些遗产包括社会和宗教遗产,再加上Amedzofe本身的自然遗产,很明显,这里有丰富的文化景观遗产,自然遗产和文化遗产并存的结果。进一步的结果表明,这些遗产对社区具有巨大的价值,但缺乏维护、开发它们以供今天使用的知识,也缺乏为后代保存它们的知识。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship between the Dramatic Script and the Performance; Centered around the Performer’s Body 论戏剧剧本与表演的关系以表演者身体为中心
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.464
Samin Gheitasy, Leila Montazeri, Simin Dowlatkhah
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引用次数: 0
Understanding an Indigenous Indian Himalayan Folklore: Jagar as Emotion Discourse 理解土著印度喜马拉雅民间传说:美洲虎作为情感话语
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.467
S. Negi
Modern approach in urban world is more towards outside development and lesser we are concerned to the emotions inside. In the present scenario, jagar, a ritual performed in rural Uttarakhand attempts to awake and release the deep rooted psyche of human beings. The present paper examines how jagar is performed as emotion discourse in indigenous set-up of central Himalayan, India. Jagar is a popular folklore of central Himalayas in India which is co-existed with mainstream Hinduism for ages. Traditionally in its classical form, it is performed as ritual to awaken supernatural powers of God, local deities and dead sprits (ghosts). The word Jagar is originated from ancient Indian Sanskrit language, ‘jaga’ which means to awake. The narrator of jagar is called jagariya who through indigenous musical instruments narrates/ sings ballads of God or dead spirits with allusions to Indian epics: Mahabharat/ Ramayana. In rural Uttarakhand, India, Jagar is an organized ritual to seek divine intervention to the problems or to receive blessings of God. In recent years, jagar has also been diversified as popular music in urban Uttarakhand. The credit of its popularity goes to jagariya as well as folk artist who came forward to exhibit jagar by using various medium of entertainment. In today’s context, Stefan Fiol in his book, Recasting Folk in the Himalayas writes about the significance of jagar as “an important marker of regional belonging and devotional expression for many migrants living far from home”(24). The findings of the study are based on the performance of Jagar in Nerul village in Pauri district, Uttarakhand. The residents of the village and migrants from various states of India have gathered to participate in a five days yajana ceremony from 6 June to 10 June 2019. In the present paper, the jagar and its response among the masses as attendees & participants has been noted and analyzed as emotional discourse.
城市世界的现代方式更多地关注外部的发展,而较少关注内部的情感。在当前的场景中,jagar,一种在北阿坎德邦农村举行的仪式,试图唤醒和释放人类根深蒂固的心灵。本文考察了美洲虎是如何在喜马拉雅中部印度的土著设置中作为情感话语进行的。Jagar是印度喜马拉雅山脉中部流行的民间传说,与主流印度教共存多年。传统上,它的古典形式是作为一种仪式来唤醒上帝、当地神灵和死去的灵魂(鬼魂)的超自然力量。Jagar这个词起源于古印度梵语“jaga”,意思是清醒。jagar的叙述者被称为jagariya,他通过土著乐器讲述/唱上帝或死去的灵魂的歌谣,典故印度史诗:摩诃婆罗特/罗摩衍那。在印度北阿坎德邦的农村,Jagar是一种有组织的仪式,寻求神对问题的干预或接受上帝的祝福。近年来,jagar在北阿坎德邦的城市也成为流行音乐。它的流行归功于jagariya以及民间艺术家,他们通过各种娱乐媒介来展示jagar。在今天的背景下,Stefan Fiol在他的书《喜马拉雅山脉的重塑民俗》中写道,美洲豹的重要性是“许多远离家乡的移民的地区归属感和虔诚表达的重要标志”(24)。这项研究的结果是基于Jagar在北阿坎德邦Pauri区的Nerul村的表现。该村的居民和来自印度各邦的移民聚集在一起,参加了2019年6月6日至6月10日为期五天的亚贾纳仪式。在本文中,作为参会者和参与者的大众对美洲虎的反应被作为一种情感话语加以注意和分析。
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引用次数: 0
Death penalty (retaliation) or recommended amnesty in Islam 死刑(报复)或伊斯兰教建议大赦
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.465
Seyed Ali Razavian
One of the retributive institution of Islam is Qisas (retaliation) lexical meaning of retaliation is tracking and chasing the effect of something in order to avenge. In technical meaning is to get mutual reprisal and assassination of a crime committed in the deliberate murder, amputation and deliberate attack on the innocents, in such a way that crime continues to be exactly the same. Confirmation and execution of retribution is subject to conditions where the absence of any of them can prevent the execution of retribution that is been examined in the article. It can be said that one of the goals of retaliation and perhaps the most important goal is to preserve the social system and this long-term goal is not provided unless human beings, by means of reformation or through intimidation and fear of punishment, commit acts that Distorting the pillars of the social system. In traditional Islamic law (sharia),although the principle of retaliation in crimes against the physical integrity of individuals is accepted by the conditions, but Legislator( God) has always recommended and emphasized for the amnesty and forgiveness of qisas (death penalty), and with the promise of the future rewards for the amnesty, considered amnesty to be superior to retaliation .In other words, the legal system of Islam, in response to such crimes, has considered two important principles of justice and mercy. Given the above, it can be said that as much as it is important to investigate the punishment of retribution and its conditions of fulfillment, the issue of the fall of qisas (retaliation), despite the fact that the retribution, require attention and review and explanation because the cases of the fall of retaliation, as they occur, eventually lead to the death penalty, such as the execution of retribution, are vital. In the present article, not only the advantages of the Qisas have been analyzed to some extend but also examined the superiority of forgiveness rather than retaliation .To prepare and collect article employed from all available and accessible sources in relation to the subject of the book, such as books and articles of jurisprudence, verses of the Holy Qur'an, hadiths and verses of the Ayimah (as) jurisprudential theories of the public and Imamiyah , the collection of laws And regulations related to the subject matter.
伊斯兰教的报应制度之一是Qisas(报复),报复的词汇含义是追踪和追逐某事的效果,以报复。在技术意义上是指相互报复和暗杀的一种犯罪行为,在蓄意谋杀、截肢和蓄意攻击无辜者的情况下,使犯罪行为继续保持完全相同。确认和执行报复须符合以下条件:没有任何条件都可以阻止执行本条所审查的报复。可以说,报复的目标之一,也许是最重要的目标是维护社会制度,除非人类通过改革或通过恐吓和对惩罚的恐惧,犯下扭曲社会制度支柱的行为,否则无法实现这一长期目标。在传统的伊斯兰教法(sharia)中,虽然报复原则在侵犯个人身体完整的犯罪中是被条件所接受的,但立法者(真主)一直建议和强调对qisas(死刑)的大赦和宽恕,并承诺对大赦的未来奖励,认为大赦优于报复。换句话说,伊斯兰教的法律制度,针对这类犯罪,考虑了正义和仁慈这两个重要原则。综上所述,可以说,尽管调查报复的惩罚及其履行条件很重要,但是,尽管存在报复,但仍需要注意、审查和解释qisas(报复)的失效问题,因为发生报复失效的案件,最终会导致死刑,例如执行报复,这是至关重要的。在本文中,不仅在一定程度上分析了Qisas的优点,而且还检验了宽恕而不是报复的优越性。准备和收集与这本书的主题有关的所有可用和可获得的来源的文章,例如法理学的书籍和文章,《古兰经》的经文,圣训和Ayimah(作为公众和伊玛目的法理学理论)的经文,与标的有关的法律、法规的集合。
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引用次数: 0
The Enhancement of Cultural Literacy of Young People: Engagement of Heritage Sites 提高青少年的文化素养:文物遗址的参与
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.470
Anita Stašulāne
Based on the mapping undertaken in the EU Horizon 2020 Programme research project “Cultural Heritage and Identities of Europe’s Future” (CHIEF, Agreement No. 770464), the National History Museum of Latvia in Riga and the Mark Rothko Art Centre in Daugavpils were selected to compare how the cultural heritage is represented and offered to young people in the mainstream heritage site and in the alternative heritage site. The proposed presentation will outline the results of fieldwork carried out from (February 1 March 30, 2019) in the selected heritage sites. The data obtained from the semi-structured in-depth expert interviews made it possible to discuss: (1) the implementation of the cultural heritage policy in heritage sites; (2) understanding of the concepts “culture”, “national cultural heritage”, “regional cultural heritage”, “European cultural heritage”; (3) the contribution of cultural heritage sites to the enhancement of young people’s cultural literacy. The selection of the heritage sites provided by the strategy of the CHIEF project, i.e. to focus on the mainstream and alternative heritage sites simultaneously for the purpose of exploring the offer for young people’s cultural education, has proved its worth since the comparison shows the common and different aspects, advantages and problems/drawbacks in the operation of both institutions.
根据欧盟地平线2020计划研究项目“文化遗产和欧洲未来的身份”(CHIEF,第770464号协议)所进行的测绘,我们选择了里加的拉脱维亚国家历史博物馆和道格夫匹尔斯的马克·罗斯科艺术中心,比较文化遗产在主流遗产地和另类遗产地的表现和提供给年轻人的方式。建议的报告将概述从2019年2月1日至3月30日在选定的遗产地进行的实地调查结果。通过半结构化的深度专家访谈获得的数据,可以讨论:(1)文化遗产政策在遗产地的实施;(2)对“文化”、“民族文化遗产”、“地域文化遗产”、“欧洲文化遗产”等概念的理解;(3)文化遗产地对提高青少年文化素养的贡献。“CHIEF”计划的策略,即同时关注主流和另类的文物地点,以探讨对青少年文化教育的建议,其所提供的文物地点的选择证明了其价值,因为比较显示了两个机构在运作方面的共同点和不同之处,优势和问题/缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic Landscape of the City of Rijeka during the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国时期里耶卡市的语言景观
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.475
Marina Rončević, Mladen Marinac
This paper examines multilingual usage and cultural pluralism in the public life of the city of Rijeka in the historical period from 1945 to 1990. That is the period after the Second World War, the era of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), marked by the emergence of a new collective identity. The aim of the study is to investigate the level of influence of political, economic and social changes on language usage and the choice of language(s) in the period of advanced industrialization, urbanization and globalization using an interdisciplinary approach, that is contemporary linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic research that deals with the issue of cultural and language diversity of multicultural and multilingual environments. The paper focuses on the analysis of dynamics of pragmatic and symbolic dimensions of language usage in the city’s history. It is based on the historical analysis of signs of the lingusitc landscape by exploring archive materials and popular newspapers for that period. In order to achieve that, the method of deliberate sampling was used. It seems that political and language ideology is reflected in signs of the lingustic landscape. Thus, given the small number of Italians, the emerging bilingualism (Croatian-Italian) gradually disappeared. Based on the analysis of signs, those languages that are used in the langauge community of Rijeka are part of its lingusitc landscape. Furthermore, it is possible to speak about bilingual, however not multilingual population.
本文考察了1945年至1990年历史时期里耶卡市公共生活中的多语言使用和文化多元化。这是第二次世界大战后的时期,是南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国(南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国)的时代,其特点是出现了一种新的集体认同。本研究的目的是利用跨学科的方法,即当代语言学、人类学和社会语言学研究,探讨多元文化和多语言环境中的文化和语言多样性问题,调查先进工业化、城市化和全球化时期政治、经济和社会变化对语言使用和语言选择的影响程度。本文着重分析了城市历史中语言使用的语用和符号维度的动态变化。本文通过对该时期的档案资料和流行报纸的研究,对语言景观的标志进行了历史分析。为了实现这一目标,采用了故意抽样的方法。似乎政治和语言意识形态都反映在语言景观的符号中。因此,由于意大利人人数少,正在出现的双语(克罗地亚语-意大利语)逐渐消失。根据对符号的分析,在里耶卡语言社区中使用的语言是其语言景观的一部分。此外,可以说是双语人口,而不是多语人口。
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引用次数: 0
Political Violence and Religion in Europe 欧洲的政治暴力与宗教
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.477
J. Fernández-Prados, Antonia Lozano-Díaz, Alexandra Ainz-Galende
The fifth wave and latest European Values Study (2017-18) offers once again the opportunity to analyze the values, beliefs, opinions, attitudes and behaviors of European societies. One of the challenges facing the European Union is the political violence manifested in the emergence of the extreme right (Rydgren, 2018), radical protests (Rak, 2018) or fundamentalist terrorisms (Sageman, 2017). Although violence is increasingly studied, it is very difficult to define especially when it responds to collective actors or social groups, however, we can agree that political violence is the violent action of organized groups to modify power structures (Moreno, 2009). In this communication we intend to carry out a descriptive and explanatory approach to the justification of political violence (within question 44 of the European Values Study). Within the set of explanatory variables, we will dwell on the role played by religion in its different aspects (importance of religion and god, belonging to religious organizations, religious practice, religious confession, trust in other religions, etc.) (Aslan & Hermansen, 2017; Dingley & Mollica, 2018).
第五波和最新的欧洲价值观研究(2017-18)再次提供了分析欧洲社会的价值观、信仰、观点、态度和行为的机会。欧盟面临的挑战之一是政治暴力,表现在极右翼(Rydgren, 2018)、激进抗议(Rak, 2018)或原教旨主义恐怖主义(Sageman, 2017)的出现。虽然对暴力的研究越来越多,但很难定义,特别是当它对集体行为者或社会团体作出反应时,然而,我们可以同意政治暴力是有组织团体修改权力结构的暴力行动(Moreno, 2009)。在本来文中,我们打算对政治暴力的正当性采取一种描述性和解释性的方法(在《欧洲价值研究》问题44内)。在解释变量集合内,我们将详述宗教在其不同方面所起的作用(宗教和上帝的重要性,属于宗教组织,宗教实践,宗教忏悔,对其他宗教的信任等)(Aslan & Hermansen, 2017;Dingley & Mollica, 2018)。
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引用次数: 0
The Education Management Information System:a key element to effectively monitor and evaluate a country’s educational strategies 教育管理信息系统:有效监测和评价一个国家教育战略的关键要素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33422/3rd.iachss.2019.08.485
Daniel Bojte
A properly designed and implemented Educational Management Information System (EMIS) assures precise, fluid and timely datasets which can be effectively used to monitor and evaluate national strategies. Data needs to be easily interpreted and a powerful EMIS is able to provide tools to extract the insights required by the policy makers and decision takers. As it is not only an IT tool or a database, but rather a multi-faceted framework that includes technological and institutional provisions for information collection, processing, and dissemination in an educational scheme, an EMIS is vital for monitoring changes, ensuring data quality and prompt reporting of significant planning and management information. The expanded scope of the fourth Sustainable and Development Goal within the UN’s 2030 Agenda pushes EMIS to go far beyond administrative information, to information that can inform long-term instructional outcomes policies. EMIS should also investigate the connection between academic results and other socio-economic development industries, such as poverty alleviation, health, and jobs. This paper highlights the role and the importance of an effective EMIS in monitoring and evaluating the Romanian national strategies in education as part of the country’s effort to align to the international educational standards regarding the access, participation and quality.
一个适当设计和实施的教育管理信息系统(EMIS)可确保精确、流畅和及时的数据集,可有效地用于监测和评价国家战略。数据需要易于解释,强大的EMIS能够提供工具来提取决策者和决策者所需的见解。由于它不仅是一个信息技术工具或数据库,而且是一个多方面的框架,其中包括在教育计划中收集、处理和传播信息的技术和体制规定,因此EMIS对于监测变化、确保数据质量和及时报告重要的规划和管理信息至关重要。联合国2030年议程中第四个可持续发展目标的范围扩大,推动EMIS远远超出了行政信息的范畴,成为可以为长期教学成果政策提供信息的信息。管理信息系统还应调查学业成绩与其他社会经济发展产业,如减轻贫穷、保健和就业之间的联系。本文强调了有效的EMIS在监测和评估罗马尼亚国家教育战略方面的作用和重要性,这是罗马尼亚努力与国际教育准入、参与和质量标准保持一致的一部分。
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