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Joint epidemiological longitudinal dental survey in Nigeria, especially in comparison with that of Japanese. 尼日利亚联合流行病学纵向牙科调查,特别是与日本的比较。
K Kubota, N O Hollist, A O Olusile, M Yonemitsu, S Minakuchi, H Watanabe, K Ohsawa, M Ohnishi, Y Ono, S O Ajayi-Obe

Since 1980 we carried out a longitudinal dental survey in Ile-Ife, as a joint study with the dental school of Ife University, Nigeria, being supported by A Grant under The Monbusho International Scientific Research Program for ten years. One thousand one hundred seventy-one children and adults were examined in the 1991 survey. The data were compared with the data in the previous survey and Japanese survey. Results were as follows: 1) Caries prevalence rate and the average number of DMFT were still very low, especially showing that both the caries prevalence and the average number of DMFT decreased in the rural areas because the attrition proceeded faster than the caries, 2) Nigerian deciduous and permanent dentition were larger than in the Japanese in all items measured, 3) the condylar head was transformed from the round shape to the ultra-flat shape with age, 4) there was a fewer incidence of severe periodontal diseases despite of the marked deposition of calculus, 5) with respect to Nigerian foods, there was no difference between the rainy and dry seasons in both the urban and rural communities, 6) the weaning period of the baby is decided by their mother, taking care of the health of the baby, almost all babies at one year to two years and a few at three years and 7) the menu for the breakfast, lunch and supper of the baby was made considering the nutritional aspect of the baby.

自1980年以来,我们与尼日利亚伊夫大学牙科学院联合开展了一项纵向牙科调查,在Monbusho国际科学研究计划的资助下进行了十年的研究。1991年的调查调查了1171名儿童和成人。这些数据与之前的调查和日本的调查数据进行了比较。结果如下:1)龋齿患病率和DMFT平均数量仍然很低,特别是农村地区的龋齿患病率和DMFT平均数量都有所下降,因为磨蚀速度比龋齿快;2)尼日利亚乳牙和恒牙的各项测量均大于日本人;3)随着年龄的增长,髁突头由圆形向超扁平转变。4)有严重的牙周疾病的发生率少,尽管明显沉积的微积分,5)对尼日利亚食品,雨季和旱季没有区别在城市和农村,6)断奶期的孩子由他们的母亲决定的,照顾婴儿的健康,几乎所有的婴儿在一年到两年和几个三年和7)早餐的菜单,婴儿的午餐和晚餐是考虑到婴儿的营养方面。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical properties of artificial teeth. 人工牙的机械性能。
K Shimoyama, T Uchida, M Nagao, K Odagiri, Y Shirasaki, T Tateishi

In selecting the teeth for fabrication of complete or partial dentures, each patient's anatomic and physiologic requirements and the properties of the artificial teeth themselves should be taken into consideration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the artificial teeth by the static compression test and the impact test. Specimens were the lower first molar porcelain and resin teeth (Livdent FB-20 teeth by G. C. Co., Tokyo, Japan). All were of the same shape. In the static compression test, the fracture load and deformation of the artificial teeth were measured with an Instron-type universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min. Elastic modulus, ultimate strength and absorbed energy were calculated. In the impact test, the acceleration of a falling impactor was measured with a drop impact apparatus. The load applied to the specimen was equivalent to 300N. Absorbed energy and deformation were calculated. The resin teeth showed a lower elastic modulus, higher fracture toughness and shock-absorbing ability than the porcelain teeth. Resin teeth should be selected when the first requisite is high shock-absorbing ability, and porcelain teeth should be selected when the first requisite is high masticating efficiency.

在选择用于制造全口或局部义齿的牙齿时,应考虑每位患者的解剖和生理要求以及假牙本身的特性。本研究的目的是通过静态压缩试验和冲击试验来评价人工牙的力学性能。标本为下第一磨牙瓷牙和树脂牙(Livdent FB-20 teeth by g.c. Co, Tokyo, Japan)。它们的形状都一样。在静态压缩试验中,采用instron型万能试验机,以1.0 mm/min的十字头速度测量假牙的断裂载荷和变形。计算了弹性模量、极限强度和吸收能。在冲击试验中,用落锤冲击装置测量了落锤的加速度。施加在试样上的荷载相当于300N。计算了吸收能量和变形。树脂牙具有较低的弹性模量,较高的断裂韧性和吸震能力。当第一条件是高减震能力时应选择树脂牙,当第一条件是高咀嚼效率时应选择瓷牙。
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引用次数: 0
Study on morphology of mandibular corpus and ramus influencing the eruption of mandibular first permanent molar. 下颌骨体支形态对下颌第一恒磨牙出牙影响的研究。
Y F Lin

The mandibular first permanent molar has been reported to be the first permanent tooth to erupt. However, according to the recent reports, a considerable increase in the number of children has been observed with the eruption of the mandibular first permanent molar after the eruption of the mandibular central incisor. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any morphological difference in the mandible including the mandibular corpus and the ramus between the subjects with the mandibular first permanent molar erupting prior to the mandibular central incisor (Group A) and the subjects with the mandibular central incisor erupting prior to the mandibular first permanent molar (Group B). Lateral, posteroanterior, 45-degree oblique cephalometric radiographs and dental plaster models were used as the materials. Based on the data statistically analyzed, the results are summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were found in the conventional angular lateral cephalometric measurements between the two groups. 2. No significant difference was found in the mandibular length between the two groups. 3. Significant differences were found in the mandibular corpus and the ramus between the two groups. In other words, the children in Group A have a narrower ramus, longer corpus and a larger eruption space for the mandibular first permanent molar than the children in Group B. These results indicate that even though there was no significant difference in the anteroposterior dimension of the mandible between the two groups, the internal proportion of the mandible represented as the ratio between the corpus and ramus was significantly different. This may suggest that the different proportional constituents of the mandible have a close relationship with the eruption timing of the mandibular first permanent molar.

据报道,下颌第一恒磨牙是第一颗长出的恒牙。然而,根据最近的报道,观察到在下颌中切牙出牙后出现下颌第一恒磨牙的儿童数量有相当大的增加。本研究的目的是探讨下颌第一恒磨牙先于下颌中切牙出牙的受试者(A组)和下颌中切牙先于下颌第一恒磨牙出牙的受试者(B组)在下颌骨包括下颌骨体和支的形态学上是否存在差异。采用45度斜位头颅x线片和牙石膏模型作为材料。通过对数据的统计分析,得出以下结论:1。两组之间的常规角度侧位测量结果无显著差异。2. 两组患者下颌骨长度差异无统计学意义。3.两组在下颌骨体和支上均有显著差异。即与b组相比,A组患儿的下颌第一恒磨牙支更窄,体更长,出牙空间更大。这说明,尽管两组患儿下颌骨的前后尺寸没有显著差异,但以体支比表示的下颌骨内部比例存在显著差异。这可能表明不同比例的下颌骨成分与下颌第一恒磨牙的出牙时间有密切的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Study on morphology of mandibular corpus and ramus influencing the eruption of mandibular first permanent molar. 下颌骨体支形态对下颌第一恒磨牙出牙影响的研究。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.11501/3094698
Y. F. Lin
The mandibular first permanent molar has been reported to be the first permanent tooth to erupt. However, according to the recent reports, a considerable increase in the number of children has been observed with the eruption of the mandibular first permanent molar after the eruption of the mandibular central incisor. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any morphological difference in the mandible including the mandibular corpus and the ramus between the subjects with the mandibular first permanent molar erupting prior to the mandibular central incisor (Group A) and the subjects with the mandibular central incisor erupting prior to the mandibular first permanent molar (Group B). Lateral, posteroanterior, 45-degree oblique cephalometric radiographs and dental plaster models were used as the materials. Based on the data statistically analyzed, the results are summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were found in the conventional angular lateral cephalometric measurements between the two groups. 2. No significant difference was found in the mandibular length between the two groups. 3. Significant differences were found in the mandibular corpus and the ramus between the two groups. In other words, the children in Group A have a narrower ramus, longer corpus and a larger eruption space for the mandibular first permanent molar than the children in Group B. These results indicate that even though there was no significant difference in the anteroposterior dimension of the mandible between the two groups, the internal proportion of the mandible represented as the ratio between the corpus and ramus was significantly different. This may suggest that the different proportional constituents of the mandible have a close relationship with the eruption timing of the mandibular first permanent molar.
据报道,下颌第一恒磨牙是第一颗长出的恒牙。然而,根据最近的报道,观察到在下颌中切牙出牙后出现下颌第一恒磨牙的儿童数量有相当大的增加。本研究的目的是探讨下颌第一恒磨牙先于下颌中切牙出牙的受试者(A组)和下颌中切牙先于下颌第一恒磨牙出牙的受试者(B组)在下颌骨包括下颌骨体和支的形态学上是否存在差异。采用45度斜位头颅x线片和牙石膏模型作为材料。通过对数据的统计分析,得出以下结论:1。两组之间的常规角度侧位测量结果无显著差异。2. 两组患者下颌骨长度差异无统计学意义。3.两组在下颌骨体和支上均有显著差异。即与b组相比,A组患儿的下颌第一恒磨牙支更窄,体更长,出牙空间更大。这说明,尽管两组患儿下颌骨的前后尺寸没有显著差异,但以体支比表示的下颌骨内部比例存在显著差异。这可能表明不同比例的下颌骨成分与下颌第一恒磨牙的出牙时间有密切的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of immunodominant antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 in high responder patients. 高应答患者牙龈卟啉单胞菌381免疫优势抗原分析。
E A Boutsi

The purpose of this study was to determine the immunodominant antigens of P. gingivalis 381 and to examine their composition and molecular weight. Fourteen periodontal patients, with high antibody titers to P. gingivalis 381 sonicated extract, were selected. Whole cell fraction, sonicated extract and outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis 381 were used as antigens in the untreated form as well as in the heated form and treated with papain. Total volume of sugar, protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was estimated in each one of the three antigens. Antibody binding capacity to the three antigens was evaluated, before and after heat and papain treatment, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the immunoblotting analysis was performed. The quantitative assays showed that the whole cell fraction contained about ten times more LPS than the other two preparations while the outer membrane protein contained twice the amount of carbohydrates than the other two preparations. The 14 sera were classified into three groups according to the rate of reduction of antibody binding under heat and papain treatment. Concerning heat treatment, most of the sera showed a high reduction of antibody binding when reacting with the sonicated extract. However, antibody binding to the outer membrane protein antigen was hardly decreased by heat treatment in three sera. Also, these three sera showed almost the same response to the whole cell fraction antigen under heat treatment. Under papain treatment, almost all sera showed a moderate reduction of antibody binding when they reacted with the sonicated extract and whole cell fraction while they showed a low reduction of antibody binding when they reacted with the outer membrane protein. From the present study it could be concluded that a main proteinaceous antigen of P. gingivalis was recognized by the majority of the patients suggesting that the proteinaceous portion is an important part of the antigen, while some patients seemed to recognize the LPS or carbohydrate as the antigenic determinant.

本研究的目的是测定牙龈假单胞菌381的免疫优势抗原,并检测其组成和分子量。选择对牙龈假单胞菌381超声提取物具有高抗体滴度的牙周患者14例。以牙龈假单胞菌381的全细胞部分、超声提取液和外膜蛋白为抗原,分别进行了未处理和加热后的木瓜蛋白酶处理。测定三种抗原中糖、蛋白质和脂多糖(LPS)的总体积。通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)评估热和木瓜蛋白酶处理前后抗体对三种抗原的结合能力。此外,进行免疫印迹分析。定量分析表明,全细胞部分的脂多糖含量是另外两种制剂的10倍左右,外膜蛋白的碳水化合物含量是另外两种制剂的2倍左右。根据热和木瓜蛋白酶处理下抗体结合降低率将14份血清分为3组。在热处理方面,大多数血清在与超声提取液反应时显示出抗体结合的高度降低。然而,三种血清经热处理后,抗体与外膜蛋白抗原的结合几乎没有降低。同时,这三种血清在热处理下对全细胞抗原表现出几乎相同的反应。在木瓜蛋白酶处理下,几乎所有血清与超声提取液和全细胞部分反应时,抗体结合率均有中等程度的降低,而与外膜蛋白反应时,抗体结合率则有较低的降低。从本研究可以看出,牙龈假单胞菌的主要蛋白质抗原被大多数患者识别,提示蛋白质部分是抗原的重要组成部分,而一些患者似乎将LPS或碳水化合物识别为抗原决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of immunodominant antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 in high responder patients. 高应答患者牙龈卟啉单胞菌381免疫优势抗原分析。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.11501/3103439
E. Boutsi
The purpose of this study was to determine the immunodominant antigens of P. gingivalis 381 and to examine their composition and molecular weight. Fourteen periodontal patients, with high antibody titers to P. gingivalis 381 sonicated extract, were selected. Whole cell fraction, sonicated extract and outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis 381 were used as antigens in the untreated form as well as in the heated form and treated with papain. Total volume of sugar, protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was estimated in each one of the three antigens. Antibody binding capacity to the three antigens was evaluated, before and after heat and papain treatment, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the immunoblotting analysis was performed. The quantitative assays showed that the whole cell fraction contained about ten times more LPS than the other two preparations while the outer membrane protein contained twice the amount of carbohydrates than the other two preparations. The 14 sera were classified into three groups according to the rate of reduction of antibody binding under heat and papain treatment. Concerning heat treatment, most of the sera showed a high reduction of antibody binding when reacting with the sonicated extract. However, antibody binding to the outer membrane protein antigen was hardly decreased by heat treatment in three sera. Also, these three sera showed almost the same response to the whole cell fraction antigen under heat treatment. Under papain treatment, almost all sera showed a moderate reduction of antibody binding when they reacted with the sonicated extract and whole cell fraction while they showed a low reduction of antibody binding when they reacted with the outer membrane protein. From the present study it could be concluded that a main proteinaceous antigen of P. gingivalis was recognized by the majority of the patients suggesting that the proteinaceous portion is an important part of the antigen, while some patients seemed to recognize the LPS or carbohydrate as the antigenic determinant.
本研究的目的是测定牙龈假单胞菌381的免疫优势抗原,并检测其组成和分子量。选择对牙龈假单胞菌381超声提取物具有高抗体滴度的牙周患者14例。以牙龈假单胞菌381的全细胞部分、超声提取液和外膜蛋白为抗原,分别进行了未处理和加热后的木瓜蛋白酶处理。测定三种抗原中糖、蛋白质和脂多糖(LPS)的总体积。通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)评估热和木瓜蛋白酶处理前后抗体对三种抗原的结合能力。此外,进行免疫印迹分析。定量分析表明,全细胞部分的脂多糖含量是另外两种制剂的10倍左右,外膜蛋白的碳水化合物含量是另外两种制剂的2倍左右。根据热和木瓜蛋白酶处理下抗体结合降低率将14份血清分为3组。在热处理方面,大多数血清在与超声提取液反应时显示出抗体结合的高度降低。然而,三种血清经热处理后,抗体与外膜蛋白抗原的结合几乎没有降低。同时,这三种血清在热处理下对全细胞抗原表现出几乎相同的反应。在木瓜蛋白酶处理下,几乎所有血清与超声提取液和全细胞部分反应时,抗体结合率均有中等程度的降低,而与外膜蛋白反应时,抗体结合率则有较低的降低。从本研究可以看出,牙龈假单胞菌的主要蛋白质抗原被大多数患者识别,提示蛋白质部分是抗原的重要组成部分,而一些患者似乎将LPS或碳水化合物识别为抗原决定因素。
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引用次数: 1
An ultrastructural study of mitotic chondrocytes in the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. 蜂群大鼠软骨肉瘤有丝分裂软骨细胞超微结构研究。
S Shibata, M Niikura, S Suzuki, T Terashima, Y Yamashita, T Ichijo

The Swarm rat chondrosarcoma is a well established model system for the biochemical studies of cartilage proteoglycans. In this study, we observed the ultrastructure of mitotic chondrocytes in this tumor to confirm whether it is also useful as a morphological model system to examine the mitosis of chondrocytes. As a result, the mitotic chondrocytes in this tumor contained fairly prominent cell organelles, and the endoplasmic reticulum was mainly vacuolized and the Golgi stacks were replaced by the cluster of small vesicles during the later stage of the mitotic cycle. Although the cytoplasmic division began at the telophase, the cytoplasmic cleavage furrow was so narrow that dividing chondrocytes looked as if they were partitioned by a slit. These findings are almost consistent with the changes that occurred in the mitotic chondrocytes of the tibial growth plate, although the degree of disorganization in the Golgi apparatus is slightly different. Therefore, this tumor is useful as a convenient morphological model system to examine the mitosis of chondrocytes because of the facility for taking specimens.

蜂群大鼠软骨肉瘤是软骨蛋白聚糖生化研究的良好模型系统。在本研究中,我们观察了该肿瘤中有丝分裂软骨细胞的超微结构,以确定它是否也可以作为形态学模型系统来检查软骨细胞的有丝分裂。因此,在有丝分裂周期的后期,该肿瘤的有丝分裂软骨细胞含有相当突出的细胞器,内质网主要空泡化,高尔基堆积被小泡簇所取代。虽然细胞质分裂在末期开始,但细胞质分裂沟非常窄,使正在分裂的软骨细胞看起来像是被一条狭缝分隔开的。这些发现与胫骨生长板有丝分裂软骨细胞发生的变化几乎一致,尽管高尔基体的破坏程度略有不同。因此,该肿瘤可作为一种方便的形态学模型系统来检查软骨细胞的有丝分裂,因为它具有采集标本的设施。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasonic diagnosis of oral and neck malignant lymphoma. 口腔及颈部恶性淋巴瘤的超声诊断。
J Ishii, E Fujii, H Suzuki, K Shinozuka, N Kawase, T Amagasa

A series of 14 patients with nodal and extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral and neck region was analyzed by ultrasonogram evaluation. Eight nodal lymphomas and six extranodal lymphomas commonly exhibited almost completely similar ultrasonographic findings, specifically, clear delineation of the boundary echo and a homogeneous, weak internal echo, the so-called pseudo-liquid-like images. The results derived from our study suggest that ultrasonic diagnosis is also helpful in evaluating patients with lymphoma during the initial diagnosis and initial treatment like other diagnostic imaging modalities.

对14例口腔及颈部淋巴结及结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者进行超声检查。8例淋巴结淋巴瘤和6例结外淋巴瘤通常表现出几乎完全相似的超声表现,特别是边界回声清晰,内部回声均匀,弱,即所谓的伪液体样图像。我们的研究结果表明,超声诊断与其他诊断成像方式一样,在初始诊断和初始治疗期间也有助于评估淋巴瘤患者。
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引用次数: 0
Observations on the structural features and characteristics of biological apatite crystals. 2. Observation on the ultrastructure of human enamel crystals. 生物磷灰石晶体结构特征及特性观察。2. 人牙釉质晶体超微结构的观察。
T Ichijo, Y Yamashita, T Terashima

In a series of studies to investigate the structural features of biological crystals, using an electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of human enamel crystals at near atomic resolution through the cross and longitudinal sections of the crystals. The materials used for this study were the middle layer of the noncarious enamel from freshly extracted human erupted permanent molars. The small cubes of the enamel were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin using the routine methods. The ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife without decalcification. The sections were examined with HITACHI H-500 and H-700 types of transmission electron microscopes operated at 125-200 kV. Each crystal was observed at the initial magnification of 300,000 times and at the final magnification of 10,000,000 times and over. Using this approach, the authors have been able to show the configuration of the hydroxyapatite in the cross and longitudinal sections of the enamel crystals and observe the basic hexagonal pattern of the unit cell viewed down the c-axis. The authors sincerely believe that the electron micrograph shown in this report is the first atomic image to be obtained from a hydroxyapatite crystal from the human enamel, using the sections.

在一系列研究生物晶体结构特征的研究中,我们使用电子显微镜,通过晶体的横切面和纵切面,以近原子分辨率检查了人类牙釉质晶体的超微结构。本研究使用的材料是新拔出的恒磨牙的中间层无龋牙釉质。采用常规方法将牙釉质小立方体固定在戊二醛和四氧化二锇中,并包埋在环氧树脂中。超薄切片用金刚石刀切割,不脱钙。切片用日立H-500和H-700型透射电子显微镜进行检测,工作电压为125-200 kV。每个晶体在初始放大30万倍和最终放大1000万倍以上时被观察到。利用这种方法,作者已经能够在珐琅晶体的横截面和纵截面上显示羟基磷灰石的结构,并从c轴向下观察到单位细胞的基本六角形图案。作者真诚地相信,本报告中显示的电子显微照片是利用切片从人类牙釉质中获得的羟基磷灰石晶体的第一张原子图像。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability of Doppler echocardiographic stroke volume measurement. 多普勒超声心动图脑卒中容积测量的可靠性。
T Yajima, M Nitta, S Nakamura, M Ishimine, H Ito, T Takamoto, M Hiroe, F Marumo

To evaluate the accuracy and utility of the echocardiographic Doppler method of determining the stroke volume, the stroke volume was measured in 64 instances in 15 patients and compared to the simultaneous thermodilution stroke volume determinations. Stroke volume, varied by atrial pacing at various heart rates, was calculated noninvasively by the product of the cross-sectional area of the aortic orifice determined by echocardiography and the flow velocity integral measured by continuous wave Doppler. While the cardiac output was increased moderately by atrial pacing, the stroke volume was decreased in relation to the increase in the heart rate. The stroke volume calculated by the echo-Doppler method exhibited a significant linear relationship to the stroke volume determined by thermodilution (r = 0.84) and to the cardiac output (r = 0.75, p less than 0.01). Inter-observer and intra-observer variability was 7 +/- 4% and 5 +/- 4%, respectively. The noninvasive echo-Doppler method of estimating the stroke volume is concluded to be accurate, specifically, to be comparable to the values obtained by thermodilution and with a low inter- and intra-observer variability.

为了评估超声心动图多普勒法测定脑卒中容量的准确性和实用性,我们测量了15例64例患者的脑卒中容量,并与同时测定的热稀释脑卒中容量进行了比较。通过超声心动图测定的主动脉瓣横截面积与连续波多普勒测量的血流积分的乘积,无创地计算出不同心率下心房起搏的脑卒中容量。心房起搏可适度增加心输出量,但随着心率的增加,每搏量减少。超声多普勒法计算的脑卒中容积与热稀释法测定的脑卒中容积(r = 0.84)和心输出量(r = 0.75, p < 0.01)呈显著线性关系。观察者之间和观察者内部的变异率分别为7 +/- 4%和5 +/- 4%。无创超声多普勒方法估计脑卒中容量是准确的,特别是与热稀释法获得的值相当,并且具有较低的观察者之间和内部变异性。
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引用次数: 0
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The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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