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Evidence for nitric oxide-generator cells in the brain. 大脑中有一氧化氮生成细胞的证据。
L Ma

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that has been recently recognized as a neuronal messenger molecule. In order to understand the way in which NO functions in the central nervous system (CNS), it is important to identify the NO-generator and NO-target cells in the brain. I measured firstly the distribution of NO synthase in the brain, which catalyzes L-arginine to form NO, by the measurement of citrulline formation that is also synthesized from L-arginine together with NO in equal molar bass. In the brain of adult rat, the most potent activity of NOS was apparent in the cerebellum, next in the olfactory bulb and medium in the cerebrum. Further, in the presence of NADPH and Ca2+, NOS activity was detected in the neuron cultures derived from the cerebrum of fetal rat. Astrocytes, one type of glia, prepared also from the cerebrum of fetal rat, appeared to have a small but significant NOS activity. As astrocytes possess a high amount of cytosolic guanylate cyclase that is known to be activated by NO, the changes in the intracellular cGMP levels in the astrocytes were measured as another index of NO formation. The treatment of astrocytes with NOS inhibitor caused the suppression of the intracellular cGMP levels. These results indicate that NO is definitely produced by astrocytes. In addition, in the blood vessel system of the brain, although NOS has been thought to be localized in the endothelial cells of only larger vessels, NOS activity was also observed in the microvessel endothelial cells of the cerebrum of both adult and fetal pig. These data suggest that neuronal cells may be the major site of NO generation in the brain, and that the NOS is a constitutive type. The data also suggest that astrocytes can also express constitutive NOS, although the potency is not so large. Microvessel endothelial cells of the brain are also one of the sources of NO. The NO produced by these cells increases the cGMP levels in the astrocytes and may affect some physiological and/or pathophysiological events in the brain.

一氧化氮(NO)是一种自由基,近年来被认为是一种神经信使分子。为了了解一氧化氮在中枢神经系统(CNS)中的作用,识别大脑中的一氧化氮产生细胞和一氧化氮靶细胞是很重要的。我首先测量了大脑中催化l -精氨酸生成NO的NO合成酶的分布,通过测量同样由l -精氨酸与NO在等摩尔低音中合成的瓜氨酸生成量。在成年大鼠的大脑中,NOS的活性以小脑最强,其次是嗅球,中脑为中脑。此外,在NADPH和Ca2+存在的情况下,在胎鼠大脑的神经元培养物中检测到NOS活性。星形胶质细胞是一种同样从胎鼠大脑中制备的胶质细胞,其NOS活性虽小但显著。由于星形胶质细胞具有大量的胞浆鸟苷酸环化酶,已知该酶可被NO激活,因此测量星形胶质细胞内cGMP水平的变化作为NO形成的另一个指标。NOS抑制剂处理星形胶质细胞可抑制细胞内cGMP水平。这些结果表明NO一定是由星形胶质细胞产生的。此外,在脑血管系统中,尽管NOS被认为只局限于大血管内皮细胞,但在成年猪和胎儿猪的大脑微血管内皮细胞中也观察到NOS活性。这些数据表明,神经元细胞可能是脑内NO生成的主要部位,而NOS是一种组成型。星形胶质细胞也能表达组成型NOS,但其表达能力没有那么大。脑微血管内皮细胞也是一氧化氮的来源之一。这些细胞产生的NO增加了星形胶质细胞中的cGMP水平,并可能影响大脑中的一些生理和/或病理生理事件。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence for nitric oxide-generator cells in the brain. 大脑中有一氧化氮生成细胞的证据。
Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.11501/3083447
L. Ma
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that has been recently recognized as a neuronal messenger molecule. In order to understand the way in which NO functions in the central nervous system (CNS), it is important to identify the NO-generator and NO-target cells in the brain. I measured firstly the distribution of NO synthase in the brain, which catalyzes L-arginine to form NO, by the measurement of citrulline formation that is also synthesized from L-arginine together with NO in equal molar bass. In the brain of adult rat, the most potent activity of NOS was apparent in the cerebellum, next in the olfactory bulb and medium in the cerebrum. Further, in the presence of NADPH and Ca2+, NOS activity was detected in the neuron cultures derived from the cerebrum of fetal rat. Astrocytes, one type of glia, prepared also from the cerebrum of fetal rat, appeared to have a small but significant NOS activity. As astrocytes possess a high amount of cytosolic guanylate cyclase that is known to be activated by NO, the changes in the intracellular cGMP levels in the astrocytes were measured as another index of NO formation. The treatment of astrocytes with NOS inhibitor caused the suppression of the intracellular cGMP levels. These results indicate that NO is definitely produced by astrocytes. In addition, in the blood vessel system of the brain, although NOS has been thought to be localized in the endothelial cells of only larger vessels, NOS activity was also observed in the microvessel endothelial cells of the cerebrum of both adult and fetal pig. These data suggest that neuronal cells may be the major site of NO generation in the brain, and that the NOS is a constitutive type. The data also suggest that astrocytes can also express constitutive NOS, although the potency is not so large. Microvessel endothelial cells of the brain are also one of the sources of NO. The NO produced by these cells increases the cGMP levels in the astrocytes and may affect some physiological and/or pathophysiological events in the brain.
一氧化氮(NO)是一种自由基,近年来被认为是一种神经信使分子。为了了解一氧化氮在中枢神经系统(CNS)中的作用,识别大脑中的一氧化氮产生细胞和一氧化氮靶细胞是很重要的。我首先测量了大脑中催化l -精氨酸生成NO的NO合成酶的分布,通过测量同样由l -精氨酸与NO在等摩尔低音中合成的瓜氨酸生成量。在成年大鼠的大脑中,NOS的活性以小脑最强,其次是嗅球,中脑为中脑。此外,在NADPH和Ca2+存在的情况下,在胎鼠大脑的神经元培养物中检测到NOS活性。星形胶质细胞是一种同样从胎鼠大脑中制备的胶质细胞,其NOS活性虽小但显著。由于星形胶质细胞具有大量的胞浆鸟苷酸环化酶,已知该酶可被NO激活,因此测量星形胶质细胞内cGMP水平的变化作为NO形成的另一个指标。NOS抑制剂处理星形胶质细胞可抑制细胞内cGMP水平。这些结果表明NO一定是由星形胶质细胞产生的。此外,在脑血管系统中,尽管NOS被认为只局限于大血管内皮细胞,但在成年猪和胎儿猪的大脑微血管内皮细胞中也观察到NOS活性。这些数据表明,神经元细胞可能是脑内NO生成的主要部位,而NOS是一种组成型。星形胶质细胞也能表达组成型NOS,但其表达能力没有那么大。脑微血管内皮细胞也是一氧化氮的来源之一。这些细胞产生的NO增加了星形胶质细胞中的cGMP水平,并可能影响大脑中的一些生理和/或病理生理事件。
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引用次数: 2
Observations on structural features and characteristics of biological apatite crystals. 6. Observation on lattice imperfection of human tooth and bone crystals. I. 生物磷灰石晶体结构特征及特性观察。6. 人牙、骨晶体晶格缺陷的观察。我。
T Ichijo, Y Yamashita, T Terashima

In a series of studies to investigate the basic structural features and characteristics of the biological apatite crystals, using an electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of the human enamel, dentin, and bone crystals at near atomic resolution and showed the configuration of the hydroxyapatite structure through the cross and longitudinal sections of the crystals. Subsequently, based on the results of the observations by the authors of the ultrastructure of the tooth and bone, using the same approach, we have been able to directly examine the images of the lattice imperfections in the human enamel, dentin, and bone crystals, such as the point defect structures and dislocations in the crystals. In this report, we describe the image of the point defect structures and line defect structures obtained, using the same approach from the sections of the human enamel, dentin, and bone crystals. The materials used for this study were the noncarious enamel and dentin from the freshly extracted human erupted lower first molars, and bone tissue obtained from the alveolar compact bone. The small cubes of the material were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin using the routine methods. The ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife without decalcification. The sections were examined with the HITACHI H-800 H and H-9000 types of transmission electron microscopes operated at 200 kV and 300 kV. Each crystal was observed at the initial magnification of 300,000-500,000 times and at the final magnification of 10,000,000 times and over. We sincerely believe that the electron micrographs shown in this report are the first to show the images of the lattice imperfections in the human enamel, dentin, and bone crystals, such as the point defect and line defect structures, at near atomic resolution.

为了研究生物磷灰石晶体的基本结构特征和特征,我们利用电子显微镜,在近原子分辨率下观察了人类牙釉质、牙本质和骨晶体的超微结构,并通过晶体的横切面和纵切面显示了羟基磷灰石结构的构型。随后,基于作者对牙齿和骨骼超微结构的观察结果,使用相同的方法,我们已经能够直接检查人类牙釉质,牙本质和骨晶体中的晶格缺陷图像,例如晶体中的点缺陷结构和位错。在本报告中,我们描述了点缺陷结构和线缺陷结构的图像,使用相同的方法从人类牙釉质,牙本质和骨晶体的切片中获得。本研究使用的材料是新鲜提取的人类下第一磨牙的无龋牙釉质和牙本质,以及从牙槽致密骨中获得的骨组织。用常规方法将材料的小立方体固定在戊二醛和四氧化二锇中,并包埋在环氧树脂中。超薄切片用金刚石刀切割,不脱钙。用日立H-800 H和H-9000型透射电子显微镜在200千伏和300千伏下对切片进行检查。每个晶体在初始放大30 -50万倍时观察,在最终放大1000万倍以上时观察。我们真诚地相信,本报告中所展示的电子显微照片是第一个以近原子分辨率显示人类牙釉质,牙本质和骨晶体晶格缺陷的图像,如点缺陷和线缺陷结构。
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引用次数: 0
Observations on structural features and characteristics of biological apatite crystals. 5. Three-dimensional observation on ultrastructure of human enamel crystals. 生物磷灰石晶体结构特征及特性观察。5. 人牙釉质晶体超微结构的三维观察。
T Ichijo, Y Yamashita, T Terashima

In a series of studies to investigate the structural features of the biological crystals, such as the tooth and bone, using an electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of the enamel, dentin, and bone crystals at near atomic resolution and showed the configuration of the hydroxyapatite structure through the cross and longitudinal sections of the crystals. Thereafter, based on the results of the observations by the authors of the ultrastructure of the tooth and bone crystals, thinking that it might be possible to conduct direct three-dimensional observation of the configuration composing the unit cell of the hydroxyapatite crystals, we conducted a study on this. These results indicated that it was possible to sterically observe the configuration of the hydroxyapatite structure composing the enamel crystal. The materials used for this study were the middle layer of the noncarious enamel from the freshly extracted human erupted permanent molars. The small cubes of the enamel were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin using the routine methods. The ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife without decalcification and were examined with the HITACHI H-9000 H type transmission electron microscope operated at 300 kV. Each crystal was observed at an initial magnification of 500,000 times and at the final magnification of 10,000,000 times and over. We sincerely believe that the electron micrographs shown in this report are the first to show three-dimensionally the configuration of the hydroxyapatite structure composing the crystal in the cross and longitudinal sections of an enamel crystal.

在一系列研究生物晶体结构特征的研究中,如牙齿和骨骼,我们使用电子显微镜,在近原子分辨率下检查了牙釉质,牙本质和骨晶体的超微结构,并通过晶体的横切面和纵切面显示了羟基磷灰石结构的构型。随后,根据笔者对牙齿和骨骼晶体超微结构的观察结果,认为对羟基磷灰石晶体单位细胞的构型进行直接的三维观察是可能的,我们对此进行了研究。这些结果表明,立体观察组成釉质晶体的羟基磷灰石结构的构型是可能的。本研究使用的材料是新拔出的恒磨牙的中间层无龋牙釉质。采用常规方法将牙釉质小立方体固定在戊二醛和四氧化二锇中,并包埋在环氧树脂中。超薄切片用不脱钙的金刚石刀切割,用300 kV的日立H-9000 H型透射电镜检查。每个晶体在初始放大50万倍和最终放大1000万倍以上时观察。我们真诚地认为,本报告中显示的电子显微照片是第一个在搪瓷晶体的横截面和纵截面上显示组成晶体的羟基磷灰石结构的三维结构。
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引用次数: 0
Heterogeneity of Porphyromonas gingivalis strains on fimbrillin gene locus by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 用限制性片段长度多态性分析牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌株在纤维蛋白基因位点上的异质性。
Y J Zhang

The adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) to the periodontal tissue may be an initial step in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and fimbriae is believed to play an important role in such processes. However, the heterogeneity of the size, sequence and antigenic reactivity of the fimbriae have been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the heterogeneity of P. gingivalis strains on the fimbrillin gene locus by RFLPs analysis. Fourty-seven P. gingivalis strains including 5 reference strains were used in this study. The plasmid (pUC13Bg 12.1) with the insert of fimA381 was modified with bisulfite and used as the probe. The genomic DNAs from P. gingivalis were digested with the restriction endonuclease SacI and PstI, electrophoresed, transferred and hybridized with the DNA probe. All Sac I digests generated one major band and the band size was almost the same (ca 2.5-kb), except strain W50. The Pst I digests showed one or two major bands and could be divided into 9 groups based on the band patterns. Moreover, isolates from one patient showed different band patterns. By RFLPs analysis, genetic heterogeneity seems to exist within the fimbrillin gene locus of P. gingivalis strains. Such genetic heterogeneity may reflect the previously reported difference of P. gingivalis fimbriae and moreover a single patient could be infected with more than one genotype of P. gingivalis.

牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P. gingivalis)对牙周组织的粘附可能是牙周病发病的第一步,而菌毛被认为在这一过程中起着重要作用。然而,其大小、序列和抗原反应性的异质性已被报道。本研究的目的是利用RFLPs分析牙龈假单胞菌菌株在纤维蛋白基因位点上的异质性。选取47株牙龈卟啉单胞菌,其中5株为参考菌株。用亚硫酸酯修饰插入fimA381的质粒(pUC13Bg 12.1)作为探针。用限制性内切酶SacI和PstI酶切牙龈假单胞菌基因组DNA,进行电泳、转移和DNA探针杂交。除菌株W50外,所有菌株的Sac I酶解都产生一个主要条带,条带大小几乎相同(约2.5 kb)。Pst - 1型酶切结果显示出1 ~ 2个主要的谱带,根据谱带模式可分为9组。此外,一名患者的分离株显示不同的带型。通过RFLPs分析,牙龈假单胞菌菌株的纤维蛋白基因位点似乎存在遗传异质性。这种遗传异质性可能反映了先前报道的牙龈假单胞菌菌毛的差异,而且单个患者可能感染不止一种基因型的牙龈假单胞菌。
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引用次数: 0
Observations on structural features and characteristics of biological apatite crystals. 4. Observation on ultrastructure of human bone crystals. 生物磷灰石晶体结构特征及特性观察。4. 人骨晶体的超微结构观察。
T Ichijo, Y Yamashita, T Terashima

In a series of studies to investigate the structural features of the biological crystals such as the tooth and bone, following the previous observations of the tooth crystal using an electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of the human bone crystals at near atomic resolution through the cross and longitudinal sections of the crystals. The materials used for this study were the normal bone tissue obtained from the buccal alveolar compact bone of the human mandible in the portion of the lower first molar. The small cubes of the bone tissue were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin using the routine methods. The ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife without decalcification. The sections were examined with the HITACHI H-800 type transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. Each crystal was observed at the initial magnification of 300,000 times and at the final magnification of 10,000,000 times and over. Using this approach, we showed the configuration of the hydroxyapatite structure in the cross and longitudinal sections of the bone crystals deposited within and between the collagen fibrils (intrafibrillar and interfibrillar crystals) in the bone tissue. Furthermore, using the same approach, we observed the crystal lattices of the hydroxyapatite structure appearing in the cross and longitudinal sections. We sincerely believe that the electron micrographs shown in this report are the first atomic images from the section obtained from the hydroxyapatite crystal from the human alveolar bone.

在一系列研究牙齿和骨骼等生物晶体结构特征的研究中,继先前使用电子显微镜观察牙齿晶体之后,我们通过晶体的横切面和纵切面以近原子分辨率检查了人类骨骼晶体的超微结构。本研究使用的材料为人类下颌骨下第一磨牙部分颊牙槽致密骨的正常骨组织。常规方法将骨组织小立方体固定在戊二醛和四氧化锇中,并包埋在环氧树脂中。超薄切片用金刚石刀切割,不脱钙。用日立H-800型透射电子显微镜在200千伏下对切片进行检查。每个晶体在初始放大30万倍和最终放大1000万倍以上时被观察到。使用这种方法,我们展示了骨组织中胶原原纤维(纤维内和纤维间晶体)内部和之间沉积的骨晶体的横切面和纵切面羟基磷灰石结构的配置。此外,使用相同的方法,我们观察到羟基磷灰石结构的晶格出现在横切面和纵切面。我们真诚地认为,本报告中所示的电子显微照片是人类牙槽骨羟基磷灰石晶体切片获得的第一张原子图像。
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引用次数: 0
Deletional analysis of the human renin promoter: transcriptional activation by the SV40 enhancer enables identification of promoter regulatory elements in non-renin-expressing cells. 人肾素启动子的缺失分析:SV40增强子的转录激活能够识别非肾素表达细胞中的启动子调控元件。
N Kasahara

Identification of regulatory elements in the human renin gene promoter has been hindered by the lack of suitable renin-expressing cell lines. In this paper, the SV40 viral enhancer is coupled to a human renin promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene construct, to determine whether promoter regulatory elements can be identified in the context of enhanced transcription in the normally non-renin-expressing HeLa cell line. The present results indicate that the SV40 enhancer can overcome tissue-specificity of the human renin promoter, and confer correctly initiated transcriptional activity to HeLa cells. Analysis of a series of 5'-end deletions of the human renin promoter linked to the CAT gene and SV40 enhancer identified negative regulatory elements between positions-275 and -225, and between-142 and -102 of the human renin promoter, as well as a positive regulatory element between -225 and -142. Thus, studies of renin promoter regulatory elements need not be limited to renin-expressing cells, but can be performed in non-renin-expressing cells with the addition of an enhancer. This strategy can be generally applicable to the study of tissue-specific gene regulation in cases where there are no specific cell lines available.

由于缺乏合适的肾素表达细胞系,人类肾素基因启动子调控元件的鉴定一直受到阻碍。本文将SV40病毒增强子与人肾素启动子/氯霉素乙酰转移酶(chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT)报告基因构建体偶联,以确定在正常不表达肾素的HeLa细胞系中是否可以在转录增强的背景下鉴定启动子调控元件。目前的结果表明,SV40增强子可以克服人肾素启动子的组织特异性,并赋予HeLa细胞正确启动的转录活性。对与CAT基因和SV40增强子相关的人肾素启动子的一系列5'端缺失进行分析,发现了人肾素启动子的-275和-225之间、-142和-102之间的负调控元件,以及-225和-142之间的正调控元件。因此,肾素启动子调控元件的研究不必局限于肾素表达细胞,而可以在添加增强子的非肾素表达细胞中进行。在没有特定细胞系的情况下,这种策略可以普遍适用于组织特异性基因调控的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Heterogeneity of Porphyromonas gingivalis strains on fimbrillin gene locus by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 用限制性片段长度多态性分析牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌株在纤维蛋白基因位点上的异质性。
Pub Date : 1993-03-22 DOI: 10.11501/3083422
Zhang Yj
The adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) to the periodontal tissue may be an initial step in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and fimbriae is believed to play an important role in such processes. However, the heterogeneity of the size, sequence and antigenic reactivity of the fimbriae have been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the heterogeneity of P. gingivalis strains on the fimbrillin gene locus by RFLPs analysis. Fourty-seven P. gingivalis strains including 5 reference strains were used in this study. The plasmid (pUC13Bg 12.1) with the insert of fimA381 was modified with bisulfite and used as the probe. The genomic DNAs from P. gingivalis were digested with the restriction endonuclease SacI and PstI, electrophoresed, transferred and hybridized with the DNA probe. All Sac I digests generated one major band and the band size was almost the same (ca 2.5-kb), except strain W50. The Pst I digests showed one or two major bands and could be divided into 9 groups based on the band patterns. Moreover, isolates from one patient showed different band patterns. By RFLPs analysis, genetic heterogeneity seems to exist within the fimbrillin gene locus of P. gingivalis strains. Such genetic heterogeneity may reflect the previously reported difference of P. gingivalis fimbriae and moreover a single patient could be infected with more than one genotype of P. gingivalis.
牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P. gingivalis)对牙周组织的粘附可能是牙周病发病的第一步,而菌毛被认为在这一过程中起着重要作用。然而,其大小、序列和抗原反应性的异质性已被报道。本研究的目的是利用RFLPs分析牙龈假单胞菌菌株在纤维蛋白基因位点上的异质性。选取47株牙龈卟啉单胞菌,其中5株为参考菌株。用亚硫酸酯修饰插入fimA381的质粒(pUC13Bg 12.1)作为探针。用限制性内切酶SacI和PstI酶切牙龈假单胞菌基因组DNA,进行电泳、转移和DNA探针杂交。除菌株W50外,所有菌株的Sac I酶解都产生一个主要条带,条带大小几乎相同(约2.5 kb)。Pst - 1型酶切结果显示出1 ~ 2个主要的谱带,根据谱带模式可分为9组。此外,一名患者的分离株显示不同的带型。通过RFLPs分析,牙龈假单胞菌菌株的纤维蛋白基因位点似乎存在遗传异质性。这种遗传异质性可能反映了先前报道的牙龈假单胞菌菌毛的差异,而且单个患者可能感染不止一种基因型的牙龈假单胞菌。
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引用次数: 0
Observations of structural features and characteristics of biological apatite crystals. 3. Observation on ultrastructure of human dentin crystals. 生物磷灰石晶体结构特征及特性观察。3.人牙本质晶体超微结构的观察。
T Ichijo, Y Yamashita, T Terashima

In a series of studies to investigate the structural features of the biological crystals, using electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of the human dentin crystals at near atomic resolution through the cross and longitudinal sections of the crystals. The materials used for this study were the deep layer of the non-carious coronal dentin from freshly extracted human erupted permanent molars. The small cubes of the dentin were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin using the routine methods. The ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife without decalcification. The sections were examined with the HITACH H-700 type of transmission electron microscope operated at 200kV. Each crystal was observed at the initial magnification of 300,000 times and at the final magnification of 10,000,000 times and over. Using this approach, the authors have been able to show the configuration of the hydroxyapatite structure in the cross and longitudinal sections of the dentin crystals deposited within and between the collagen fibrils (intrafibrillar and interfibrillar crystal) in the intertubular dentin and observe the basic hexagonal pattern of the unit cell viewed down the c-axis. The authors sincerely believe that the electron micrograph shown in this report is the first atomic image to be obtained from a hydroxyapatite crystal from the human dentin, using the sections.

在一系列研究生物晶体结构特征的研究中,我们利用电子显微镜,通过晶体的横切面和纵切面,在近原子分辨率下观察了人类牙本质晶体的超微结构。本研究使用的材料是新鲜提取的人类萌出恒磨牙的非龋牙本质的深层。采用常规方法将牙本质小立方体固定在戊二醛和四氧化二锇中,并包埋在环氧树脂中。超薄切片用金刚石刀切割,不脱钙。切片用200kV的HITACH H-700型透射电镜检查。每个晶体在初始放大30万倍和最终放大1000万倍以上时被观察到。使用这种方法,作者已经能够在牙本质的横截面和纵截面上显示羟基磷灰石结构的结构,这些晶体沉积在管间牙本质的胶原原纤维内部和之间(纤维内和纤维间晶体),并观察到单位细胞的基本六角形图案。作者真诚地相信,本报告中所示的电子显微照片是利用切片从人类牙本质羟基磷灰石晶体中获得的第一张原子图像。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical properties of artificial teeth. 人工牙的机械性能。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01 DOI: 10.1122/1.550486
K. Shimoyama, T. Uchida, M. Nagao, K. Odagiri, Y. Shirasaki, T. Tateishi
In selecting the teeth for fabrication of complete or partial dentures, each patient's anatomic and physiologic requirements and the properties of the artificial teeth themselves should be taken into consideration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the artificial teeth by the static compression test and the impact test. Specimens were the lower first molar porcelain and resin teeth (Livdent FB-20 teeth by G. C. Co., Tokyo, Japan). All were of the same shape. In the static compression test, the fracture load and deformation of the artificial teeth were measured with an Instron-type universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min. Elastic modulus, ultimate strength and absorbed energy were calculated. In the impact test, the acceleration of a falling impactor was measured with a drop impact apparatus. The load applied to the specimen was equivalent to 300N. Absorbed energy and deformation were calculated. The resin teeth showed a lower elastic modulus, higher fracture toughness and shock-absorbing ability than the porcelain teeth. Resin teeth should be selected when the first requisite is high shock-absorbing ability, and porcelain teeth should be selected when the first requisite is high masticating efficiency.
在选择用于制造全口或局部义齿的牙齿时,应考虑每位患者的解剖和生理要求以及假牙本身的特性。本研究的目的是通过静态压缩试验和冲击试验来评价人工牙的力学性能。标本为下第一磨牙瓷牙和树脂牙(Livdent FB-20 teeth by g.c. Co, Tokyo, Japan)。它们的形状都一样。在静态压缩试验中,采用instron型万能试验机,以1.0 mm/min的十字头速度测量假牙的断裂载荷和变形。计算了弹性模量、极限强度和吸收能。在冲击试验中,用落锤冲击装置测量了落锤的加速度。施加在试样上的荷载相当于300N。计算了吸收能量和变形。树脂牙具有较低的弹性模量,较高的断裂韧性和吸震能力。当第一条件是高减震能力时应选择树脂牙,当第一条件是高咀嚼效率时应选择瓷牙。
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引用次数: 6
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The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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