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The pH value changes in the periodontal pockets. 牙周袋内pH值发生变化。
Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.11480/BTMD.430401
Tatsutomi Watanabe, W. Soeda, K. Kobayashi, M. Nagao
Many studies have been done of the pH values in periodontal pockets. These studies have suggested that the pH value was influenced by the condition of the surrounding tissue. Thus, the measurement of pH in the periodontal pockets would be effective data to use for diagnosis in periodontal tissue. The sensors which have been used for measuring pH had many disadvantages, however, such as large size, slow response speed, instability in chemical substances, weak physical strength, thermal drift and so on. Therefore, there have been few reliable data on the pH values in periodontal pockets. We developed a new type of pH sensor, which was designed for use in the periodontal pocket. The sensor was made by D.C. reactive sputtering of iridium oxide on solid substances. This sensor was easy to miniaturize, had quick response speed, and was stable with respect to chemical interfere, physical shock, thermal changes, and low electrical resistance. It was used in the present study to measure the pH values in the periodontal pockets of 16 subjects for 7-73 weeks. Our results showed that the pH values in the periodontal pockets differed among the measuring points and were changeable. The pattern of change was similar in the same subject. The pH value changed depending on tooth condition. The salivary pH showed no correlation with that in the periodontal pockets.
人们对牙周袋内的pH值进行了大量的研究。这些研究表明,pH值受周围组织状况的影响。因此,测量牙周袋内的pH值将是牙周组织诊断的有效数据。目前用于pH测量的传感器存在体积大、响应速度慢、对化学物质不稳定、物理强度弱、热漂移等缺点。因此,关于牙周袋内pH值的可靠数据很少。我们开发了一种用于牙周袋的新型pH传感器。该传感器是用氧化铱在固体物质上进行直流反应溅射制成的。该传感器易于小型化,响应速度快,对化学干扰、物理冲击、热变化稳定,电阻低。本研究采用该仪器对16例患者牙周袋内的pH值进行测定,时间为7 ~ 73周。结果表明,不同测点的牙周袋内pH值存在差异,且具有变化性。在同一主题中,变化的模式是相似的。pH值随牙齿状况而变化。唾液pH值与牙周袋pH值无相关性。
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引用次数: 9
The pH value changes in the periodontal pockets. 牙周袋内pH值发生变化。
T Watanabe, W Soeda, K Kobayashi, M Nagao

Many studies have been done of the pH values in periodontal pockets. These studies have suggested that the pH value was influenced by the condition of the surrounding tissue. Thus, the measurement of pH in the periodontal pockets would be effective data to use for diagnosis in periodontal tissue. The sensors which have been used for measuring pH had many disadvantages, however, such as large size, slow response speed, instability in chemical substances, weak physical strength, thermal drift and so on. Therefore, there have been few reliable data on the pH values in periodontal pockets. We developed a new type of pH sensor, which was designed for use in the periodontal pocket. The sensor was made by D.C. reactive sputtering of iridium oxide on solid substances. This sensor was easy to miniaturize, had quick response speed, and was stable with respect to chemical interfere, physical shock, thermal changes, and low electrical resistance. It was used in the present study to measure the pH values in the periodontal pockets of 16 subjects for 7-73 weeks. Our results showed that the pH values in the periodontal pockets differed among the measuring points and were changeable. The pattern of change was similar in the same subject. The pH value changed depending on tooth condition. The salivary pH showed no correlation with that in the periodontal pockets.

人们对牙周袋内的pH值进行了大量的研究。这些研究表明,pH值受周围组织状况的影响。因此,测量牙周袋内的pH值将是牙周组织诊断的有效数据。目前用于pH测量的传感器存在体积大、响应速度慢、对化学物质不稳定、物理强度弱、热漂移等缺点。因此,关于牙周袋内pH值的可靠数据很少。我们开发了一种用于牙周袋的新型pH传感器。该传感器是用氧化铱在固体物质上进行直流反应溅射制成的。该传感器易于小型化,响应速度快,对化学干扰、物理冲击、热变化稳定,电阻低。本研究采用该仪器对16例患者牙周袋内的pH值进行测定,时间为7 ~ 73周。结果表明,不同测点的牙周袋内pH值存在差异,且具有变化性。在同一主题中,变化的模式是相似的。pH值随牙齿状况而变化。唾液pH值与牙周袋pH值无相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Articles on AIDS in major Japanese newspapers. 日本主要报纸上关于艾滋病的文章。
Y Hayashi, E Nakayama, H Moriguchi, C Sato

People in general obtain knowledge about AIDS through the mass media. It is interesting to know how newspapers have dealt with AIDS in recent years, since newspapers are the most important mass media. The number of articles on AIDS from 1981 to 1994 was investigated in three major Japanese newspapers (Asahi, Yomiuri, and Mainichi) which are distributed nationwide. The first article appeared in 1982, and the number of articles gradually increased to a peak (total 785 articles) in 1987 when the first Japanese female patient was reported. Then, the number of articles decreased to 116 in 1989. The number of articles on AIDS in newspapers was not correlated with the reported number of patients.

一般来说,人们通过大众传媒获得有关艾滋病的知识。了解近年来报纸如何处理艾滋病是很有趣的,因为报纸是最重要的大众媒体。对1981 ~ 1994年在全国发行的3家日本主要报纸(朝日新闻、读卖新闻、每日新闻)上刊登的有关艾滋病的文章数量进行了调查。1982年出现第一篇文章,1987年首次报道日本女性患者,文章数量逐渐增加,达到高峰(共785篇)。然后,1989年条目数减少到116条。报纸上关于艾滋病的文章的数量与报道的患者数量没有相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Articles on AIDS in major Japanese newspapers. 日本主要报纸上关于艾滋病的文章。
Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.11480/JMDS.430402
Y. Hayashi, E. Nakayama, H. Moriguchi, C. Sato
People in general obtain knowledge about AIDS through the mass media. It is interesting to know how newspapers have dealt with AIDS in recent years, since newspapers are the most important mass media. The number of articles on AIDS from 1981 to 1994 was investigated in three major Japanese newspapers (Asahi, Yomiuri, and Mainichi) which are distributed nationwide. The first article appeared in 1982, and the number of articles gradually increased to a peak (total 785 articles) in 1987 when the first Japanese female patient was reported. Then, the number of articles decreased to 116 in 1989. The number of articles on AIDS in newspapers was not correlated with the reported number of patients.
一般来说,人们通过大众传媒获得有关艾滋病的知识。了解近年来报纸如何处理艾滋病是很有趣的,因为报纸是最重要的大众媒体。对1981 ~ 1994年在全国发行的3家日本主要报纸(朝日新闻、读卖新闻、每日新闻)上刊登的有关艾滋病的文章数量进行了调查。1982年出现第一篇文章,1987年首次报道日本女性患者,文章数量逐渐增加,达到高峰(共785篇)。然后,1989年条目数减少到116条。报纸上关于艾滋病的文章的数量与报道的患者数量没有相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic studies on lateral fluid percussion injury as a model of focal brain injury in rats. 大鼠局灶性脑损伤模型的核磁共振成像及病理研究。
L Qian, T Nagaoka, K Ohno, B Tominaga, T Nariai, K Hirakawa, T Kuroiwa, K Takakuda, H Miyairi

In this study, morphologic changes in brain lesions initiated by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury in rats were investigated chronologically using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic methods. Rats were subjected to moderate fluid percussion injury (average 2.80 +/- 0.48 atmospheres) over the exposed dura overlying the right parietal cortex. MRI obtained in vivo were compared with corresponding pathologic findings at 1, 6, and 24 h and at 3, 6, 14 and 80 days after injury. T2-weighted images showed scattered low-signal intensity in the injured cortex within a few hours after injury, whereas histologic findings revealed intraparenchymal hemorrhages. T2-weighted images of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and/or corpus callosum showed a high-signal-intensity area 4 h after injury. The high-signal-intensity area became largest in size between 6 and 24 h, then declined gradually, and almost disappeared 14 days after injury. Histologic examination revealed pyknosis, retraction of the cell body of neurons with vacuolated neuropil in the corresponding regions 6 and 24 h after injury, and cystic necrosis 14 days after injury. The location and extent of these pathologic changes were depicted accurately by MRI in vivo. In the hippocampus, pyknosis and retraction of the cell body of pyramidal neurons were observed on the injured side 24 h after injury, and the number of neurons in the CA1 and CA2-CA3 regions decreased significantly on the same side by 14 days after injury. It is concluded that morphologic changes in the brain following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats are detectable in vivo by high-resolution MRI, and that MRI may be useful for the evaluation of treatment effects in experimental brain injury.

本研究采用高分辨率磁共振成像(MRI)和组织病理学方法,按时间顺序研究了中度外侧液体撞击损伤大鼠脑损伤的形态学变化。大鼠右侧顶叶皮层上暴露的硬脑膜受到中度液体冲击损伤(平均2.80 +/- 0.48大气压)。将伤后1、6、24 h和3、6、14、80 d的体内MRI与相应的病理结果进行比较。损伤后数小时内,t2加权图像显示损伤皮质内散在低信号强度,而组织学表现为实质内出血。同侧大脑皮层和/或胼胝体的t2加权图像在损伤后4小时显示高信号强度区域。损伤后6 ~ 24 h高信号强度区面积最大,随后逐渐减小,14 d后几乎消失。组织学检查显示损伤后6、24 h相应区域神经元胞体固缩、空泡化,损伤后14 d出现囊性坏死。这些病理改变的位置和程度可通过MRI在体内准确描述。海马损伤后24 h损伤侧锥体神经元细胞体固缩缩,损伤后14 d同侧CA1区和CA2-CA3区神经元数量明显减少。结果表明,高分辨率MRI可在体内检测到实验性创伤性脑损伤后大鼠脑的形态学变化,并可用于评价实验性脑损伤的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and endothelin concentrations after surgery in patients with esophageal and gastric cancer. 食管癌和胃癌患者术后血浆房利钠肽和内皮素浓度升高。
K Itoh, N Goseki, M Endo, F Marumo

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) are known as vasoactive substances. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the mode by which these substances are secreted in patients having severe surgical stress. Plasma ET-1 and hANP concentrations were measured in 15 patients with esophageal carcinoma who underwent subtotal esophagectomy via right-thoraco-ventrotomy (EC group) and 10 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent total gastrectomy via ventrotomy (GC group). The volume of intraoperative hemorrhage was significantly larger and operation time was significantly longer in the EC group than in the GC group. Plasma ET-1 concentration in the EC group increased remarkably on the first operative day (1st POD), whereas that in the GC group did not. Plasma levels of hANP in both the EC and GC groups gradually increased until they peaked on the 2nd POD. The increment of plasma hANP secretion for the EC group was significantly higher than that for the GC group on the day of the operation, suggesting that ET-1 stimulated hANP in the EC group. Plasma hANP levels reached their peak values on the 2nd POD and returned to the preoperation level on the 5th POD, while PCWP did not change significantly after the surgery. Since this discrepancy between the postoperation patterns of PCWP and hANP cannot be explained by changes in the circulating blood volume, hANP secretion may be regulated by certain factors in addition to the left ventricular pressure experienced by patients receiving heavy operation stress, such as those in the EC group.

内皮素-1 (ET-1)和人心房利钠肽(hANP)是血管活性物质。在本研究中,我们试图评估这些物质在严重手术应激患者体内的分泌模式。测定15例食管癌右胸腹切次全食管切除术(EC组)和10例胃癌腹切全胃切除术(GC组)患者血浆ET-1和hANP浓度。EC组术中出血量明显大于GC组,手术时间明显长于GC组。EC组血浆ET-1浓度在手术第1天(第1 POD)显著升高,而GC组血浆ET-1浓度无显著升高。EC组和GC组血浆hANP水平逐渐升高,在第2次POD时达到峰值。EC组在手术当日血浆hANP分泌的增量明显高于GC组,提示ET-1刺激了EC组的hANP。血浆hANP水平在第2次POD时达到峰值,在第5次POD时恢复到术前水平,而PCWP在术后无明显变化。由于PCWP和hANP的术后形态差异不能用循环血容量的变化来解释,因此,hANP的分泌可能受到某些因素的调节,而不是像EC组这样接受重手术应激的患者所经历的左心室压力。
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引用次数: 0
Influence on isometric muscle contraction during shoulder abduction by changing occlusal situation. 改变咬合状态对肩外展时等长肌收缩的影响。
K Wang, T Ueno, H Taniguchi, T Ohyama

Many studies have been performed on the mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA) as an athletic performance enhancer since the late 1970s. The concept that changing the mandibular position would increase the strength and improve the performance of subjects has been a source of controversy among various researchers. The strength of shoulder abduction and electronic activities of six muscle groups in the upper body were tested on seven subjects in this study. The normalized data for four different situations: rest position, MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) in an intercuspal position, MVC with placebo, and MVC with MORA in supported rest position were analysed. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the MVC with MORA was significantly stronger than the rest position for upper appendage strength. The electronic activities of all muscle groups were significantly greater with MORA than those in rest position, and some of them were significantly greater with MORA than with either MVC or placebo situation. THe results suggested that the muscle activities of the upper appendage were increased by biting MORA in the supported rest position during the shoulder abduction performance.

自20世纪70年代末以来,许多关于下颌矫形复位器(MORA)作为运动表现增强器的研究已经进行了。改变下颌骨的位置会增加受试者的力量并改善其表现的概念一直是各种研究人员争议的来源。本研究对7名受试者进行了肩外展力量及上半身6个肌群的电子活动测试。分析了四种不同情况下的归一化数据:休息位、尖间位的最大自愿收缩(MVC)、安慰剂的MVC和支撑休息位的MORA的MVC。统计分析表明,有MORA的MVC位置的上附肢强度明显强于其他位置。MORA组各肌群的电子活动均显著大于休息位组,其中部分肌肉的电子活动显著大于MVC组或安慰剂组。结果表明,在肩外展运动中,在支撑休息体位咬入MORA后,上肢肌肉活动增加。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and canine bone tissue reaction of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium using thermal decomposition method. 羟基磷灰石包覆钛的热分解表征及犬骨组织反应。
S Hasegawa

Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coating by plasma spraying technique, which has been the common method used for HA coating, is not useful for coating the surfaces of porous metal implants because of difficulty in producing a homogeneous HA coating layer less than 30 micrometers. A new coating method, thermal decomposition, has been developed to obtain a dense coating layer with a thickness of 5 micrometer. In this study, the phase composition, surface morphology and adhesive strength between the coating layer and titanium substrate were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tear-off testing, respectively. The biocompatibility of the implant prepared using this coating technique was compared with that of implants obtained using the plasma spraying technique or uncoated titanium following implantation into canine femurs. Bonding strength between the bone and implant was evaluated by pull-out testing. New bone formation was observed by light microscopy and SEM. The dense coating layer obtained by thermal decomposition ,method was found to be composed of well-crystallized HA on XRD and SEM, and exhibited high adhesive strength. The biocompatibility of the samples obtained using this coating method was superior to that of the uncoated titanium implants and comparable to that obtained using the plasma spraying technique. The thin coating layer obtained using the thermal decomposition method should be useful for coating porous implants.

等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层是羟基磷灰石涂层的常用方法,但由于难以制备出小于30微米的均匀羟基磷灰石涂层,因此不适用于多孔金属植入物表面的涂层。提出了一种新的涂层方法——热分解法,可获得厚度为5微米的致密涂层。本研究采用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和撕脱测试分别对涂层与钛基之间的相组成、表面形貌和粘附强度进行了评价。将该涂层技术制备的植入体与等离子喷涂技术或未涂层钛的植入体植入犬股骨后的生物相容性进行比较。通过拔出试验评估骨与种植体之间的结合强度。光镜、扫描电镜观察新生骨形成。通过XRD和SEM分析发现,热分解法制备的致密涂层由结晶良好的HA组成,具有较高的粘接强度。该涂层方法获得的样品的生物相容性优于未涂层的钛植入物,与等离子喷涂技术获得的样品相当。采用热分解方法获得的薄涂层应可用于涂层多孔植入物。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis on decay rate of vibration following impact to human dry skull with and without mouthguards. 有无牙套对人体干颅骨冲击后振动衰减率的分析。
M Ou, Taniguchi, T Ohyama

The modal analysis on vibration in the human dry skull with and without mouthguards was performed in order to clarify which elasticity modulus of the material and what form of the mouthguard are best. Nine different mouthguards were prepared for this study from three materials with different elasticity moduli amd three different forms: Soft MOLTENO (registered) mouthguards of long, middle, and short forms. Regular MOLENTO (registered) mouthguards of long, middle and short forms, and Hard MOLENTO(registered) mouthguards of long, middle and short forms. Thirty-five measurement points were established on the skull. The main measurement system was composed of a 512-D Vibration Generator, LV-1300 Laser-Doppler Vibrometer, CF-6400 FFT Analyzer, PC-9821Xn personal computer, and Vibrant PC modal analysis software. The decay rate was calculated to evaluate effectiveness of the absorption of vibration of the skull with and without mouthguards when stress was put on the skull. The results showed that he skull fitted with the long and middle mouthguards made of regular MOLTENO (registered) had a higher decay rate than the skull w the mouthguard, and that the material properties of the mouthguards influenced the absorption of the skull vibration more intensively that did the forms of the mouthguards.

通过对带和不带牙套的人体干颅骨的振动进行模态分析,以明确哪种材料的弹性模量和哪种牙套的形式是最好的。本研究采用三种不同弹性模量的材料和三种不同的形式制备了九种不同的护齿器:长、中、短三种软MOLTENO(注册)护齿器。普通MOLENTO(注册)长、中、短型护齿器,硬MOLENTO(注册)长、中、短型护齿器。在颅骨上建立35个测量点。主要测量系统由512-D振动发生器、LV-1300激光多普勒测振仪、CF-6400 FFT分析仪、PC- 9821xn个人计算机和vibricpc模态分析软件组成。计算了齿套的衰减率,以评价齿套在颅骨上施加应力时颅骨对振动的吸收效果。结果表明,使用普通MOLTENO(注册)制作的长、中齿套的颅骨比使用普通MOLTENO(注册)制作的颅骨有更高的衰减率,并且齿套的材料特性比齿套的形状对颅骨振动吸收的影响更大。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of various fluoride compounds on the development of experimental root surface caries in hamsters. 不同氟化物对仓鼠实验性根面龋发育的影响。
Pub Date : 1995-12-01 DOI: 10.11501/3116189
D. Jg
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of topical applications of various fluoride compounds on the development of root surface caries in hamsters. Male golden hamsters (n = 115) were divided into 7 groups and were given a caries-promoting diet. Six groups were infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987; and to 5 infected groups, distilled water (DW) and solutions containing 500 ppmF of acidulated-phosphate fluoride (APF), stannous fluoride (SnF2), copper fluoride (CuF2), and titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) were applied topically to the first mandibular molars once daily, 7 days a week, over a 24-week period. A grid method was used to asses the periodontal changes and root surface caries on the first molars. Plaque accumulation was reduced most by SnF2; and alveolar bone loss was more reduced by SnF2 and CuF2. Root surface caries was significantly prevented in all fluoride groups when compared to an infected control group; and TiF4 was the most effective fluoride compound followed by SnF2, CuF2, and APF. Root caries scores of the TiF4 and SnF2 groups were significantly lower than those of the DW group. It was concluded that all fluoride tested may prevent the development of root surface caries in hamsters.
本研究的目的是评价局部应用不同氟化物对仓鼠牙根表面龋形成的影响。将115只雄性金仓鼠分为7组,给予促龋饮食。6组感染粘胶放线菌ATCC 15987;对5个感染组,采用蒸馏水(DW)和含有500 ppmF酸化磷酸氟(APF)、氟化亚锡(SnF2)、氟化铜(CuF2)和四氟化钛(TiF4)的溶液,每天1次,每周7天,连续24周局部涂于第一下颌磨牙。采用网格法对第一磨牙牙周变化及根面龋病进行评估。SnF2减少斑块堆积最多;SnF2和CuF2对牙槽骨丢失的抑制作用更大。与感染对照组相比,所有氟化物组均可显著预防根表面龋病;TiF4是最有效的氟化合物,其次是SnF2、CuF2和APF。TiF4和SnF2组的根龋评分显著低于DW组。结果表明,所测氟化物均可预防仓鼠牙根表面龋病的发生。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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