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Experimental root surface caries in hamsters the development of the disease after inoculations of two types of cariogenic bacteria. 实验研究了接种两种致龋菌后仓鼠根表面龋病的发展。
J G de Oliveira Cordeiro

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of root surface caries in hamsters fed a high-sucrose diet over a 24-week period after inoculations of two types of cariogenic bacteria. Twenty-one day old male golden hamsters (n = 103) were divided into 5 groups. Four groups were given diet 2000, and one group was given a stock diet CE-2, Of the groups given diet 2000, three groups were infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 and Streptococcus mutans NTCC 10449 separately (AV and SM groups) or in combination (AVSM group), and one group remained uninfected. A grid method was used to evaluate the plaque accumulation, alveolar bone loss, and root surface caries. After 12 weeks, root surface caries developed mainly on the first mandibular molars in the three infected groups. At 24 weeks, the prevalence of root surface caries was highest in the AV group, but root caries scores were not significantly different among the three infected groups. In the groups SM and AVSM, the molar crowns were extensively destroyed by caries, while in the AV group the crowns were almost intact. It was concluded that challenge with Actinomyces viscosus may be appropriate to study root surface caries in hamsters.

本研究的目的是在接种两种致龋细菌后,在24周内喂食高糖饮食的仓鼠,研究其根表面龋的发展情况。21日龄雄性金仓鼠103只,分为5组。4组饲喂饲料2000,1组饲喂普通饲料CE-2。在饲喂饲料2000的各组中,3组分别(AV组和SM组)或联合(AVSM组)感染粘放线菌ATCC 15987和变形链球菌NTCC 10449, 1组未感染。采用网格法评估牙菌斑积累、牙槽骨流失和牙根表面龋病。12周后,三个感染组主要在第一下颌磨牙发生根面龋。24周时,牙根表面龋病发生率在AV组最高,但牙根龋病评分在三个感染组之间无显著差异。SM组和AVSM组的磨牙冠被龋破坏严重,而AV组的磨牙冠基本完整。结果表明,粘胶放线菌攻毒是研究仓鼠根面龋的适宜方法。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of various fluoride compounds on the development of experimental root surface caries in hamsters. 不同氟化物对仓鼠实验性根面龋发育的影响。
J G de Oliveira Cordeiro

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of topical applications of various fluoride compounds on the development of root surface caries in hamsters. Male golden hamsters (n = 115) were divided into 7 groups and were given a caries-promoting diet. Six groups were infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987; and to 5 infected groups, distilled water (DW) and solutions containing 500 ppmF of acidulated-phosphate fluoride (APF), stannous fluoride (SnF2), copper fluoride (CuF2), and titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) were applied topically to the first mandibular molars once daily, 7 days a week, over a 24-week period. A grid method was used to asses the periodontal changes and root surface caries on the first molars. Plaque accumulation was reduced most by SnF2; and alveolar bone loss was more reduced by SnF2 and CuF2. Root surface caries was significantly prevented in all fluoride groups when compared to an infected control group; and TiF4 was the most effective fluoride compound followed by SnF2, CuF2, and APF. Root caries scores of the TiF4 and SnF2 groups were significantly lower than those of the DW group. It was concluded that all fluoride tested may prevent the development of root surface caries in hamsters.

本研究的目的是评价局部应用不同氟化物对仓鼠牙根表面龋形成的影响。将115只雄性金仓鼠分为7组,给予促龋饮食。6组感染粘胶放线菌ATCC 15987;对5个感染组,采用蒸馏水(DW)和含有500 ppmF酸化磷酸氟(APF)、氟化亚锡(SnF2)、氟化铜(CuF2)和四氟化钛(TiF4)的溶液,每天1次,每周7天,连续24周局部涂于第一下颌磨牙。采用网格法对第一磨牙牙周变化及根面龋病进行评估。SnF2减少斑块堆积最多;SnF2和CuF2对牙槽骨丢失的抑制作用更大。与感染对照组相比,所有氟化物组均可显著预防根表面龋病;TiF4是最有效的氟化合物,其次是SnF2、CuF2和APF。TiF4和SnF2组的根龋评分显著低于DW组。结果表明,所测氟化物均可预防仓鼠牙根表面龋病的发生。
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引用次数: 0
Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of adenomatous hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma: cellularity, thickness of cell cord, and Ki-67 proliferative activity. 腺瘤性增生和肝细胞癌的组织病理学和免疫组织化学分析:细胞结构、细胞索厚度和Ki-67增殖活性。
K W Than, I Okayasu, T Akashi

To characterize adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to establish their histopathological differences, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses, namely, cellularity, thickness of cell cord, and Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) were done on surgically obtained hepatic lesions from patients with positive serum antibody against HCV. The hepatic lesions analyzed include chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (11 specimens), regenerative nodules of liver cirrhosis (LC) (29), AH (11), small HCC Edmondson's Grade I (GI) (19), GII (26), GIII (14). The results showed that AH has relatively high cellularity, and significantly greater thickness of cell cord than LC; whereas, HCC GI has significantly higher cellularity and Ki-67 LI than AH. From the data of these markers, and from the absence of conspicuous structural atypism, AH is considered to be in a different category from HCC GI. The premalignant potential of AH is supported only by its high incidence of coexistence adjacent to HCC GI or GII(6/11). Most lesions of HCC seem to develop from the liver tissue having a background of CAH or LC without passing through AH. Focal fatty changes are frequently observed within lesions of both AH and HCC GI (5/11, 8/19). When non-fatty regions of AH and HCC GI are compared, with respect to their markers, particularly Ki-67 LI, as well as the structural atypism, such as microacinus formation and pseudoglandular structure, and invasive growth into the surrounding liver parenchyma, HCC GI can be diagnosed as an early or well-differentiated malignant lesion.

为了确定腺瘤性增生(AH)和肝细胞癌(HCC)的特征,并确定它们的组织病理学差异,我们对HCV血清抗体阳性患者手术获得的肝病变进行了形态计量学和免疫组织化学分析,即细胞结构、细胞索厚度和Ki-67标记指数(Ki-67 LI)。分析的肝脏病变包括慢性活动性肝炎(CAH)(11例)、肝硬化再生结节(LC)(29例)、AH(11例)、小肝癌Edmondson's I级(GI)(19例)、GII(26例)、GIII(14例)。结果表明:AH细胞密度较高,细胞束厚度明显大于LC;而HCC GI的细胞含量和Ki-67 LI明显高于AH。根据这些标志物的数据,以及没有明显的结构异型性,AH被认为与HCC GI属于不同的类别。AH的癌前潜能仅因其与HCC GI或GII共存的高发生率而得到支持(6/11)。大多数HCC的病变似乎是从具有CAH或LC背景的肝组织发展而来,而不经过AH。局灶性脂肪改变在AH和HCC GI病变中都经常观察到(5/ 11,8 /19)。当比较AH和HCC GI的非脂肪区标志物,特别是Ki-67 LI,以及结构异型性,如微腺泡形成和假腺结构,以及浸润性生长到周围肝实质时,HCC GI可被诊断为早期或分化良好的恶性病变。
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引用次数: 0
Properties of alkaline phosphatase in the gingival crevicular fluid. 龈沟液中碱性磷酸酶的性质。
J R Kina, N Yoshida, M Goseki, S Sasaki, I Ishikawa

The isoenzymic properties of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were investigated and compared with those in other cells, such as human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and human periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), and with those of three species of periodontopathic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 (P. gingivalis), Prevotella intermedia ATCC25611 (P. intermedia), and Capnocytophaga sputigena ATCC33123 (C. sputigena). The biochemical properties of the isoenzymes were analyzed by the following methods: enzyme assays, inhibition pattern using three chemical inhibitors, 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thermostability, immunological specificity, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) treatment. The inhibition experiment showed that ALP of the PMNs and PDLs possessed almost the same enzymatic properties of tissue-nonspecific ALP (bone/liver/kidney; TNSALP), and the ALP of the three species of periodontopathic bacteria possessed specific properties that were different from those of TNSALP, intestinal, or placental ALP. The ALP of the GCF was only slightly susceptible to levamisole (1 mM), L-phenylalanine (20 mM), and SDS (1%). An electrophoresis thermostability test demonstrated that the enzyme activity of the GCF was separated into one or two bands. The main heat-labile slow band contained the phosphatidylinositol (PI)-moiety-anchored ALP and possessed immunological specificity against anti-bone type ALP. The minor fast band was heat stable and showed mobility similar to that in P. gingivalis. These results indicated that the ALP of the GCF consisted of several ALP isoenzyme types whose possible origins are considered to be derived from phosphatidylinositol (PI) anchored ALP and periodontopathic bacterial ALP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

研究了龈沟液(GCF)碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的同工酶性质,并与其他细胞(如人多形核白细胞(PMNs)和人牙周韧带细胞(pdl))以及牙龈卟啉单胞菌381 (P. gingivalis)、中间普氏菌ATCC25611 (P. intermedia)和痰胞噬菌ATCC33123 (C. sputigena)的同工酶性质进行了比较。采用酶学分析、三种化学抑制剂的抑制模式、4 ~ 20%梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、热稳定性、免疫特异性和磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C (PI-PLC)处理等方法分析了同工酶的生化特性。抑制实验表明,pmn和pdl的ALP具有与组织非特异性ALP(骨/肝/肾;三种牙周病细菌的ALP具有不同于TNSALP、肠道或胎盘ALP的特定性质。GCF的ALP对左旋咪唑(1 mM)、l -苯丙氨酸(20 mM)和SDS(1%)仅轻微敏感。电泳热稳定性测试表明,GCF的酶活性分为一个或两个条带。主要的热不稳定慢带含有磷脂酰肌醇(PI)片段锚定的ALP,对抗骨型ALP具有免疫特异性。次要的快带热稳定,其流动性与牙龈假单胞菌相似。这些结果表明,GCF的ALP由几种ALP同工酶组成,其可能的来源被认为是磷脂酰肌醇(PI)锚定的ALP和牙周病细菌ALP。(摘要删节250字)
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引用次数: 0
Effects of an indene-derivative, TN-871, on synaptic transmission in a sympathetic ganglion: presynaptic actions on neurotransmitter release. 独立衍生物TN-871对交感神经节突触传递的影响:突触前对神经递质释放的作用。
Pub Date : 1995-03-01 DOI: 10.11501/3116141
Y. Shen, K. Hirai, Y. Katayama
Intracellular recordings were made from bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells to elucidate effects of 2-n-butyl-1-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene.2 HCl (TN-871) on synaptic transmission. TN-871 at 30 nM augmented cholinergic nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast EPSPs), whereas the drug at 3 microM reversibly depressed them, without affecting acetylcholine-induced depolarizations. TN-871 did not affect active and passive electrical properties of the ganglion cells. The quantal analysis method was applied to the fast EPSPs in a 0.54 mM Ca2+/7.56 mM Mg2+ Ringer's solution. The mean quantal content was significantly increased by TN-871 at 30 nM but significantly decreased at 3 microM. TN-871 at 300 nM either increased or decreased the mean quantal content. The mean quantal size of the fast EPSPs was not changed by TN-871 at the concentrations examined. Fast EPSPs in a 0.99 mM Ca2+/4.86 mM Mg2+ Ringer's solution were not affected by nicardipine, but were inhibited in amplitude by omega-conotoxin in a concentration-dependent manner. It is likely that TN-871, in high concentrations, might block omega-conotoxin-sensitive N-type calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals. These results indicate that TN-871 modulates transmitter release from preganglionic nerve terminals without changing the postsynaptic sensitivity of the ganglion cells to ACh.
利用牛蛙交感神经节细胞的细胞内记录来阐明2-正丁基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪基)-5,6-亚甲基二氧二茚的作用HCl (TN-871)对突触传递的影响。在30 nM下,TN-871增强了胆碱能尼古丁快速兴奋性突触后电位(fast EPSPs),而在3微米下,药物可逆地抑制了它们,而不影响乙酰胆碱诱导的去极化。TN-871不影响神经节细胞的主动和被动电特性。定量分析方法应用于0.54 mM Ca2+/7.56 mM Mg2+林格溶液中的快速EPSPs。n -871在30 nM下显著提高了平均量子含量,在3 nM下显著降低了平均量子含量。在300 nM时,TN-871增加或减少了平均量子含量。在检测的浓度下,TN-871没有改变快速epsp的平均量子大小。在0.99 mM Ca2+/4.86 mM Mg2+林格氏溶液中,快速EPSPs不受nicardipine的影响,但在振幅上被omega- concontoxin以浓度依赖的方式抑制。高浓度的n- 871可能会阻断突触前末端对ω -conotoxin敏感的n型钙通道。这些结果表明,TN-871调节神经节前神经末梢的递质释放,但不改变神经节细胞对乙酰胆碱的突触后敏感性。
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引用次数: 1
Human B lymphocytes respond to Epstein-Barr virus with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. 人B淋巴细胞对eb病毒的反应是细胞内Ca2+浓度的增加。
A Ono, H Tatsumi, K Yamamoto, Y Katayama

Early events in the infection of human B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were examined by measuring calcium ion concentration from fluorescence with fura-2. Intracellular Ca ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) of B lymphocytes increased in response to EBV application. Three types of [Ca2+]i-increase were observed: (1) an early transient [Ca2+]i-increase; and (3) a slow [Ca2+]i-increase without the early transient [Ca2+]i-increase. The early transient increase was observed in the zero Ca2+ condition, but it was suppressed when cells were pretreated with ryanodine before exposure to the virus. The slow sustained [Ca2+]i increase was not observed in Ca(2+)-free extracellular conditions. These results suggest that the early transient [Ca2+]i increase is mediated by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca storage sites, and the slow sustained [Ca2+]i increase is mediated by the Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane. Virus receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes were stained with a fluorescence marker, rhodamine, and the capping process after EBV application was observed under a confocal microscope. The capping process and the localization of virus receptors were observed after EBV application. The time course of the capping process seems similar to that of the slow, sustained [Ca2+]i increase.

用fura-2荧光法测定钙离子浓度,检测eb病毒感染人B淋巴细胞的早期事件。B淋巴细胞胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)在EBV作用下升高。观察到三种类型的[Ca2+]i升高:(1)早期瞬态[Ca2+]i升高;(3)缓慢的[Ca2+]i增加,没有早期的瞬态[Ca2+]i增加。在零Ca2+条件下观察到早期的短暂性增加,但当细胞在暴露于病毒之前用ryanodine预处理时,它被抑制。在无Ca(2+)的细胞外条件下,没有观察到缓慢持续的[Ca2+]i增加。这些结果表明,早期短暂的[Ca2+]i增加是由细胞内钙储存位点的Ca2+释放介导的,而缓慢持续的[Ca2+]i增加是由Ca2+通过质膜内流介导的。用荧光标记物罗丹明对B淋巴细胞表面的病毒受体进行染色,并在共聚焦显微镜下观察EBV应用后的盖帽过程。应用EBV后,观察了病毒封顶过程和病毒受体的定位。封顶过程的时间过程似乎与缓慢,持续的[Ca2+]i增加相似。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of an indene-derivative, TN-871, on synaptic transmission in a sympathetic ganglion: presynaptic actions on neurotransmitter release. 独立衍生物TN-871对交感神经节突触传递的影响:突触前对神经递质释放的作用。
Y L Shen, K Hirai, Y Katayama

Intracellular recordings were made from bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells to elucidate effects of 2-n-butyl-1-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene.2 HCl (TN-871) on synaptic transmission. TN-871 at 30 nM augmented cholinergic nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast EPSPs), whereas the drug at 3 microM reversibly depressed them, without affecting acetylcholine-induced depolarizations. TN-871 did not affect active and passive electrical properties of the ganglion cells. The quantal analysis method was applied to the fast EPSPs in a 0.54 mM Ca2+/7.56 mM Mg2+ Ringer's solution. The mean quantal content was significantly increased by TN-871 at 30 nM but significantly decreased at 3 microM. TN-871 at 300 nM either increased or decreased the mean quantal content. The mean quantal size of the fast EPSPs was not changed by TN-871 at the concentrations examined. Fast EPSPs in a 0.99 mM Ca2+/4.86 mM Mg2+ Ringer's solution were not affected by nicardipine, but were inhibited in amplitude by omega-conotoxin in a concentration-dependent manner. It is likely that TN-871, in high concentrations, might block omega-conotoxin-sensitive N-type calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals. These results indicate that TN-871 modulates transmitter release from preganglionic nerve terminals without changing the postsynaptic sensitivity of the ganglion cells to ACh.

利用牛蛙交感神经节细胞的细胞内记录来阐明2-正丁基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪基)-5,6-亚甲基二氧二茚的作用HCl (TN-871)对突触传递的影响。在30 nM下,TN-871增强了胆碱能尼古丁快速兴奋性突触后电位(fast EPSPs),而在3微米下,药物可逆地抑制了它们,而不影响乙酰胆碱诱导的去极化。TN-871不影响神经节细胞的主动和被动电特性。定量分析方法应用于0.54 mM Ca2+/7.56 mM Mg2+林格溶液中的快速EPSPs。n -871在30 nM下显著提高了平均量子含量,在3 nM下显著降低了平均量子含量。在300 nM时,TN-871增加或减少了平均量子含量。在检测的浓度下,TN-871没有改变快速epsp的平均量子大小。在0.99 mM Ca2+/4.86 mM Mg2+林格氏溶液中,快速EPSPs不受nicardipine的影响,但在振幅上被omega- concontoxin以浓度依赖的方式抑制。高浓度的n- 871可能会阻断突触前末端对ω -conotoxin敏感的n型钙通道。这些结果表明,TN-871调节神经节前神经末梢的递质释放,但不改变神经节细胞对乙酰胆碱的突触后敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
Dental attrition of Mayan Tzutujil children--a study based on longitudinal materials. 玛雅Tzutujil儿童牙齿磨损——一项基于纵向材料的研究。
Pub Date : 1995-03-01 DOI: 10.11501/3103443
Abreu Tabarini, S. Hamilton
The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental attrition by measuring attrition volume on all types of teeth during facial growth, tooth shedding and eruption. Dental casts and cephalograms of 7 male and 7 female Mayan Tzutujil Indian children were used. Relationships were found between increase in vertical and horizontal facial growth and increase in attrition on the deciduous canines, first and second molars, permanent incisors and first molars in both arches and in both sexes. Significant increases in attrition were found on the deciduous second molars during eruption of the permanent first molars, and on the permanent incisors and first molars during eruption of the second molars in both arches and in both sexes. The results suggest that the function of attrition is 1) to compensate for increase in vertical and horizontal dimensions during facial growth, and 2) to adjust the occlusal surfaces during tooth eruption and occlusal development. In addition, an attritional index was developed to evaluate attrition among teeth. This index could be used in the future to make comparisons among different populations. Comparisons were made among Class I, II and III molar relations by using the attritional index, showing how it can be used to gain a better understanding of the characteristic patterns of dental attrition.
本研究的目的是通过测量面部生长,牙齿脱落和萌牙期间所有类型牙齿的磨损量来评估牙齿磨损。使用了7名男性和7名女性玛雅Tzutujil印第安儿童的牙模和脑电图。研究发现,纵向和横向面部生长的增加与乳牙、第一磨牙和第二磨牙、恒门牙和第一磨牙的磨耗增加有关。在恒牙第一磨牙出牙期间,乳牙第二磨牙的磨耗显著增加;在恒牙和第一磨牙出牙期间,两种牙弓和两性的磨耗均显著增加。结果表明,磨耗的作用是1)补偿面部生长过程中垂直和水平尺寸的增加,2)在出牙和咬合发育过程中调节咬合面。此外,还建立了一个磨耗指数来评估牙齿之间的磨耗。这个指数将来可以用于不同人群之间的比较。通过使用磨耗指数对I类、II类和III类磨牙关系进行比较,展示了如何使用磨耗指数来更好地了解牙齿磨耗的特征模式。
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引用次数: 0
Immunological differentiation of human tissue-nonspecific type alkaline phosphatases by a monoclonal antibody to the enzyme of human osteoblast-like cells. 人成骨样细胞酶单克隆抗体对人组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶的免疫分化。
M Goseki, S Oida, Y Ogata, S Sasaki

Monoclonal antibodies against alkaline phosphatase [ALP; ortho-phosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, alkaline optimum, EC 3.1.3.1.] of cultured human osteoblast-like cells (HBC) were raised in mice. Immuno-reactions of tissue-nonspecific type ALP from human bone, dental pulp, liver and kidney as well as intestinal and placental types to the monoclonal antibodies were compared by a dot immunoassay and ELISA. One clone was able to recognize antigenic differences among tissue-nonspecific type ALPs in addition to intestinal and placental ALPs; it reacted favorably with ALPs from HBC, human bone, kidney and dental pulp, but not with human liver enzyme. Similarly, the antibody immunoreacted with bone-derived ALP but not with liver-derived enzyme present in human serum. The present monoclonal antibody preparation can be utilized in basic studies as well as in clinical laboratory tests to distinguish minor heterogeneity among human ALPs.

抗碱性磷酸酶单克隆抗体;正磷酸单酯磷酸水解酶,碱性最佳,EC 3.1.3.1。]的人成骨细胞样细胞(HBC)在小鼠体内培养。采用点免疫法和ELISA法比较人骨、牙髓、肝、肾、肠、胎盘组织非特异性ALP对单克隆抗体的免疫反应。一个克隆能够识别除肠道和胎盘外组织非特异性型ALPs之间的抗原差异;与HBC、人骨、肾和牙髓中的ALPs反应良好,但与人肝酶反应不佳。同样,该抗体与骨源性ALP发生免疫反应,但与人血清中存在的肝源性酶不发生免疫反应。本方法制备的单克隆抗体可用于基础研究和临床实验室检测,以区分人ALPs之间的微小异质性。
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引用次数: 0
Voluntary exercise increases osteogenetic activity in rat bones. 自愿运动增加了大鼠骨骼中的成骨活动。
M Goseki, N Omi, S Oida, I Ezawa, S Sasaki

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of voluntary exercise on osteoinductive activity in rat bone. Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were allowed to exercise freely by running on a treadmill or kept as controls without exercise for 53 days. Decalcified humeral diaphyses from experimental and control rats were implanted intraperitoneally into host rats and harvested after 33 days. A significant increase in bone formation was confirmed in the implanted bone matrices from the running group in comparison with those from control animals by soft X-ray photography and determination of alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral content. Alkaline phosphatase activity in bone and serum was increased by exercise in both male and female animals. The results suggest that osteoinductive activity in the bone was probably due to increased levels of bone morphogenetic protein following voluntary exercise.

本研究旨在探讨自主运动对大鼠骨成骨活性的影响。让Sprague-Dawley雄性和雌性大鼠在跑步机上自由运动,或作为对照组不运动53天。将实验组大鼠和对照组大鼠的脱钙肱骨骨干腹腔内植入宿主大鼠,33天后取出。通过软x线摄影和碱性磷酸酶活性和矿物质含量的测定,证实跑步组植入的骨基质与对照组相比骨形成明显增加。运动增加了雄性和雌性动物骨骼和血清中碱性磷酸酶活性。结果表明,骨中的骨诱导活性可能是由于自发运动后骨形态发生蛋白水平的增加。
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引用次数: 0
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The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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