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Clinical assessment of the knowledge base of an expert system for data analysis in laboratory medicine. 检验医学数据分析专家系统知识库的临床评估。
Pub Date : 1992-06-01 DOI: 10.11480/BTMD.390202
M. Nishibori
Despite the apparent demand for a consultation system, only a few expert systems have been developed for laboratory medicine. Some studies on the diagnostic precision of such systems have been reported, but the efficiency of their knowledge bases has not yet been investigated. An expert system, named BLOOD, for data analysis in a hematology laboratory, which is written in C-Prolog and runs on VAX-station, has already been reported to have excellent diagnostic reliability and ability to cope with the fuzziness involved in clinical diagnostic procedures. A quantitative examination of the knowledge base of BLOOD using real laboratory data from 58 patients diagnosed as having iron deficiency anemia clearly revealed the verbosity of the knowledge base, and proved that it was effective for obtaining a group of essential diagnostic rules.
尽管对会诊系统有明显的需求,但只为检验医学开发了少数专家系统。一些关于这类系统的诊断精度的研究已被报道,但其知识库的效率尚未被调查。据报道,血液学实验室的数据分析专家系统BLOOD使用C-Prolog编写,在VAX-station上运行,具有出色的诊断可靠性和处理临床诊断过程中所涉及的模糊性的能力。利用58例缺铁性贫血患者的真实实验室数据对BLOOD知识库进行定量检验,清楚地揭示了知识库的冗长性,并证明了该知识库对于获得一组基本诊断规则是有效的。
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引用次数: 1
Enterocolitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--report of two cases. 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起的小肠结肠炎——附2例报告
D Yoshida, H Fukunari, I Hojo, K Kitago, M Ito, Z Nihei, T Inoue, Y Mishima

Two cases of postoperative enterocolitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after gastrectomy were experienced. Case 1: A 59-year-old male underwent subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Diffuse peritonitis progressed after the first operation, so reoperation for drainage was required. Two days after the second operation, a profuse watery diarrhea developed. Case 2: A 46-year-old male underwent total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. On the fourth postoperative day, frequent vomiting and cholera-like diarrhea started, followed by profound shock several hours later. Both cases were treated successfully by the administration of vancomycin. Stool cultures of both cases revealed MRSA and it had the same minimal inhibitory concentration, coagulase type and enterotoxin type, so that nosocomial infection was indicated.

本文报告2例胃切除术后因耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)引起的小肠结肠炎。病例1:59岁男性,因晚期胃癌行胃大部切除术。第一次手术后出现弥漫性腹膜炎,需再次手术引流。第二次手术两天后,她出现了严重的水样腹泻。病例2:46岁男性,因早期胃癌行全胃切除术。术后第四天,患者开始频繁呕吐和霍乱样腹泻,数小时后出现深度休克。两例均经万古霉素治疗成功。两例患者粪便培养均检出MRSA,且其最低抑菌浓度、凝固酶型和肠毒素型相同,提示医院感染。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical assessment of the knowledge base of an expert system for data analysis in laboratory medicine. 检验医学数据分析专家系统知识库的临床评估。
M Nishibori

Despite the apparent demand for a consultation system, only a few expert systems have been developed for laboratory medicine. Some studies on the diagnostic precision of such systems have been reported, but the efficiency of their knowledge bases has not yet been investigated. An expert system, named BLOOD, for data analysis in a hematology laboratory, which is written in C-Prolog and runs on VAX-station, has already been reported to have excellent diagnostic reliability and ability to cope with the fuzziness involved in clinical diagnostic procedures. A quantitative examination of the knowledge base of BLOOD using real laboratory data from 58 patients diagnosed as having iron deficiency anemia clearly revealed the verbosity of the knowledge base, and proved that it was effective for obtaining a group of essential diagnostic rules.

尽管对会诊系统有明显的需求,但只为检验医学开发了少数专家系统。一些关于这类系统的诊断精度的研究已被报道,但其知识库的效率尚未被调查。据报道,血液学实验室的数据分析专家系统BLOOD使用C-Prolog编写,在VAX-station上运行,具有出色的诊断可靠性和处理临床诊断过程中所涉及的模糊性的能力。利用58例缺铁性贫血患者的真实实验室数据对BLOOD知识库进行定量检验,清楚地揭示了知识库的冗长性,并证明了该知识库对于获得一组基本诊断规则是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Cytogenetic studies of human malignant melanoma cell lines. 人类恶性黑色素瘤细胞系的细胞遗传学研究。
M Yin, M A Yoshida, A Tonomura, T Kasuga

Cytogenetic studies were performed on six cell lines derived from three patients suffering from malignant melanomas. The modal chromosome numbers were in the hypotriploid to hypertetraploid ranges and both the numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes were found. Aberrations were most frequently observed in chromosomes 1, 6 and 7. Deletion of 1q was consistently present in all cell lines, while loss of 6q was observed in two cell lines of case 1. Translocations t (Y; 6) and t (6;?) occurred in one cell line from case 3. An increased number of copies of chromosome 7 was a characteristic feature of the cell lines from case 2. Since positive correlation between the expression of EGF receptors and an increased dosage of chromosome 7 has been reported for malignant melanomas and the gene for EGFR has been mapped to band 7p12-p13, this phenomenon might be of importance for the proliferation of malignant melanoma. The findings of the present study are generally in agreement with the data previously published in the literature, indicating the existence of specific non-random chromosome lesions during melanoma development.

对3例恶性黑色素瘤患者的6株细胞系进行了细胞遗传学研究。模态染色体数目在半三倍体到超四倍体之间,染色体数目和结构都有畸变。在染色体1、6和7上最常观察到畸变。1q的缺失在所有细胞系中一致存在,而在病例1的两个细胞系中观察到6q的缺失。易位t (Y;6)和t(6;?)发生在病例3的一个细胞系中。7号染色体拷贝数增加是病例2细胞系的一个特征。由于恶性黑色素瘤中EGF受体的表达与7号染色体剂量增加呈正相关,并且EGFR基因已被定位到7p12-p13带,这一现象可能对恶性黑色素瘤的增殖具有重要意义。本研究的结果与先前发表的文献数据基本一致,表明在黑色素瘤的发展过程中存在特异性的非随机染色体病变。
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引用次数: 0
Studies on newly designed tooth surface treatments for adhesive composite restoration. 粘接复合修复牙面处理新设计研究。
K Hirasawa, M Fujitani, H Hosoda

Recently, problems have occurred frequently such as cervical and exposed dentin surface lesions or root caries and subsequent hypersensitivity because of further increase of the elderly population. This study was projected to device a proper and simple treatment and materials for the adhesive composite restoration for such lesions. The 10-20Ca (10% citric acid containing 20% calcium chloride) solution was found to be a comparatively mild tooth surface conditioning agent and to be effective with a single application to both dentin and enamel. In addition, the use of the SA primer (3% N-methacryloyl 5-aminosalicylic acid in 80% ethanol) and the LVR (visible light-cured, 33% microfilled low viscous Bis-GMA resin) dramatically improved the adhesion and adaptability of the composite restoration in the saucer cavity at the cervical area.

近年来,由于老年人口的进一步增加,经常出现颈椎及外露牙本质表面病变或牙根龋及继发的过敏等问题。本研究旨在为此类病变提供一种合适且简单的治疗方法和材料。10-20Ca(10%柠檬酸含20%氯化钙)溶液被发现是一种相对温和的牙齿表面调理剂,对牙本质和牙釉质都有效。此外,SA底漆(3% n -甲基丙烯酰5-氨基水杨酸,80%乙醇)和LVR(可见光固化,33%微填充低粘性Bis-GMA树脂)的使用显著提高了复合修复体在颈部托腔内的粘附性和适应性。
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引用次数: 0
A study on a method to identify the border between mandibular corpus and ramus on lateral cephalometric radiograph. 侧位头颅x线片鉴别下颌骨与支部边界的方法研究。
Pub Date : 1992-03-01 DOI: 10.11480/BTMD.390101
Y. F. Lin, Y. Ono, H. Ono
The mandible has two major parts, the corpus and the ramus. These two parts must be considered separately because each has its own functional counterpart with the maxilla and the posterior cranial base. Since the mandible is a single bone, the border of the corpus and the ramus can not be visualized on the conventional two-dimensional lateral cephalometric radiograph. The purpose of this study is to propose a reliable method to distinguish the border between the mandibular corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. In this study, 64 dried skulls in different developmental stages were examined. Metallic markers were placed at the diverging point (point T) on both sides of the dried skulls. From the occlusal view of the mandible, point T was considered to be the lingual border of the corpus and the ramus. Then, the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the dried skulls were taken. On each lateral cephalometric radiograph, a vertical line L was drawn from point Ra (the intersection of the occlusal plane and the anterior border of the ramus) to the mandibular plane. Thus, the distance from the midpoint of point T on each side to the vertical line L was measured. As a result, over 80% of the midpoints T were found on the vertical line L. Therefore, the vertical line L from point Ra to the mandibular plane can be considered to play the role of a reasonable reference line for distinguishing between the corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph.
下颌骨有两个主要部分,躯干和支。这两个部分必须分开考虑,因为每个部分都与上颌骨和后颅底有各自的功能对应。由于下颌骨是一个单一的骨头,在常规的二维侧位头颅x线片上不能看到体和支的边界。本研究的目的是提出一种可靠的方法来区分侧位头颅x线片上下颌体和支之间的边界。本研究对64个不同发育阶段的干颅骨进行了研究。在干燥颅骨两侧的发散点(T点)放置金属标记。从下颌骨的咬合角度来看,T点被认为是语体和支的舌缘。然后,拍摄干燥颅骨的侧位头颅x线片。在每个侧位头颅x线片上,从Ra点(咬合平面和支前缘的交点)到下颌平面画一条垂直线L。这样,就测量了每边T点的中点到垂直线L的距离。因此,从Ra点到下颌平面的垂直线L可以考虑在侧位头片上起到区分体支的合理参考线的作用。
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引用次数: 2
A study on a method to identify the border between mandibular corpus and ramus on lateral cephalometric radiograph. 侧位头颅x线片鉴别下颌骨与支部边界的方法研究。
Y F Lin, Y Ono, H Ono

The mandible has two major parts, the corpus and the ramus. These two parts must be considered separately because each has its own functional counterpart with the maxilla and the posterior cranial base. Since the mandible is a single bone, the border of the corpus and the ramus can not be visualized on the conventional two-dimensional lateral cephalometric radiograph. The purpose of this study is to propose a reliable method to distinguish the border between the mandibular corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. In this study, 64 dried skulls in different developmental stages were examined. Metallic markers were placed at the diverging point (point T) on both sides of the dried skulls. From the occlusal view of the mandible, point T was considered to be the lingual border of the corpus and the ramus. Then, the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the dried skulls were taken. On each lateral cephalometric radiograph, a vertical line L was drawn from point Ra (the intersection of the occlusal plane and the anterior border of the ramus) to the mandibular plane. Thus, the distance from the midpoint of point T on each side to the vertical line L was measured. As a result, over 80% of the midpoints T were found on the vertical line L. Therefore, the vertical line L from point Ra to the mandibular plane can be considered to play the role of a reasonable reference line for distinguishing between the corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph.

下颌骨有两个主要部分,躯干和支。这两个部分必须分开考虑,因为每个部分都与上颌骨和后颅底有各自的功能对应。由于下颌骨是一个单一的骨头,在常规的二维侧位头颅x线片上不能看到体和支的边界。本研究的目的是提出一种可靠的方法来区分侧位头颅x线片上下颌体和支之间的边界。本研究对64个不同发育阶段的干颅骨进行了研究。在干燥颅骨两侧的发散点(T点)放置金属标记。从下颌骨的咬合角度来看,T点被认为是语体和支的舌缘。然后,拍摄干燥颅骨的侧位头颅x线片。在每个侧位头颅x线片上,从Ra点(咬合平面和支前缘的交点)到下颌平面画一条垂直线L。这样,就测量了每边T点的中点到垂直线L的距离。因此,从Ra点到下颌平面的垂直线L可以考虑在侧位头片上起到区分体支的合理参考线的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of meals on peripheral blood flow reduction by cold exposure in rabbit ears. 食物对兔耳冷暴露后外周血流量减少的影响。
T Wakabayashi

Although insulin is known to have various actions on the cardiovascular system, its effects on the microvessels in vivo have not been fully elucidated. This study was aimed to examine the effects of the increased endogenous insulin release after meals on the reflex vasoconstriction induced by cold exposure in the rabbit ears using a laser Doppler flowmeter. A reflex blood flow reduction by cold exposure was tested 3-4 hours after meals in the rabbits with or without pretreatment with a somatostatin analogue (Sandostatin, 100 micrograms/body). The degrees of the blood flow reduction were decreased after the diet intake compared to the responses in the fasting state. The blood flow reduction after diet intake in the non-treated group was significantly attenuated compared to the treated group (88.4 +/- 13.0% in the non-treated group vs. 47.5 +/- 13.4% in the treated group at 1 minute of cold exposure; p less than 0.05, and 87.6 +/- 20.2% vs. 40.2 +/- 24.8%, respectively, at 5 minutes of cold exposure; p less than 0.05). The somatostatin-treated rabbits showed a significant suppression of the increase in the serum insulin levels after meals compared to the non-treated control rabbits (17.8 +/- 10.2 microU/ml in the treated group vs. 78.6 +/- 38.3 microU/ml in the non-treated group, p less than 0.05). In the somatostatin-treated rabbits, the exogenously applied insulin caused a decreased response of blood flow to cold exposure. These findings suggest that in the postprandial state the endogenous insulin release may regulate the reactivity of the microvessels to the sympathetic stimuli.

虽然已知胰岛素对心血管系统有多种作用,但其对体内微血管的作用尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在利用激光多普勒血流仪研究餐后内源性胰岛素释放增加对兔耳冷暴露引起的反射性血管收缩的影响。用生长抑素类似物(Sandostatin, 100微克/体)预处理或不预处理家兔,在餐后3-4小时测试冷暴露对反射性血流量减少的影响。与禁食状态的反应相比,饮食摄入后血流量减少的程度有所降低。与治疗组相比,未治疗组饮食摄入后的血流量减少明显减弱(在冷暴露1分钟时,未治疗组为88.4 +/- 13.0%,治疗组为47.5 +/- 13.4%;P < 0.05,分别为87.6 +/- 20.2%和40.2 +/- 24.8%;P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,生长抑素治疗组显著抑制了餐后血清胰岛素水平的升高(治疗组为17.8 +/- 10.2 microU/ml,未治疗组为78.6 +/- 38.3 microU/ml, p < 0.05)。在生长抑素治疗的家兔中,外源性应用胰岛素导致血流量对冷暴露的反应降低。这些结果提示,在餐后状态下,内源性胰岛素释放可能调节微血管对交感刺激的反应性。
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引用次数: 0
Studies on newly designed tooth surface treatments for adhesive composite restoration. 粘接复合修复牙面处理新设计研究。
Pub Date : 1992-03-01 DOI: 10.11480/BTMD.390103
K. Hirasawa, M. Fujitani, H. Hosoda
Recently, problems have occurred frequently such as cervical and exposed dentin surface lesions or root caries and subsequent hypersensitivity because of further increase of the elderly population. This study was projected to device a proper and simple treatment and materials for the adhesive composite restoration for such lesions. The 10-20Ca (10% citric acid containing 20% calcium chloride) solution was found to be a comparatively mild tooth surface conditioning agent and to be effective with a single application to both dentin and enamel. In addition, the use of the SA primer (3% N-methacryloyl 5-aminosalicylic acid in 80% ethanol) and the LVR (visible light-cured, 33% microfilled low viscous Bis-GMA resin) dramatically improved the adhesion and adaptability of the composite restoration in the saucer cavity at the cervical area.
近年来,由于老年人口的进一步增加,经常出现颈椎及外露牙本质表面病变或牙根龋及继发的过敏等问题。本研究旨在为此类病变提供一种合适且简单的治疗方法和材料。10-20Ca(10%柠檬酸含20%氯化钙)溶液被发现是一种相对温和的牙齿表面调理剂,对牙本质和牙釉质都有效。此外,SA底漆(3% n -甲基丙烯酰5-氨基水杨酸,80%乙醇)和LVR(可见光固化,33%微填充低粘性Bis-GMA树脂)的使用显著提高了复合修复体在颈部托腔内的粘附性和适应性。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of meals on peripheral blood flow reduction by cold exposure in rabbit ears. 食物对兔耳冷暴露后外周血流量减少的影响。
Pub Date : 1992-03-01 DOI: 10.11480/BTMD.390102
T. Wakabayashi
Although insulin is known to have various actions on the cardiovascular system, its effects on the microvessels in vivo have not been fully elucidated. This study was aimed to examine the effects of the increased endogenous insulin release after meals on the reflex vasoconstriction induced by cold exposure in the rabbit ears using a laser Doppler flowmeter. A reflex blood flow reduction by cold exposure was tested 3-4 hours after meals in the rabbits with or without pretreatment with a somatostatin analogue (Sandostatin, 100 micrograms/body). The degrees of the blood flow reduction were decreased after the diet intake compared to the responses in the fasting state. The blood flow reduction after diet intake in the non-treated group was significantly attenuated compared to the treated group (88.4 +/- 13.0% in the non-treated group vs. 47.5 +/- 13.4% in the treated group at 1 minute of cold exposure; p less than 0.05, and 87.6 +/- 20.2% vs. 40.2 +/- 24.8%, respectively, at 5 minutes of cold exposure; p less than 0.05). The somatostatin-treated rabbits showed a significant suppression of the increase in the serum insulin levels after meals compared to the non-treated control rabbits (17.8 +/- 10.2 microU/ml in the treated group vs. 78.6 +/- 38.3 microU/ml in the non-treated group, p less than 0.05). In the somatostatin-treated rabbits, the exogenously applied insulin caused a decreased response of blood flow to cold exposure. These findings suggest that in the postprandial state the endogenous insulin release may regulate the reactivity of the microvessels to the sympathetic stimuli.
虽然已知胰岛素对心血管系统有多种作用,但其对体内微血管的作用尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在利用激光多普勒血流仪研究餐后内源性胰岛素释放增加对兔耳冷暴露引起的反射性血管收缩的影响。用生长抑素类似物(Sandostatin, 100微克/体)预处理或不预处理家兔,在餐后3-4小时测试冷暴露对反射性血流量减少的影响。与禁食状态的反应相比,饮食摄入后血流量减少的程度有所降低。与治疗组相比,未治疗组饮食摄入后的血流量减少明显减弱(在冷暴露1分钟时,未治疗组为88.4 +/- 13.0%,治疗组为47.5 +/- 13.4%;P < 0.05,分别为87.6 +/- 20.2%和40.2 +/- 24.8%;P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,生长抑素治疗组显著抑制了餐后血清胰岛素水平的升高(治疗组为17.8 +/- 10.2 microU/ml,未治疗组为78.6 +/- 38.3 microU/ml, p < 0.05)。在生长抑素治疗的家兔中,外源性应用胰岛素导致血流量对冷暴露的反应降低。这些结果提示,在餐后状态下,内源性胰岛素释放可能调节微血管对交感刺激的反应性。
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引用次数: 0
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The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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