Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.2
J. Useche, Belman Jahir Rodríguez, Andrés Felipe Guevara, Jhoan Sebastián Romero, Marcelo Herrera Martínez, L. Hermida
Soundscapes represents the way in which people perceive and experiment the sounds of a particular acoustic environment. In this paper we explain the procedure carried up to develop a Mobile App for the evaluation of soundscapes in the case of Spanish speakers and its validation through principal component analysis. The application (called “SSEBOG”) was implemented for android devices, and it is based on the ISO 12913-2 standard. The application allows geolocation, audio recording, image capture, feedback to users and data processing. A pilot test over a group of 56 persons evaluating the same acoustic environment was carried up with the App. The results of the principal component analysis indicate that the translations propose are consistent with the circular pattern model for the classification of the soundscapes frequently used for English speakers, however, the results suggest that the meaning of the diagonals in the circular pattern model does not correspond to a simple translation to Spanish.
{"title":"Mobile App for Soundscape evaluation for the Spanish speaking community validated through principal component analysis","authors":"J. Useche, Belman Jahir Rodríguez, Andrés Felipe Guevara, Jhoan Sebastián Romero, Marcelo Herrera Martínez, L. Hermida","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.2","url":null,"abstract":"Soundscapes represents the way in which people perceive and experiment the sounds of a particular acoustic environment. In this paper we explain the procedure carried up to develop a Mobile App for the evaluation of soundscapes in the case of Spanish speakers and its validation through principal component analysis. The application (called “SSEBOG”) was implemented for android devices, and it is based on the ISO 12913-2 standard. The application allows geolocation, audio recording, image capture, feedback to users and data processing. A pilot test over a group of 56 persons evaluating the same acoustic environment was carried up with the App. The results of the principal component analysis indicate that the translations propose are consistent with the circular pattern model for the classification of the soundscapes frequently used for English speakers, however, the results suggest that the meaning of the diagonals in the circular pattern model does not correspond to a simple translation to Spanish.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45650469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.3
J. Lugo, Santiago Marcelo Reina, Nicolás Martínez, Ruben Salazar, Jesus Vega, Luis Longas
This paper analyzes how the Bogotá’s air quality and pollutant levels affects the Boeing 737-800 take-off performance in terms of the available runway distances and maximum newtext{take-off} weight, which are two of the most restrictive factors in airlines' operation. The airport runway's physical characteristics, geographical position, surroundings, and atmospheric conditions affect the maximum aircraft newtext{take-off} weight. This study examines: (a) the influence of pollutants in Bogotá’s air quality and its subsequent effects in air density; (b) the maximum available polluting agents and relative humidity measures in this city; (c) the maximum take-off weight of the aircraft with and without air degradation due to atmospheric considerations. Software called “Aircraft Take-Off Software” has been developed to determine the B737-800 most limiting take-off weight of in specific geographical and atmospheric conditions. This study reflects the effect of high populated cities pollution on the aircraft operational performance which analysis has demonstrated that the presence of high carbon dioxide concentrations in the air increase the B737-800 payload capacity taking off from Bogotá but in the other hand, relative humidity variation decreases this capacity drastically, showing that considering Bogotá’s relative humidity and pollutant levels, the most restrictive weight situation for the take-off phase is the “Climb Limit Take-Off Weight”; however, as it is an aerodynamic study of the pollutants influence in engine combustion the structural integrity was not considered and for further investigation it should be considered to determine more accurately the most restrictive take-off weight.
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of air quality on the performance of the Boeing 737-800 evaluated during takeoff at El Dorado Airport","authors":"J. Lugo, Santiago Marcelo Reina, Nicolás Martínez, Ruben Salazar, Jesus Vega, Luis Longas","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes how the Bogotá’s air quality and pollutant levels affects the Boeing 737-800 take-off performance in terms of the available runway distances and maximum newtext{take-off} weight, which are two of the most restrictive factors in airlines' operation. The airport runway's physical characteristics, geographical position, surroundings, and atmospheric conditions affect the maximum aircraft newtext{take-off} weight. This study examines: (a) the influence of pollutants in Bogotá’s air quality and its subsequent effects in air density; (b) the maximum available polluting agents and relative humidity measures in this city; (c) the maximum take-off weight of the aircraft with and without air degradation due to atmospheric considerations. Software called “Aircraft Take-Off Software” has been developed to determine the B737-800 most limiting take-off weight of in specific geographical and atmospheric conditions. This study reflects the effect of high populated cities pollution on the aircraft operational performance which analysis has demonstrated that the presence of high carbon dioxide concentrations in the air increase the B737-800 payload capacity taking off from Bogotá but in the other hand, relative humidity variation decreases this capacity drastically, showing that considering Bogotá’s relative humidity and pollutant levels, the most restrictive weight situation for the take-off phase is the “Climb Limit Take-Off Weight”; however, as it is an aerodynamic study of the pollutants influence in engine combustion the structural integrity was not considered and for further investigation it should be considered to determine more accurately the most restrictive take-off weight.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47193317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2023.34.4
Awan Zahoor, Ghadia Ahmed, M. Amir, Faaz Butt Butt, Asad A. Naqvi
Among all type of batteries, Lithium Air Batteries (LAB) are considered to be the most effective due to their highest energy density of around 11900 Wh/kg but there are some major issues are being faced by LAB such as large overpotential, poor cycle life, low current density, and decreased energy efficiency. The solution to these issues is primarily dependent on the proper selection of an electrocatalyst. A new approach for using a bi-functional electrocatalyst produced excellent results. Here, Co3O4/α-MnO2 composite has been considered as a bifunctional catalyst because cobalt oxide performed well in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) process while manganese oxide performed well in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) process. A simple two-step hydrothermal process is used in this work to synthesize Co3O4/α-MnO2. This work focuses on the behavior of the composite electrocatalyst when varying percentages of Cobalt oxide (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) are deposited on the alpha-Manganese Oxide nanorods. The primary characteristics of each sample with different percentages of Cobalt Oxide are examined, and the performance of each sample is compared to one another. Several testing techniques like Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are performed on the samples. The combination of cobalt oxide and manganese oxide showed a synergistic effect and work as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. As the percentage of Co3O4 deposited on the α-MnO2 nanorod increased, it behaves more like an OER electrocatalyst leading to a decrease in charging potential. This work will help in finding an optimum amount of Co3O4 that should be deposited on α-MnO2 nanorods to get an efficient (ORR/OER) bifunctional electrocatalyst.
{"title":"Effect of varying percentages of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on the Behavior of (ORR/OER) Bifunctional Co3O4/α-MnO2 Electrocatalyst","authors":"Awan Zahoor, Ghadia Ahmed, M. Amir, Faaz Butt Butt, Asad A. Naqvi","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2023.34.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2023.34.4","url":null,"abstract":"Among all type of batteries, Lithium Air Batteries (LAB) are considered to be the most effective due to their highest energy density of around 11900 Wh/kg but there are some major issues are being faced by LAB such as large overpotential, poor cycle life, low current density, and decreased energy efficiency. The solution to these issues is primarily dependent on the proper selection of an electrocatalyst. A new approach for using a bi-functional electrocatalyst produced excellent results. Here, Co3O4/α-MnO2 composite has been considered as a bifunctional catalyst because cobalt oxide performed well in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) process while manganese oxide performed well in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) process. A simple two-step hydrothermal process is used in this work to synthesize Co3O4/α-MnO2. This work focuses on the behavior of the composite electrocatalyst when varying percentages of Cobalt oxide (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) are deposited on the alpha-Manganese Oxide nanorods. The primary characteristics of each sample with different percentages of Cobalt Oxide are examined, and the performance of each sample is compared to one another. Several testing techniques like Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are performed on the samples. The combination of cobalt oxide and manganese oxide showed a synergistic effect and work as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. As the percentage of Co3O4 deposited on the α-MnO2 nanorod increased, it behaves more like an OER electrocatalyst leading to a decrease in charging potential. This work will help in finding an optimum amount of Co3O4 that should be deposited on α-MnO2 nanorods to get an efficient (ORR/OER) bifunctional electrocatalyst.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46705294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.4
Awan Zahoor, Ghadia Ahmed, Muhammad Amir, Faaz Butt Butt, as Naqvi
Among all type of batteries, Lithium Air Batteries (LAB) are considered to be the most effective due to their highest energy density of around 11900 Wh/kg but there are some major issues are being faced by LAB such as large overpotential, poor cycle life, low current density, and decreased energy efficiency. The solution to these issues is primarily dependent on the proper selection of an electrocatalyst. A new approach for using a bi-functional electrocatalyst produced excellent results. Here, Co3O4/α-MnO2 composite has been considered as a bifunctional catalyst because cobalt oxide performed well in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) process while manganese oxide performed well in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) process. A simple two-step hydrothermal process is used in this work to synthesize Co3O4/α-MnO2. This work focuses on the behavior of the composite electrocatalyst when varying percentages of Cobalt oxide (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) are deposited on the alpha-Manganese Oxide nanorods. The primary characteristics of each sample with different percentages of Cobalt Oxide are examined, and the performance of each sample is compared to one another. Several testing techniques like Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are performed on the samples. The combination of cobalt oxide and manganese oxide showed a synergistic effect and work as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. As the percentage of Co3O4 deposited on the α-MnO2 nanorod increased, it behaves more like an OER electrocatalyst leading to a decrease in charging potential. This work will help in finding an optimum amount of Co3O4 that should be deposited on α-MnO2 nanorods to get an efficient (ORR/OER) bifunctional electrocatalyst.
{"title":"Effect of varying percentages of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on the Behavior of (ORR/OER) Bifunctional Co3O4/α-MnO2 Electrocatalyst","authors":"Awan Zahoor, Ghadia Ahmed, Muhammad Amir, Faaz Butt Butt, as Naqvi","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.34.4","url":null,"abstract":"Among all type of batteries, Lithium Air Batteries (LAB) are considered to be the most effective due to their highest energy density of around 11900 Wh/kg but there are some major issues are being faced by LAB such as large overpotential, poor cycle life, low current density, and decreased energy efficiency. The solution to these issues is primarily dependent on the proper selection of an electrocatalyst. A new approach for using a bi-functional electrocatalyst produced excellent results. Here, Co3O4/α-MnO2 composite has been considered as a bifunctional catalyst because cobalt oxide performed well in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) process while manganese oxide performed well in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) process. A simple two-step hydrothermal process is used in this work to synthesize Co3O4/α-MnO2. This work focuses on the behavior of the composite electrocatalyst when varying percentages of Cobalt oxide (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) are deposited on the alpha-Manganese Oxide nanorods. The primary characteristics of each sample with different percentages of Cobalt Oxide are examined, and the performance of each sample is compared to one another. Several testing techniques like Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are performed on the samples. The combination of cobalt oxide and manganese oxide showed a synergistic effect and work as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. As the percentage of Co3O4 deposited on the α-MnO2 nanorod increased, it behaves more like an OER electrocatalyst leading to a decrease in charging potential. This work will help in finding an optimum amount of Co3O4 that should be deposited on α-MnO2 nanorods to get an efficient (ORR/OER) bifunctional electrocatalyst.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past decade, a steady increase has been noticed in the number of mobile users and the use of mobile communication. In wireless communication links are stable. Duration of the link is the most important design by which the performance of the mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) can be determined. In this research article, a derivative metric of graph theory attained from mobility model technique in Ad Hoc network of casually moving object, link duration of probability density function (PDF)been examined by using three mobility models namely random waypoint, random direction, and freeway model. The performance is based on the node speed, transmission range, the density of node, area of simulation, and computational complexity with time. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the reliability and robustness of models have been analyzed. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is implemented is an easy hardware platform because of the concept in mobility models and the easiness of code.
{"title":"Mobile Ad-Hoc network, Mobile application, aircraft performance, software development","authors":"Amber Israr, Zain ANWAR ALI, Muhammad Salman Pathan, Rana J aved Masood","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2023.34.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2023.34.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, a steady increase has been noticed in the number of mobile users and the use of mobile communication. In wireless communication links are stable. Duration of the link is the most important design by which the performance of the mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) can be determined. In this research article, a derivative metric of graph theory attained from mobility model technique in Ad Hoc network of casually moving object, link duration of probability density function (PDF)been examined by using three mobility models namely random waypoint, random direction, and freeway model. The performance is based on the node speed, transmission range, the density of node, area of simulation, and computational complexity with time. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the reliability and robustness of models have been analyzed. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is implemented is an easy hardware platform because of the concept in mobility models and the easiness of code.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67507664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.5
J. Jadoon, A. Shazad, Muhammad Muzamil, M. Akhtar, Mohsin Sattar
Pressure vessels are one of the essential industrial tools for high-pressure containments. Catastrophic failure of pressure vessels is detrimental to society. It is essential to design pressure vessels by selecting high-strength materials and analyzing them beyond working loads to ensure safety. Liner less composite cylinders have gained importance in the pressure vessel industry owing to their high strength-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, etc. However accurate and efficient prediction of their mechanical properties was required. Finite element methods were employed for the structural analysis of reduced models. The three-dimensional shell structure of the Graphite/Epoxy composite system was analyzed using APDL. Appropriate boundary conditions were applied to 5x reduced models internally pressurized to 20 MPa. Suitable mesh size was selected through mesh independence and stress distributions were discussed for reduced models, especially for the inner two layers. Comparison with previous research confirmed the validity of the models. 0.1° rotated strip of the vessel gives accurate and conservative results. Tsai Wu, Tsai Hill, Maximum Shear Stress (Smax), and Von Mises were used to assess the failure of composite cylinders. Each of the failure criteria predicts the failure of the second layer for all the reduced models.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Composite Pressure Vessel Using Reduced Models","authors":"J. Jadoon, A. Shazad, Muhammad Muzamil, M. Akhtar, Mohsin Sattar","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.5","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure vessels are one of the essential industrial tools for high-pressure containments. Catastrophic failure of pressure vessels is detrimental to society. It is essential to design pressure vessels by selecting high-strength materials and analyzing them beyond working loads to ensure safety. Liner less composite cylinders have gained importance in the pressure vessel industry owing to their high strength-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, etc. However accurate and efficient prediction of their mechanical properties was required. Finite element methods were employed for the structural analysis of reduced models. The three-dimensional shell structure of the Graphite/Epoxy composite system was analyzed using APDL. Appropriate boundary conditions were applied to 5x reduced models internally pressurized to 20 MPa. Suitable mesh size was selected through mesh independence and stress distributions were discussed for reduced models, especially for the inner two layers. Comparison with previous research confirmed the validity of the models. 0.1° rotated strip of the vessel gives accurate and conservative results. Tsai Wu, Tsai Hill, Maximum Shear Stress (Smax), and Von Mises were used to assess the failure of composite cylinders. Each of the failure criteria predicts the failure of the second layer for all the reduced models.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44823011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.4
Talha Bin Nadeem, Asad A. Naqvi, Ahsan Ahmed
In developing countries such as Pakistan, the issue of generating power is crucial. As conventional power sources (fossil fuels) are depleting at an alarming rate. An abundant amount of energy is generated by thermal power plants using fossil fuels as their primary energy resource for combustion. Hence extreme uses of fossil fuels are noticed, which is greatly responsible for damaging our environment. Oceans exists around 71% of the surface area of earth and it has enormous potential for electricity generation. This study focuses on site selection for harnessing ocean energy by utilizing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems for coastal areas of Pakistan. In this study, four sites across the coastal region of Pakistan have been studied namely Karachi, Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni. Their theoretical maximum Carnot efficiencies have also been determined and Gwadar has been identified as the most suitable location for OTEC plant with the maximum theoretical efficiency of around 6.53%, 6.93% and 7.75% at the cold-water depths of 1000m, 1200m and 1500m, respectively.
{"title":"Suitable Site Selection for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems – A case study for Pakistan","authors":"Talha Bin Nadeem, Asad A. Naqvi, Ahsan Ahmed","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.4","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries such as Pakistan, the issue of generating power is crucial. As conventional power sources (fossil fuels) are depleting at an alarming rate. An abundant amount of energy is generated by thermal power plants using fossil fuels as their primary energy resource for combustion. Hence extreme uses of fossil fuels are noticed, which is greatly responsible for damaging our environment. Oceans exists around 71% of the surface area of earth and it has enormous potential for electricity generation. This study focuses on site selection for harnessing ocean energy by utilizing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems for coastal areas of Pakistan. In this study, four sites across the coastal region of Pakistan have been studied namely Karachi, Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni. Their theoretical maximum Carnot efficiencies have also been determined and Gwadar has been identified as the most suitable location for OTEC plant with the maximum theoretical efficiency of around 6.53%, 6.93% and 7.75% at the cold-water depths of 1000m, 1200m and 1500m, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41358273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.2
Gesny Yadira Baquero Cruz, Greys M. Florez Torres, G. Hanappi
A direct comparison of the welfare implications of pure competition between the states of Latin America and the outcome of a cooperative set of actions of these states is not possible. Laboratory experiments in the social sciences are impossible; societies experience just one run through history. Nevertheless, a concise study of the performance of a specific tool of cooperation, namely the Industrial Knowledge Bank (IKB), can be performed. If over time, such a tool attracts more and more countries, which formerly relied on competitive forces only, then an indirect proof of the superiority of cooperation can be assumed. The industrial knowledge is exchanged via specified projects, which form a network in the IKB data-bank. Then, the evolution of the structure of this network mimics the growth of the actual cooperative industrial projects. This paper provides a brief history and description of this institutional attempt to increase cooperation. It also shows the most relevant bottlenecks met by this project. Further, a clear picture of the state of industrial cooperation across South America is studied in detail through the development of the nodes of this network. We then use two indices typical for welfare increase to compare Latin American countries being part of the cooperation with those not taking part. The visible correlation can be interpreted as a hint of the advantages of cooperation. In conclusion, we provide some possible future scenarios for further industrial development in Latin America based on the study of this Industrial Knowledge Bank.
{"title":"Growth and cooperation of Latin American Countries: The role of industrial knowledge","authors":"Gesny Yadira Baquero Cruz, Greys M. Florez Torres, G. Hanappi","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.2","url":null,"abstract":"A direct comparison of the welfare implications of pure competition between the states of Latin America and the outcome of a cooperative set of actions of these states is not possible. Laboratory experiments in the social sciences are impossible; societies experience just one run through history. Nevertheless, a concise study of the performance of a specific tool of cooperation, namely the Industrial Knowledge Bank (IKB), can be performed. If over time, such a tool attracts more and more countries, which formerly relied on competitive forces only, then an indirect proof of the superiority of cooperation can be assumed. The industrial knowledge is exchanged via specified projects, which form a network in the IKB data-bank. Then, the evolution of the structure of this network mimics the growth of the actual cooperative industrial projects. This paper provides a brief history and description of this institutional attempt to increase cooperation. It also shows the most relevant bottlenecks met by this project. Further, a clear picture of the state of industrial cooperation across South America is studied in detail through the development of the nodes of this network. We then use two indices typical for welfare increase to compare Latin American countries being part of the cooperation with those not taking part. The visible correlation can be interpreted as a hint of the advantages of cooperation. In conclusion, we provide some possible future scenarios for further industrial development in Latin America based on the study of this Industrial Knowledge Bank.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42436637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.3
Asad A. Naqvi, Ahsan Ahmed, T. Nadeem, M. Talha, Muhammad Hamza Tariq, M. Siddiqui, Rayyan Ahmed Abbasi
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an attractive option to utilize the low-grade waste heat for power generation. The selection of working fluid for ORC is a challenging task because of environmental constraints as most of the organic fluids has the capacity to damage the environment. In this research, a method for the selection of an optimum working fluid for the operation low grade waste heat is determined. The selection of the optimum working fluids depends upon the thermal efficiency, Global Warming Potential (GWP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Atmospheric Lifetime of the fluid. Twelve different organic fluids including R134a, butene, R22, R152a, R245fa, R290, R161a, isobutene, isobutane, dimethyl ether, R600 and R124 are selected for the study. The ORC is analyzed by using EES at 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa and 3 MPa. The thermal efficiency of ORC is determined and is found that high operating pressure is favorable for the operation of ORC. At 2.5 MPa, the top three working fluids are R-245fa, R-600 and Iso-butene with an efficiency of 12.7%, 12% and 11.3% respectively. On the basis of thermal efficiency, R-245fa is the best but it has the highest GWP and atmospheric life of 1050 and 7.7 years. R-600 has GWP and atmospheric life of just 20 and 0.018 years. On the basis of environmental constraints, R-600 is found to be more beneficial than R-245fa. It is concluded that R-600 is the optimum working fluid for the operation of low-grade waste heat ORC.
{"title":"An effective and simplified method to select the working fluid for waste heat recovery based Organic Rankine Cycle","authors":"Asad A. Naqvi, Ahsan Ahmed, T. Nadeem, M. Talha, Muhammad Hamza Tariq, M. Siddiqui, Rayyan Ahmed Abbasi","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.3","url":null,"abstract":"Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an attractive option to utilize the low-grade waste heat for power generation. The selection of working fluid for ORC is a challenging task because of environmental constraints as most of the organic fluids has the capacity to damage the environment. In this research, a method for the selection of an optimum working fluid for the operation low grade waste heat is determined. The selection of the optimum working fluids depends upon the thermal efficiency, Global Warming Potential (GWP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Atmospheric Lifetime of the fluid. Twelve different organic fluids including R134a, butene, R22, R152a, R245fa, R290, R161a, isobutene, isobutane, dimethyl ether, R600 and R124 are selected for the study. The ORC is analyzed by using EES at 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa and 3 MPa. The thermal efficiency of ORC is determined and is found that high operating pressure is favorable for the operation of ORC. At 2.5 MPa, the top three working fluids are R-245fa, R-600 and Iso-butene with an efficiency of 12.7%, 12% and 11.3% respectively. On the basis of thermal efficiency, R-245fa is the best but it has the highest GWP and atmospheric life of 1050 and 7.7 years. R-600 has GWP and atmospheric life of just 20 and 0.018 years. On the basis of environmental constraints, R-600 is found to be more beneficial than R-245fa. It is concluded that R-600 is the optimum working fluid for the operation of low-grade waste heat ORC.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44663486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.18180/tecciencia.2022.32.7
Gesny Yadira Baquero Cruz, Greys M. Florez Torres, G. Hanappi
This paper provides an evaluation of a theoretical approach of network theory that describes network evolution by comparing it to an observed evolution of an industrial cooperation network connecting different countries. The theoretical approach considered is the well-known preferential attachment mechanism leading to power-law distributions developed by Albert Barabási. The empirical phenomenon studied is the evolution of the Industrial Knowledge Bank (IKB) maintained by The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). By fitting a discrete power law to the empirical data collected during the 4 years of operation of the IKB project and testing the goodness-of-fit using the bootstrapping procedure, it is shown that the theoretical framework in its most elementary form is adequate to grasp the essential features of the observed case. The comparison also leads to an improved understanding of very influential social factors like language and geographical distance, thus can give valuable insight for the further theoretical advances in theoretical work on network evolution and its applications to Social, Industrial, and Economic Development.
{"title":"Network evolution in theory and as observed, the case of the Industrial Knowledge Bank of Latin America","authors":"Gesny Yadira Baquero Cruz, Greys M. Florez Torres, G. Hanappi","doi":"10.18180/tecciencia.2022.32.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.32.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an evaluation of a theoretical approach of network theory that describes network evolution by comparing it to an observed evolution of an industrial cooperation network connecting different countries. The theoretical approach considered is the well-known preferential attachment mechanism leading to power-law distributions developed by Albert Barabási. The empirical phenomenon studied is the evolution of the Industrial Knowledge Bank (IKB) maintained by The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). By fitting a discrete power law to the empirical data collected during the 4 years of operation of the IKB project and testing the goodness-of-fit using the bootstrapping procedure, it is shown that the theoretical framework in its most elementary form is adequate to grasp the essential features of the observed case. The comparison also leads to an improved understanding of very influential social factors like language and geographical distance, thus can give valuable insight for the further theoretical advances in theoretical work on network evolution and its applications to Social, Industrial, and Economic Development.","PeriodicalId":22331,"journal":{"name":"TECCIENCIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46409294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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