Penulis tempatan dan Eropah mempunyai catatan berkenaan perkembangan politik dan ekonomi masyarakat peribumi di Borneo Utara. Kesultanan Brunei memerintah pantai barat Borneo Utara dibantu oleh golongan pembesar Brunei yang dikenali sebagai wazir. Penulis Eropah juga menjelaskan bagaimana pembesar Brunei membantu kesultanan mengendalikan sistem pentadbiran di Borneo Utara. Mereka ini berperanan dalam memastikan urusan orang asli Borneo Utara. Namun, setelah SBUB menjajah Borneo Utara pada tahun 1881, pentadbiran kolonial mengubah corak pemerintahan menjadi eksploitasi ekonomi komersial.Justeru, SBUB mengambil alih jajahan Kesultanan Brunei sehingga mencetuskan pemberontakan dalam kalangan masyarakat peribumi. Objektif penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk membincangkan perkembangan politik dan ekonomi serta reaksi masyarakat peribumi di pantai barat Borneo Utara semasa pemerintahan Kesultanan Brunei hingga pemerintahan Syarikat Borneo Utara Inggeris dari perspektif Eropah dan sejarawan tempatan. Makalah ini menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder.Local and European writers have notes on the political and economic development of indigenous peoples in North Borneo. The Sultanate of Brunei ruled the west coast of North Borneo assisted by a group of Brunei dignitaries known as Wazir. European writers also explain how Brunei dignitaries helped the sultanate in operating the administrative system in North Borneo. They play a role in ensuring the affairs of the natives of North Borneo. However, after SBUB colonized North Borneo in 1881, the colonial administration changed the pattern of government into a commercial economic exploitation. Thus, SBUB took overthe colony of the Sultanate of Brunei until it sparked an uprising among the natives. The objective of this paper is to discuss the political and economic developments as well as the reactions of indigenous peoples on the west coast of North Borneo during the reign of the Sultanate of Brunei to the rule of the British North Borneo Company from the perspective of European and local historians. This paper uses primary and secondary sources.
{"title":"PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT PERIBUMI PANTAI BARAT BORNEO UTARA DALAM CATATAN SEJARAH TERPILIH","authors":"Yusry Sulaiman, Bilcher Bala","doi":"10.51200/jba.v5i1.2844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v5i1.2844","url":null,"abstract":"Penulis tempatan dan Eropah mempunyai catatan berkenaan perkembangan politik dan ekonomi masyarakat peribumi di Borneo Utara. Kesultanan Brunei memerintah pantai barat Borneo Utara dibantu oleh golongan pembesar Brunei yang dikenali sebagai wazir. Penulis Eropah juga menjelaskan bagaimana pembesar Brunei membantu kesultanan mengendalikan sistem pentadbiran di Borneo Utara. Mereka ini berperanan dalam memastikan urusan orang asli Borneo Utara. Namun, setelah SBUB menjajah Borneo Utara pada tahun 1881, pentadbiran kolonial mengubah corak pemerintahan menjadi eksploitasi ekonomi komersial.Justeru, SBUB mengambil alih jajahan Kesultanan Brunei sehingga mencetuskan pemberontakan dalam kalangan masyarakat peribumi. Objektif penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk membincangkan perkembangan politik dan ekonomi serta reaksi masyarakat peribumi di pantai barat Borneo Utara semasa pemerintahan Kesultanan Brunei hingga pemerintahan Syarikat Borneo Utara Inggeris dari perspektif Eropah dan sejarawan tempatan. Makalah ini menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder.Local and European writers have notes on the political and economic development of indigenous peoples in North Borneo. The Sultanate of Brunei ruled the west coast of North Borneo assisted by a group of Brunei dignitaries known as Wazir. European writers also explain how Brunei dignitaries helped the sultanate in operating the administrative system in North Borneo. They play a role in ensuring the affairs of the natives of North Borneo. However, after SBUB colonized North Borneo in 1881, the colonial administration changed the pattern of government into a commercial economic exploitation. Thus, SBUB took overthe colony of the Sultanate of Brunei until it sparked an uprising among the natives. The objective of this paper is to discuss the political and economic developments as well as the reactions of indigenous peoples on the west coast of North Borneo during the reign of the Sultanate of Brunei to the rule of the British North Borneo Company from the perspective of European and local historians. This paper uses primary and secondary sources.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130750933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ladang Sapong yang terletak di Residensi Pedalaman, Sabah pada awalnya dibuka sebagai kawasan eksperimen ladang tembakau sekitar tahun 1905. Pengurus pertama ladang ini ialah Frank Edward Lease. Sekitar tahun 1916 sehingga 1921, Ladang Sapong menjadi antara ladang terbesar di Borneo Utara. Oleh itu, objektif makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejarah persekitaran kerja para pekerja di Ladang Sapong semasa pentadbiran Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara British (SBBUB) yang sering dikaitkan dengan persoalan bekerja sebagai buruh atau hamba. Sumber primer yang dirujuk sebagai perbincangan ialah dokumen dan surat-menyurat kolonial, akhbar, laporan tahunan pentadbir serta koleksi surat persendirian. Kajian mendapati bahawa buruh Jawa dan Cina yang bekerja di Ladang Sapong sekitar tahun 1910–1938 masih berada dalam keadaan yang daif. Walaupun pelbagai undang-undang buruh diperkenalkan, undang-undang tersebut sering dimanipulasi oleh majikan untukmelakukan berbagai-bagai penindasan terhadap buruh. Sapong Farm located in the Inland Residence; Sabah was originally opened as an experimental area of tobacco plantations around 1905. The first manager of this property was Frank Edward Lease. Around 1916 until 1921, Sapong Estate became one of the largest estates in North Borneo. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze the history of the working environment of workers in Sapong farm during the administration of the British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC) which is often associated with the question of working as a laborer or slave. The primary sources referred to as discussions were colonial documents and correspondence, newspapers, administrators' annual reports as well as the collection of private letters. The study found that Javanese and Chinese workers who worked on the Sapong farm around 1910-1938 were still in poor condition. Although various labor laws were introduced, they were often manipulated by employers to inflict various oppressions on workers.
{"title":"DILEMA ANTARA PERBURUHAN DAN PERHAMBAAN: ANALISIS REALITI DI LADANG SAPONG, BORNEO UTARA (1881-1941)","authors":"Amy Azuan Abdullah","doi":"10.51200/jba.v5i1.2847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v5i1.2847","url":null,"abstract":"Ladang Sapong yang terletak di Residensi Pedalaman, Sabah pada awalnya dibuka sebagai kawasan eksperimen ladang tembakau sekitar tahun 1905. Pengurus pertama ladang ini ialah Frank Edward Lease. Sekitar tahun 1916 sehingga 1921, Ladang Sapong menjadi antara ladang terbesar di Borneo Utara. Oleh itu, objektif makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejarah persekitaran kerja para pekerja di Ladang Sapong semasa pentadbiran Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara British (SBBUB) yang sering dikaitkan dengan persoalan bekerja sebagai buruh atau hamba. Sumber primer yang dirujuk sebagai perbincangan ialah dokumen dan surat-menyurat kolonial, akhbar, laporan tahunan pentadbir serta koleksi surat persendirian. Kajian mendapati bahawa buruh Jawa dan Cina yang bekerja di Ladang Sapong sekitar tahun 1910–1938 masih berada dalam keadaan yang daif. Walaupun pelbagai undang-undang buruh diperkenalkan, undang-undang tersebut sering dimanipulasi oleh majikan untukmelakukan berbagai-bagai penindasan terhadap buruh. \u0000Sapong Farm located in the Inland Residence; Sabah was originally opened as an experimental area of tobacco plantations around 1905. The first manager of this property was Frank Edward Lease. Around 1916 until 1921, Sapong Estate became one of the largest estates in North Borneo. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze the history of the working environment of workers in Sapong farm during the administration of the British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC) which is often associated with the question of working as a laborer or slave. The primary sources referred to as discussions were colonial documents and correspondence, newspapers, administrators' annual reports as well as the collection of private letters. The study found that Javanese and Chinese workers who worked on the Sapong farm around 1910-1938 were still in poor condition. Although various labor laws were introduced, they were often manipulated by employers to inflict various oppressions on workers.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116796914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kajian ini mengupas tentang sejarah penyelidikan arkeologi dan penginventorian data arkeologi di Sabah dari tahun 1952 sehingga 1972. Penelitian sejarah penyelidikan arkeologi akan diteliti berdasarkan tiga fasa utama. Pembahagian fasa ini adalah selaras dengan objektif, metodologi dan pihak yang melaksanakan penyelidikan arkeologi. Manakala dari segi inventori data arkeologi, pembahagian data dibuat berdasarkan dua tahap penting iaitu tahap kebudayaan dan tahap kelengkapan data arkeologi. Kaedah pengumpulan data arkeologi dilakukan menerusi kajian perpustakaan, temu bual dan kerja lapangan di tapak arkeologi. Kaedah analisis data arkeologi pula adalah dengan membuat analisis pebandingan dan analisis kandungan ke atas kesemua sumber yang telah diperolehi. Hasil kajian ini diharap dapat mengetengahkan sebuat system inventori data arkeologi di negeri Sabah dan membantu Jabatan Muzium Sabah dalam menyediakan sebuah inventori atau pangkalan data khusus untuk menilai dan melindungi tapak arkeologi. This study examines the history of archaeological research and archaeological data in Sabah from 1952 to 1972. The historical research of archaeological research will be examined based on three main phases. The subdivision of this phase is in line with the objectives, methodologies and practices of archaeological research. In terms of archaeological data, the distribution of data is based on two important stages, the cultural level and the level of archaeological data. Methods of collecting archaeological data were conducted through library studies, interviews, and fieldwork at archaeological sites. The method of archaeological data analysis is to make a comparative analysis and content analysis of all available sources. The results of this study are expected to highlight an archaeological data inventory system in Sabah and assist the Sabah Museum Department in providing a specialized inventory or database for assessing and preserving archaeological sites.
{"title":"Sejarah Penyelidikan dan Inventori Data Arkeologi Sabah","authors":"Zainuddin Baco, Nelly Majinus","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.2007","url":null,"abstract":"Kajian ini mengupas tentang sejarah penyelidikan arkeologi dan penginventorian data arkeologi di Sabah dari tahun 1952 sehingga 1972. Penelitian sejarah penyelidikan arkeologi akan diteliti berdasarkan tiga fasa utama. Pembahagian fasa ini adalah selaras dengan objektif, metodologi dan pihak yang melaksanakan penyelidikan arkeologi. Manakala dari segi inventori data arkeologi, pembahagian data dibuat berdasarkan dua tahap penting iaitu tahap kebudayaan dan tahap kelengkapan data arkeologi. Kaedah pengumpulan data arkeologi dilakukan menerusi kajian perpustakaan, temu bual dan kerja lapangan di tapak arkeologi. Kaedah analisis data arkeologi pula adalah dengan membuat analisis pebandingan dan analisis kandungan ke atas kesemua sumber yang telah diperolehi. Hasil kajian ini diharap dapat mengetengahkan sebuat system inventori data arkeologi di negeri Sabah dan membantu Jabatan Muzium Sabah dalam menyediakan sebuah inventori atau pangkalan data khusus untuk menilai dan melindungi tapak arkeologi. \u0000This study examines the history of archaeological research and archaeological data in Sabah from 1952 to 1972. The historical research of archaeological research will be examined based on three main phases. The subdivision of this phase is in line with the objectives, methodologies and practices of archaeological research. In terms of archaeological data, the distribution of data is based on two important stages, the cultural level and the level of archaeological data. Methods of collecting archaeological data were conducted through library studies, interviews, and fieldwork at archaeological sites. The method of archaeological data analysis is to make a comparative analysis and content analysis of all available sources. The results of this study are expected to highlight an archaeological data inventory system in Sabah and assist the Sabah Museum Department in providing a specialized inventory or database for assessing and preserving archaeological sites. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sejarah penubuhan Persekutuan Malaysia sememangnya mempunyai hubungan simbiotik dengan kemerdekaan dua buah negeri di Borneo, iaitu Sabah dan Sarawak. Ini kerana perisytiharan Persekutuan Malaysia pada tanggal 16 Haribulan September tahun 1963 tidak akan dapat direalisasikan tanpa penyertaan kedua-dua buah negeri tersebut berserta Singapura. Namun begitu, dari segi perundangan, PerlembagaanPersekutuan Malaysia yang telah mula berkuatkuasa pada tarikh tersebut sebenarnya merupakan pindaan kepada Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu tahun 1957, bukannya satu perlembagaan baharu. Ini bermakna Persekutuan Malaysia bukanlah satu entiti baru tapi sebenarnya merupakan penambahan keluasan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu melalui percantuman Sabah dan Sarawak kepadanya. Status quo ini yang didasarkan kepada kerangka perundangan seperti yang termaktub dalam perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia telah juga diperakukan keabsahannya di bawah perundangan antarabangsa apabila ia diiktiraf oleh PBB. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kerangka perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia yang diaplikasikan kepada proses dekolonialisasi yang membawa kepada kemerdekaan Sabah dan Sarawak pada tahun 1963. Perbincangan ini akan merujuk kepada provisi yang terkandung dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan dokumen lain yang berkaitan dengannya. The history of the foundation of the Federation of Malaysia had symbiotic relations with the independence of two Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak. This is because the proclamation of the Federation of Malaysiaon 16th of September 1963 would not have been realized without the participation of those two states together with Singapore. Nevertheless, the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia which went into effect on thatday was actually the amendment of the Federation of Malaya of 1957, not a new constitution. This means that the Federation of Malaysia is not a new entity but actually the enlargement of the Federation of Malayathrough the incorporation of Sabah and Sarawak into the federation. This legal framework is also recognised under international law, as its legality is sanction by the United Nations. Hence, this article discusses the legalframework of the foundation of Malaysia that has been applied to the process of decolonisation, which led to the independence of Sabah and Sarawak in 1963. The discussion on the the subject is based on the provisions stipulated in the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 and other related documents.
{"title":"Perjanjian Malaysia 1963: Kerangka Perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia dan Proses Dekolonialisasi Sabah dan Sarawak","authors":"A. Abdullah, Bilcher Bala, Pandikar Amin Mulia","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1974","url":null,"abstract":"Sejarah penubuhan Persekutuan Malaysia sememangnya mempunyai hubungan simbiotik dengan kemerdekaan dua buah negeri di Borneo, iaitu Sabah dan Sarawak. Ini kerana perisytiharan Persekutuan Malaysia pada tanggal 16 Haribulan September tahun 1963 tidak akan dapat direalisasikan tanpa penyertaan kedua-dua buah negeri tersebut berserta Singapura. Namun begitu, dari segi perundangan, PerlembagaanPersekutuan Malaysia yang telah mula berkuatkuasa pada tarikh tersebut sebenarnya merupakan pindaan kepada Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu tahun 1957, bukannya satu perlembagaan baharu. Ini bermakna Persekutuan Malaysia bukanlah satu entiti baru tapi sebenarnya merupakan penambahan keluasan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu melalui percantuman Sabah dan Sarawak kepadanya. Status quo ini yang didasarkan kepada kerangka perundangan seperti yang termaktub dalam perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia telah juga diperakukan keabsahannya di bawah perundangan antarabangsa apabila ia diiktiraf oleh PBB. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kerangka perundangan dalam Gagasan Malaysia yang diaplikasikan kepada proses dekolonialisasi yang membawa kepada kemerdekaan Sabah dan Sarawak pada tahun 1963. Perbincangan ini akan merujuk kepada provisi yang terkandung dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan dokumen lain yang berkaitan dengannya. \u0000The history of the foundation of the Federation of Malaysia had symbiotic relations with the independence of two Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak. This is because the proclamation of the Federation of Malaysiaon 16th of September 1963 would not have been realized without the participation of those two states together with Singapore. Nevertheless, the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia which went into effect on thatday was actually the amendment of the Federation of Malaya of 1957, not a new constitution. This means that the Federation of Malaysia is not a new entity but actually the enlargement of the Federation of Malayathrough the incorporation of Sabah and Sarawak into the federation. This legal framework is also recognised under international law, as its legality is sanction by the United Nations. Hence, this article discusses the legalframework of the foundation of Malaysia that has been applied to the process of decolonisation, which led to the independence of Sabah and Sarawak in 1963. The discussion on the the subject is based on the provisions stipulated in the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 and other related documents.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126314628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keselamatan tradisional yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh sarjana fahaman realisme dalam konteks Hubungan Antarabangsa. Kajian keselamatan amat menitikberatkan keselamatan negara daripada sesuatu ancaman ketenteraan daripada negara luar. Berakhirnya perang dingin telah mengubah landskap kajian keselamatan dan lahirnya konsep baharu berkenaan keselamatan yang lebih menyeluruh termasuk keselamatan Insan. Insna merupakan objek yang terdedah kepada pelbagai ancaman seperti penyeludupan manusia, penganiayan, jenayah gangguan peribadi, penyakit berjangkit, kebuluran, kemiskinan dan gangguan sosial. Wujud fenomena baharu migrasi kanak-kanak asing ke negara lain. Kajian ini bertujuan Kajian ini mempunyai tiga objektif, iaitu; pertama, melihat faktor kewujudan kanak-kanak warga asing di Tawau. Kedua, usaha kerajaan dan badan bukan kerajaan dalam menyediakan kemudahan pendidikan. Ketiga, ancaman keselamatan insan yang dihadapi oleh kanak-kanak asing di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual di di kawasan ladang dan agensi. Juga mengguna kaedah pemerhatian di kawasan kajian. Kajian mendapati ibu bapa adalah penyumbang utama kepada kewujudan kanak-kanak asing di Sabah kerana dibawa bersama dalam migrasi dan juga yang dilahirkan di Sabah. Kanak-kanak asing perlu mendapatkan hak pendidikan bagi mengelakkan mereka tertinggal dengan arus pembangunan yang semakin pesat di Sabah. Traditional security is heavily influenced by scholars of realism in the context of International Relations. Security studies emphasize national security against any military threat from foreign countries. The onset of the cold war has changed the landscape of security studies and the birth of new concepts of universal security including human security. A human being is an object exposed to various threats such as human smuggling, persecution, crime of personal harassment, infectious disease, famine, poverty and social disorder. There is a new phenomenon of migration of foreign children to other countries. This study has three objectives, namely; First, examining the factors of the presence of foreign children in Tawau. Second, the efforts of the government and non-governmental organizations in providing educational facilities. Third, the threat to human security faced by foreign children in Sabah. This study used the interview method in the fields and with agencies. Also, use observation method in the study area. Studies have found that parents are a major contributor to the existence of foreign children in Sabah as they are brought together in migration as well as those born in Sabah. Foreign children need to gain educational rights to prevent them from being left behind in the fast-growing development of Sabah.
{"title":"Keselamatan Insan dan Akses Pendidikan Kanak-kanak Warga Indonesia di Sabah","authors":"Amir Shah Noor Ahmad","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1982","url":null,"abstract":"Keselamatan tradisional yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh sarjana fahaman realisme dalam konteks Hubungan Antarabangsa. Kajian keselamatan amat menitikberatkan keselamatan negara daripada sesuatu ancaman ketenteraan daripada negara luar. Berakhirnya perang dingin telah mengubah landskap kajian keselamatan dan lahirnya konsep baharu berkenaan keselamatan yang lebih menyeluruh termasuk keselamatan Insan. Insna merupakan objek yang terdedah kepada pelbagai ancaman seperti penyeludupan manusia, penganiayan, jenayah gangguan peribadi, penyakit berjangkit, kebuluran, kemiskinan dan gangguan sosial. Wujud fenomena baharu migrasi kanak-kanak asing ke negara lain. Kajian ini bertujuan Kajian ini mempunyai tiga objektif, iaitu; pertama, melihat faktor kewujudan kanak-kanak warga asing di Tawau. Kedua, usaha kerajaan dan badan bukan kerajaan dalam menyediakan kemudahan pendidikan. Ketiga, ancaman keselamatan insan yang dihadapi oleh kanak-kanak asing di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual di di kawasan ladang dan agensi. Juga mengguna kaedah pemerhatian di kawasan kajian. Kajian mendapati ibu bapa adalah penyumbang utama kepada kewujudan kanak-kanak asing di Sabah kerana dibawa bersama dalam migrasi dan juga yang dilahirkan di Sabah. Kanak-kanak asing perlu mendapatkan hak pendidikan bagi mengelakkan mereka tertinggal dengan arus pembangunan yang semakin pesat di Sabah. \u0000 \u0000Traditional security is heavily influenced by scholars of realism in the context of International Relations. Security studies emphasize national security against any military threat from foreign countries. The onset of the cold war has changed the landscape of security studies and the birth of new concepts of universal security including human security. A human being is an object exposed to various threats such as human smuggling, persecution, crime of personal harassment, infectious disease, famine, poverty and social disorder. There is a new phenomenon of migration of foreign children to other countries. This study has three objectives, namely; First, examining the factors of the presence of foreign children in Tawau. Second, the efforts of the government and non-governmental organizations in providing educational facilities. Third, the threat to human security faced by foreign children in Sabah. This study used the interview method in the fields and with agencies. Also, use observation method in the study area. Studies have found that parents are a major contributor to the existence of foreign children in Sabah as they are brought together in migration as well as those born in Sabah. Foreign children need to gain educational rights to prevent them from being left behind in the fast-growing development of Sabah. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pegangan hidup berbudaya menyebabkan manusia mempercayai akan wujudnya alam lain selepas kehidupan. Bagi masyarakat Iban di Sarawak mereka percaya akan alam kematian selepas kehidupan yang disebut sebagai alam sebayan. Dalam sebayan, diceritakan secara turun-temurun oleh generasi Iban, dan mereka perlu mengikuti adat dan pantang larang yang telah ditetapkan oleh pencipta yang dipanggil sebagai petara. Tukang sabak memainkan peranan penting bagi menghantar roh si mati ke tempat yang sepatutnya dengan lancar. Kajian ini akan memfokuskan peranan Tukang sabak serta artifak yang digunakan semasa upacara. The life-long cultures make people to believe in the existence of other after life. For the Iban community in Sarawak they believe in the nature of death after the so-called after life of nature. The universe was told for generations by the Iban older generation, and they had to follow the custom and taboo set by the creator called the petara. Tukang sabak plays an important role in sending the dead soul to the suitable place where it is supposed to be. This study will focus on the role of the Tukang sabak and the artifacts used during the Nyabak ceremony.
{"title":"Ritual Adat Kematian dalam Masyarakat Iban di Sarawak: Artifak Iringan Tukang Sabak","authors":"Gregory Kiyai","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1843","url":null,"abstract":"Pegangan hidup berbudaya menyebabkan manusia mempercayai akan wujudnya alam lain selepas kehidupan. Bagi masyarakat Iban di Sarawak mereka percaya akan alam kematian selepas kehidupan yang disebut sebagai alam sebayan. Dalam sebayan, diceritakan secara turun-temurun oleh generasi Iban, dan mereka perlu mengikuti adat dan pantang larang yang telah ditetapkan oleh pencipta yang dipanggil sebagai petara. Tukang sabak memainkan peranan penting bagi menghantar roh si mati ke tempat yang sepatutnya dengan lancar. Kajian ini akan memfokuskan peranan Tukang sabak serta artifak yang digunakan semasa upacara. \u0000The life-long cultures make people to believe in the existence of other after life. For the Iban community in Sarawak they believe in the nature of death after the so-called after life of nature. The universe was told for generations by the Iban older generation, and they had to follow the custom and taboo set by the creator called the petara. Tukang sabak plays an important role in sending the dead soul to the suitable place where it is supposed to be. This study will focus on the role of the Tukang sabak and the artifacts used during the Nyabak ceremony.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang sejarah sosial komuniti Eropah di Borneo Utara semasa era pentadbiran Syarikat Borneo Utara British (SBUB) dari tahun 1881 hingga 1941. Kehadiran komuniti Eropah diBorneo Utara banyak dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan pentadbiran dan ekonomi, iaitu golongan pentadbir dan juga pelabur dalam industri perlombongan, pembalakan dan perladangan. Keadaan Borneo Utarayang jauh dan masih kurang maju menyebabkan kehidupan di Borneo Utara sebagai suatu yang amat mencabar bagi komuniti Eropah. Justeru, mereka telah berusaha untuk mewujudkan suasana yang selesa dengan menganjurkan pelbagai aktiviti sosial dalam bentuk sukan, hiburan, rekreasi dan persatuan sebagai mekanisme untuk berhadapan dengan kehidupan seharian di Borneo Utara. Berpandukan kepada sumberprimer berbentuk dokumen, akhbar dan sumber sekunder, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan bentuk aktiviti sosial yang dilakukan oleh komuniti Eropah dalam tempoh pentadbiran SBUB. Juga menilai sejauh mana aktiviti sosial yang dilaksanakan ini sekadar berperanan untuk berinteraksi, mengisi masa lapang dan hiburan semata-mata atau mempunyai motif lain. This paper discusses the social history of the European community in North Borneo during the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) era from 1881 to 1941. The presence of the European community in North Borneo was greatly influenced by the administrative and economic development of the administration and investors in the industry such as mining, logging and plantation. Northern Borneo's far from the other British’s administration has made life in Northern Borneo a very challenging one for the European community. Thus, they have sought to create a cozy atmosphere by organizing various social activities in the form of sports, entertainment, recreation and association as a mechanism to deal with everyday life in North Borneo. Based on primary sources of documents, newspapers and secondary sources, this study aims to identify the forms of social activity undertaken by the European community during the SBUB administration. It also assesses the extent to which these social activities are carried out merely as a means of interacting, filling leisure time and entertainment or having other motives.
{"title":"Sejarah Sosial Komuniti Eropah di Borneo Utara (1881-1941)","authors":"Siti Noor Soffera Zainuddin, Maureen De Silva","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1964","url":null,"abstract":"Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang sejarah sosial komuniti Eropah di Borneo Utara semasa era pentadbiran Syarikat Borneo Utara British (SBUB) dari tahun 1881 hingga 1941. Kehadiran komuniti Eropah diBorneo Utara banyak dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan pentadbiran dan ekonomi, iaitu golongan pentadbir dan juga pelabur dalam industri perlombongan, pembalakan dan perladangan. Keadaan Borneo Utarayang jauh dan masih kurang maju menyebabkan kehidupan di Borneo Utara sebagai suatu yang amat mencabar bagi komuniti Eropah. Justeru, mereka telah berusaha untuk mewujudkan suasana yang selesa dengan menganjurkan pelbagai aktiviti sosial dalam bentuk sukan, hiburan, rekreasi dan persatuan sebagai mekanisme untuk berhadapan dengan kehidupan seharian di Borneo Utara. Berpandukan kepada sumberprimer berbentuk dokumen, akhbar dan sumber sekunder, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan bentuk aktiviti sosial yang dilakukan oleh komuniti Eropah dalam tempoh pentadbiran SBUB. Juga menilai sejauh mana aktiviti sosial yang dilaksanakan ini sekadar berperanan untuk berinteraksi, mengisi masa lapang dan hiburan semata-mata atau mempunyai motif lain. \u0000 \u0000This paper discusses the social history of the European community in North Borneo during the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) era from 1881 to 1941. The presence of the European community in North Borneo was greatly influenced by the administrative and economic development of the administration and investors in the industry such as mining, logging and plantation. Northern Borneo's far from the other British’s administration has made life in Northern Borneo a very challenging one for the European community. Thus, they have sought to create a cozy atmosphere by organizing various social activities in the form of sports, entertainment, recreation and association as a mechanism to deal with everyday life in North Borneo. Based on primary sources of documents, newspapers and secondary sources, this study aims to identify the forms of social activity undertaken by the European community during the SBUB administration. It also assesses the extent to which these social activities are carried out merely as a means of interacting, filling leisure time and entertainment or having other motives.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121268587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Populasi di negeri Sabah telah mengalami peningkatan sejak pasca merdeka sehingga tahun 2000-an. Situasi ini mendapat perhatian daripada pelbagai pihak sehingga timbul desakan untuk membuat siasatan terhadap permasalahan tersebut. Kesannya, Royal Commision of Inquiry (RCI) dibentuk bagi menyiasat sebab berlakunya pertambahan mendadak penduduk di Sabah. Justeru kertas kerja ini akan menganalisisaspek demografi dan non-demografi bagi mengenal pasti sebab berlakunya pertambahan populasi penduduk selain kesan setelah berlakunya lebihan populasi di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan disiplin ilmu-ilmu sains sosial lain seperti sosiologi, antropologi, sains politik dan ekonomi digunakan sebagai ilmu bantu. Berdasarkan analisis yang digunakan, kajian ini mendapati berlaku lebihan populasi penduduk yang ketara di Sabah sekitar 1970-an akibat daripada faktor migrasipenduduk. Lebihan populasi yang berlaku menyebabkan pelbagai kesan sosial seperti kemiskinan dan jenayah yang meningkat di Sabah. The population in Sabah has increased since post-independence until the 2000s. The situation is getting attention from various parties so it is urged to investigate the problem. As a result, the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) was formed to investigate the reason for the sudden increase in population in Sabah. Hence, this paper will analyze the demographic and non-demographic aspects to identify the reason for the increase in population populations apart from the effects of excessive populations in Sabah. This study uses qualitative approaches by using disciplines approaches to other social sciences such as sociology, anthropology,political science and economics as auxiliary sciences. Based on the analysis used, this study found that there was a significant population surplus in Sabah around the 1970s as a result of population migration factors.Population surplus prevails causes various social impacts such as poverty and rising crime in Sabah.
{"title":"Sejarah Populasi Sabah: Impak Terhadap Sosioekonomi, 1960-an Hingga 2000-an","authors":"Sitti Rima Najir","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1844","url":null,"abstract":"Populasi di negeri Sabah telah mengalami peningkatan sejak pasca merdeka sehingga tahun 2000-an. Situasi ini mendapat perhatian daripada pelbagai pihak sehingga timbul desakan untuk membuat siasatan terhadap permasalahan tersebut. Kesannya, Royal Commision of Inquiry (RCI) dibentuk bagi menyiasat sebab berlakunya pertambahan mendadak penduduk di Sabah. Justeru kertas kerja ini akan menganalisisaspek demografi dan non-demografi bagi mengenal pasti sebab berlakunya pertambahan populasi penduduk selain kesan setelah berlakunya lebihan populasi di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan disiplin ilmu-ilmu sains sosial lain seperti sosiologi, antropologi, sains politik dan ekonomi digunakan sebagai ilmu bantu. Berdasarkan analisis yang digunakan, kajian ini mendapati berlaku lebihan populasi penduduk yang ketara di Sabah sekitar 1970-an akibat daripada faktor migrasipenduduk. Lebihan populasi yang berlaku menyebabkan pelbagai kesan sosial seperti kemiskinan dan jenayah yang meningkat di Sabah. \u0000 \u0000The population in Sabah has increased since post-independence until the 2000s. The situation is getting attention from various parties so it is urged to investigate the problem. As a result, the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) was formed to investigate the reason for the sudden increase in population in Sabah. Hence, this paper will analyze the demographic and non-demographic aspects to identify the reason for the increase in population populations apart from the effects of excessive populations in Sabah. This study uses qualitative approaches by using disciplines approaches to other social sciences such as sociology, anthropology,political science and economics as auxiliary sciences. Based on the analysis used, this study found that there was a significant population surplus in Sabah around the 1970s as a result of population migration factors.Population surplus prevails causes various social impacts such as poverty and rising crime in Sabah.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122227296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Juhar Harun, A. Govindasamy, Jane Wong Kon Ling, Arulselvan Raju, Kavitha Ganesan
Penulisan ini meneliti tentang amalan perkahwinan campur antara masyarakat India dengan masyarakat etnik tempatan semasa di bawah pentadbiran Syarikat Borneo Utara British (SBUB). Berpandukan kaedah sejarah, kajian ini cuba melihat sejarah proses migrasi masyarakat India yang berlaku secara berperingkat dan sistematik yang berlaku di bawah SBUB. Perkembangan migrasi masyarakat India ke Sabah membawakepada fenomena amalgamasi sosial. Wujud entiti perkahwinan campur hasil daripada proses asimilasi antara kumpulan etnik majoriti dengan kumpulan etnik imigran di negeri Sabah. Makalah membincangkan tigaaspek, iaitu perkembangan migrasi awal masyarakat India ke Sabah, faktor penggalak kepada amalan perkahwinan campur India-etnik tempatan Sabah, dan kesan perkahwinan campur terhadap identiti antara India dan etnik tempatan. Pemahaman kepada perkembangan migrasi masyarakat India ini adalah penting untuk memahami fenomena amalgamasi sosial masyarakat India di Sabah. This article examines the practice of marriage between the Indian community and the local ethnic community under the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) administration. Based on historical methods, this study looks at the history of the process of migration of the Indian community in stages and systematically occurring under BNBC. The development of the Indian community migration to Sabah led to the phenomenon of socialamalgamation. The existence of marriage entities is a result of the assimilation process between the majority ethnic group and ethnic groups of immigrants in Sabah. The paper discusses three aspects, namely the early migration of the Indian community to Sabah, the promotion factor to the practice of interracial marriage of Indian-ethnic Sabah, and the impact of marriage on the identity of India and local ethnics. Understanding thedevelopment of the Indian community is important to understand the phenomenon of social amalgamation of the Indian community in Sabah.
{"title":"Migrasi Masyarakat India ke Sabah Membawa kepada Fenomena Amalgamasi Sosial Setempat","authors":"Mohd Juhar Harun, A. Govindasamy, Jane Wong Kon Ling, Arulselvan Raju, Kavitha Ganesan","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1791","url":null,"abstract":"Penulisan ini meneliti tentang amalan perkahwinan campur antara masyarakat India dengan masyarakat etnik tempatan semasa di bawah pentadbiran Syarikat Borneo Utara British (SBUB). Berpandukan kaedah sejarah, kajian ini cuba melihat sejarah proses migrasi masyarakat India yang berlaku secara berperingkat dan sistematik yang berlaku di bawah SBUB. Perkembangan migrasi masyarakat India ke Sabah membawakepada fenomena amalgamasi sosial. Wujud entiti perkahwinan campur hasil daripada proses asimilasi antara kumpulan etnik majoriti dengan kumpulan etnik imigran di negeri Sabah. Makalah membincangkan tigaaspek, iaitu perkembangan migrasi awal masyarakat India ke Sabah, faktor penggalak kepada amalan perkahwinan campur India-etnik tempatan Sabah, dan kesan perkahwinan campur terhadap identiti antara India dan etnik tempatan. Pemahaman kepada perkembangan migrasi masyarakat India ini adalah penting untuk memahami fenomena amalgamasi sosial masyarakat India di Sabah. \u0000 \u0000This article examines the practice of marriage between the Indian community and the local ethnic community under the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) administration. Based on historical methods, this study looks at the history of the process of migration of the Indian community in stages and systematically occurring under BNBC. The development of the Indian community migration to Sabah led to the phenomenon of socialamalgamation. The existence of marriage entities is a result of the assimilation process between the majority ethnic group and ethnic groups of immigrants in Sabah. The paper discusses three aspects, namely the early migration of the Indian community to Sabah, the promotion factor to the practice of interracial marriage of Indian-ethnic Sabah, and the impact of marriage on the identity of India and local ethnics. Understanding thedevelopment of the Indian community is important to understand the phenomenon of social amalgamation of the Indian community in Sabah.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"365 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120981399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 telah banyak merubah nasib dan masa depan negeri Sabah dan Sarawak khasnya. Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 menetapkan perlindungan bagi melindungi hak dan keistimewaan rakyat di negeri Sarawak melalui siri Laporan IGC yang dijadikan asas kepada Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Autonomi pendidikan adalah salah satu daripada hak yang diberikan kepada Sarawak bagi melindungi sistem pendidikan menerusi Ordinan Pelajaran Sarawak sejak dari zaman colonial dan juga bahasa rasmi di Sarawak iaitu bahasa Inggeris. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa siri pindaan akta yang melibatkan kepentingan kanak-kanak dalam usaha memberikan pendidikan yang berkualiti menyebabkan ramai yang melihat bahawa perkara inilah yang membuatkan autonomi pendidikan di dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 adalah tidak relevan untuk diperdebatkan dan diperjuangkan. Hasil dapatan perbincangan makalah bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahawa kebersamaan Sarawak di dalam Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 telah banyak memberi manfaat kepada sistem pendidikan yang digunapakai oleh Sarawak selari dengan negeri lain di Malaysia selaras dengan bidang pendidikan adalah bidang yang diletakkan di bawah bidang kuasa kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia. The Malaysia Agreement 1963 has greatly changed the fate and future of Sabah and Sarawak. The establishment of Malaysia 1963 sets out the protection to protect the rights and privileges of the people in Sarawak through a series of Inter-Governmental Committee (IGC) Reports which form the basis of the 1963 Malaysia Agreement and the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. Educational autonomy is one of the rights givento Sarawak to protect the education system through the Sarawak Education Ordinance since colonial times as well as official languages in Sarawak, namely English. However, a series of amendments to the Act involving the interests of children in the effort of providing quality education led many to see that this is what makes the education autonomy in the 1963 Malaysia Agreement irrelevant to be debated and championed. The findings of the paper discussion aim to prove that Sarawak's association in the Establishment of Malaysia 1963 has greatly benefited the Sarawak-based education system in line with other states in Malaysia in line with the education sector is a field setting under the jurisdiction of the federal government of Malaysia.
{"title":"Perjanjian Malaysia 1963: Penelusuran Cabaran dan Kesan Terhadap Sistem Pendidikan di Sarawak (1963 – 1973)","authors":"Suzanne Atar","doi":"10.51200/jba.v4i1.1832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v4i1.1832","url":null,"abstract":"Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 telah banyak merubah nasib dan masa depan negeri Sabah dan Sarawak khasnya. Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 menetapkan perlindungan bagi melindungi hak dan keistimewaan rakyat di negeri Sarawak melalui siri Laporan IGC yang dijadikan asas kepada Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Autonomi pendidikan adalah salah satu daripada hak yang diberikan kepada Sarawak bagi melindungi sistem pendidikan menerusi Ordinan Pelajaran Sarawak sejak dari zaman colonial dan juga bahasa rasmi di Sarawak iaitu bahasa Inggeris. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa siri pindaan akta yang melibatkan kepentingan kanak-kanak dalam usaha memberikan pendidikan yang berkualiti menyebabkan ramai yang melihat bahawa perkara inilah yang membuatkan autonomi pendidikan di dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 adalah tidak relevan untuk diperdebatkan dan diperjuangkan. Hasil dapatan perbincangan makalah bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahawa kebersamaan Sarawak di dalam Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 telah banyak memberi manfaat kepada sistem pendidikan yang digunapakai oleh Sarawak selari dengan negeri lain di Malaysia selaras dengan bidang pendidikan adalah bidang yang diletakkan di bawah bidang kuasa kerajaan persekutuan Malaysia. \u0000 \u0000The Malaysia Agreement 1963 has greatly changed the fate and future of Sabah and Sarawak. The establishment of Malaysia 1963 sets out the protection to protect the rights and privileges of the people in Sarawak through a series of Inter-Governmental Committee (IGC) Reports which form the basis of the 1963 Malaysia Agreement and the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. Educational autonomy is one of the rights givento Sarawak to protect the education system through the Sarawak Education Ordinance since colonial times as well as official languages in Sarawak, namely English. However, a series of amendments to the Act involving the interests of children in the effort of providing quality education led many to see that this is what makes the education autonomy in the 1963 Malaysia Agreement irrelevant to be debated and championed. The findings of the paper discussion aim to prove that Sarawak's association in the Establishment of Malaysia 1963 has greatly benefited the Sarawak-based education system in line with other states in Malaysia in line with the education sector is a field setting under the jurisdiction of the federal government of Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":223392,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia (Heritage, Archaeology and History)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126916796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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