Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183592
B. Adams
It is pointed out that the United States leadership in the aerospace industry is being threatened by mounting global competition. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Langley Research Center must deal with complex issues regarding technology transfer with increasing frequency as foreign governments, venture partners, subcontractors, and suppliers force US firms to involve them in ways that require new and sophisticated technology in exchange for sharing development risk and providing a market for the product. Further career development for NASA Langley engineers being contemplated to maximize the US benefit of technology flow includes increased emphasis on technology assessment during participation in foreign travel and international conferences, enhancement of skills in foreign technology monitoring, and increased support for early career exposure to the broader industry/world view through formal training and domestic international assignments.<>
{"title":"A study of the impact of the growing international dimensions of technology on career development at a National Aerospace Laboratory","authors":"B. Adams","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183592","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that the United States leadership in the aerospace industry is being threatened by mounting global competition. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Langley Research Center must deal with complex issues regarding technology transfer with increasing frequency as foreign governments, venture partners, subcontractors, and suppliers force US firms to involve them in ways that require new and sophisticated technology in exchange for sharing development risk and providing a market for the product. Further career development for NASA Langley engineers being contemplated to maximize the US benefit of technology flow includes increased emphasis on technology assessment during participation in foreign travel and international conferences, enhancement of skills in foreign technology monitoring, and increased support for early career exposure to the broader industry/world view through formal training and domestic international assignments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75898557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183714
J. Martino
The author describes the use of the method of maximum entropy for generating a probability distribution for the time lag between demonstration of a device and its market introduction. Historical data are used to generate a probability distribution for the lag times between a specific type of precursor event and a specific type of event to be forecast. The probability distribution can be used to estimate the risks of either planning to commercialize it and possibly allowing a competitor to commercialize it first. Examples from the aerospace and automotive industries are used to illustrate the technique. In particular, attention is given to the lag times between commercialization of several aluminum alloys and the first flight of the first production aircraft to incorporate those alloys.<>
{"title":"Probabilistic technological forecasts using precursor events","authors":"J. Martino","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183714","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes the use of the method of maximum entropy for generating a probability distribution for the time lag between demonstration of a device and its market introduction. Historical data are used to generate a probability distribution for the lag times between a specific type of precursor event and a specific type of event to be forecast. The probability distribution can be used to estimate the risks of either planning to commercialize it and possibly allowing a competitor to commercialize it first. Examples from the aerospace and automotive industries are used to illustrate the technique. In particular, attention is given to the lag times between commercialization of several aluminum alloys and the first flight of the first production aircraft to incorporate those alloys.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75590365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183788
A. Nauda, D. L. Hall
The authors describe a strategic technology planning process aimed at investing in technology as a corporate asset and a competitive weapon. The process systematically defines customer needs, assesses competitive posture, identifies new technologies for future growth, forecasts availability of key technologies, coordinates the need of many different business units, and develops roadmaps for competitive positioning. It also determines a realistic allocation of resources (people, funds, and facilities), and is integrated into the business planning and review cycle. The authors define the key activities of the process, its input requirements, and ways to measure the quality and control the performance of its implementation.<>
{"title":"Strategic technology planning-developing roadmaps for competitive advantage","authors":"A. Nauda, D. L. Hall","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183788","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a strategic technology planning process aimed at investing in technology as a corporate asset and a competitive weapon. The process systematically defines customer needs, assesses competitive posture, identifies new technologies for future growth, forecasts availability of key technologies, coordinates the need of many different business units, and develops roadmaps for competitive positioning. It also determines a realistic allocation of resources (people, funds, and facilities), and is integrated into the business planning and review cycle. The authors define the key activities of the process, its input requirements, and ways to measure the quality and control the performance of its implementation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73025735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183690
H. Dyck, J. Varzandeh, J. McDonnell
The authors first present a rationale for understanding JIT (just-in-time) as an interdependent set of elements which must be properly meshed into a coherent system. They then document the interaction between the JIT-K (JIT with kanban) system and the level of quality by measuring the system characteristics as the level of quality changes. These system characteristics include system output, utilization rates, and in-process inventory at work stations and buffers. In addition, the authors measure the effect of the number of kanbans per stage on the system. The results of this study can provide a strategy for the implementation of JIT allowing for small, but continuing quality improvements over time.<>
{"title":"Quality impacts on JIT performance measures: a factory simulation","authors":"H. Dyck, J. Varzandeh, J. McDonnell","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183690","url":null,"abstract":"The authors first present a rationale for understanding JIT (just-in-time) as an interdependent set of elements which must be properly meshed into a coherent system. They then document the interaction between the JIT-K (JIT with kanban) system and the level of quality by measuring the system characteristics as the level of quality changes. These system characteristics include system output, utilization rates, and in-process inventory at work stations and buffers. In addition, the authors measure the effect of the number of kanbans per stage on the system. The results of this study can provide a strategy for the implementation of JIT allowing for small, but continuing quality improvements over time.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73688378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183711
K. Niwa
Knowledge sharing systems represent a novel category of knowledge-based systems intended to overcome expert systems limitations in their application to ill-structured domains. Knowledge sharing systems provide an effective approach to knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer among people, particularly in multidisciplinary or decentralized-expertise fields. The author proposes knowledge sharing systems applications in such emerging areas as concurrent engineering, intelligent-organizational decision support systems, knowledge-based technology transfer, and new quality control.<>
{"title":"Emerging applications of knowledge sharing systems","authors":"K. Niwa","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183711","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge sharing systems represent a novel category of knowledge-based systems intended to overcome expert systems limitations in their application to ill-structured domains. Knowledge sharing systems provide an effective approach to knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer among people, particularly in multidisciplinary or decentralized-expertise fields. The author proposes knowledge sharing systems applications in such emerging areas as concurrent engineering, intelligent-organizational decision support systems, knowledge-based technology transfer, and new quality control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73757272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183729
C. Shlaes
Summary form only given. The author has considered the importance of patent information, the types of information available, and how a technology manager can use this information to benefit the company. It is noted that patent information can guard against infringement of other companies' patents, and speed up, reduce the cost of, and generally improve the product-development effort. US, and foreign patents are an important source of detailed technical information that can be used for diverse purposes including compiling competitor information, performing state-of-the-art searches, tracking technology, and solving problems without reinventing the wheel. The amount of patent literature that can be searched efficiently and easily is constantly increasing. Several commercial databases offering US and foreign patents have been examined. The Patent Office's Official Gazette is another source of information on patents.<>
{"title":"Patents: untapped sources of technical information","authors":"C. Shlaes","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183729","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The author has considered the importance of patent information, the types of information available, and how a technology manager can use this information to benefit the company. It is noted that patent information can guard against infringement of other companies' patents, and speed up, reduce the cost of, and generally improve the product-development effort. US, and foreign patents are an important source of detailed technical information that can be used for diverse purposes including compiling competitor information, performing state-of-the-art searches, tracking technology, and solving problems without reinventing the wheel. The amount of patent literature that can be searched efficiently and easily is constantly increasing. Several commercial databases offering US and foreign patents have been examined. The Patent Office's Official Gazette is another source of information on patents.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84286822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183559
Y. Watanabe
Presents a new design concept on the computer network. The author definitely distinguish between soft and hard control in the organizations. And ION has the characteristics of the soft control.<>
提出了一种新的计算机网络设计理念。作者明确区分了组织中的软控制和硬控制。并且具有软控制的特点。
{"title":"Design of intra-organizational network (ION)","authors":"Y. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183559","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a new design concept on the computer network. The author definitely distinguish between soft and hard control in the organizations. And ION has the characteristics of the soft control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82149113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183802
A. Kutay, S. Finger
It is noted that most of the life-cycle cost of a product is determined by the decisions made during the preliminary product design stage. As competition causes a reduction in product lead times, an increase in demands for product quality, and an increase in the need for flexibility in product differentiation, the need for better cost estimation tools in the design stage also increases. During preliminary design, the cost implications of design decisions may not be computable with precision, but the information needed to make better informed cost tradeoffs can be made available to the designer. The authors present a methodology to compute the costs of product features for each of the stages in a product's life-cycle. They propose to integrate this methodology with an existing design system in order to give rapid feedback to the designer on the costs attributable to particular design features. They use these costs to provide economic feedback to the designer on the feasibility and economics of manufacture, assembly, testing, marketing, etc.<>
{"title":"Integration of economic information with design and manufacturing systems","authors":"A. Kutay, S. Finger","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183802","url":null,"abstract":"It is noted that most of the life-cycle cost of a product is determined by the decisions made during the preliminary product design stage. As competition causes a reduction in product lead times, an increase in demands for product quality, and an increase in the need for flexibility in product differentiation, the need for better cost estimation tools in the design stage also increases. During preliminary design, the cost implications of design decisions may not be computable with precision, but the information needed to make better informed cost tradeoffs can be made available to the designer. The authors present a methodology to compute the costs of product features for each of the stages in a product's life-cycle. They propose to integrate this methodology with an existing design system in order to give rapid feedback to the designer on the costs attributable to particular design features. They use these costs to provide economic feedback to the designer on the feasibility and economics of manufacture, assembly, testing, marketing, etc.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81560211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183784
J. Singer
The author examines the strategic management planning tools and techniques employed by engineering managers in establishing the future course of their organizations. The process of developing long-run strategic plans is described, and the on-going methods for monitoring and assessing environmental change are reported. While consulting engineering firms frequently report formalized vision and mission statements, survey results demonstrate the relative importance of strategic planning in establishing human resource development and technology management objectives. Key issues and the conceptual levels of analysis employed in performing environmental, market, and competitor analysis are examined and reviewed. The strategic management problems for the next decade are discussed along with the expected challenge for the management of engineering and technology.<>
{"title":"The strategic management process: a survey of consulting engineers","authors":"J. Singer","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183784","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines the strategic management planning tools and techniques employed by engineering managers in establishing the future course of their organizations. The process of developing long-run strategic plans is described, and the on-going methods for monitoring and assessing environmental change are reported. While consulting engineering firms frequently report formalized vision and mission statements, survey results demonstrate the relative importance of strategic planning in establishing human resource development and technology management objectives. Key issues and the conceptual levels of analysis employed in performing environmental, market, and competitor analysis are examined and reviewed. The strategic management problems for the next decade are discussed along with the expected challenge for the management of engineering and technology.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78638758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183828
Xia Bao
Summary form only given, as follows. It is pointed out that China's coastal area has experienced high speed development over the past decade and is playing a leading role in China's economy. However, its outdated industry and product structures are becoming serious problems, and it is urged that they be adjusted. Consequently, appropriate adjustments in technology management and strategy are urgently demanded. Undoubtedly, these adjustments will meet many problems such as management system, funds, market, and competition.<>
{"title":"Impact of economic structure adjustment on technology management and strategy in China's coastal area","authors":"Xia Bao","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183828","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. It is pointed out that China's coastal area has experienced high speed development over the past decade and is playing a leading role in China's economy. However, its outdated industry and product structures are becoming serious problems, and it is urged that they be adjusted. Consequently, appropriate adjustments in technology management and strategy are urgently demanded. Undoubtedly, these adjustments will meet many problems such as management system, funds, market, and competition.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90746040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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