Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183695
L. H. Lynn
Interviews with engineers working for three US-Japanese joint ventures operating in the United States revealed several important differences in the cognitive frameworks used by US and Japanese engineers. The author interprets these differences according to concepts of cultural orientations toward information and time management developed by E.T. Hall and M.R. Hall (1987). He explains how practices and people deemed efficient in one culture may seem inefficient in another. It is noted that a failure to recognize these differences can make it difficult to evaluate people and organizations from another culture and difficult to negotiate the creation of hybrid bicultural organizations.<>
{"title":"Cultural differences and the management of engineering in US-Japanese joint ventures","authors":"L. H. Lynn","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183695","url":null,"abstract":"Interviews with engineers working for three US-Japanese joint ventures operating in the United States revealed several important differences in the cognitive frameworks used by US and Japanese engineers. The author interprets these differences according to concepts of cultural orientations toward information and time management developed by E.T. Hall and M.R. Hall (1987). He explains how practices and people deemed efficient in one culture may seem inefficient in another. It is noted that a failure to recognize these differences can make it difficult to evaluate people and organizations from another culture and difficult to negotiate the creation of hybrid bicultural organizations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"1 1","pages":"474-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88224259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183574
G. Nunez, G. R. Nuñez
The authors consider the case of 22 VDT (video display terminal) operators who claimed disability after developing job-related cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) caused, in part, by the use of equipment lacking proper ergonomic design features. The keyboards used and the equipment layout in the workstations were such that they were likely to induce undue stress to the upper extremities and unnecessary motions to the operators. It is concluded from this study that, in the absence of any other known contributing factors, the repetitive nature of the job of these operators, coupled with the poor ergonomic design of the consoles, was the primary cause of the various CTDs observed in the population studied. The authors present recommendations for designers, employers, and users of VDT workstations for minimizing the risk of CTD in the workplace.<>
{"title":"Cumulative trauma disorders as a result of poor ergonomic workstation design: a case history of VDT operators","authors":"G. Nunez, G. R. Nuñez","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183574","url":null,"abstract":"The authors consider the case of 22 VDT (video display terminal) operators who claimed disability after developing job-related cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) caused, in part, by the use of equipment lacking proper ergonomic design features. The keyboards used and the equipment layout in the workstations were such that they were likely to induce undue stress to the upper extremities and unnecessary motions to the operators. It is concluded from this study that, in the absence of any other known contributing factors, the repetitive nature of the job of these operators, coupled with the poor ergonomic design of the consoles, was the primary cause of the various CTDs observed in the population studied. The authors present recommendations for designers, employers, and users of VDT workstations for minimizing the risk of CTD in the workplace.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"12 1","pages":"108-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88425117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183767
Sungil Juhn, C. Rhee
Summary form only given. The authors examine different types of linkages among industry, universities, and R&D institutes in Korea. An S&T (science and technology) park is but one example of such linkages identifiable by geographical boundaries. A private sector initiative in establishing a S&T park in Pohang, South Korea, is discussed. Although there were problems of status and goal incongruence and lack of shared values in the early year of the linkage, the system seems to be working after three years of trial and error. Some measures such as the establishment of the office of RIST-POSTECH-POSCO cooperation and exchange of personnel in the form of adjunct professors and adjunct researchers were taken to promote more harmonious working relationships.<>
{"title":"A private sector initiative in establishing a science and technology park: the case of POSCO-RIST-POSTECH","authors":"Sungil Juhn, C. Rhee","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183767","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The authors examine different types of linkages among industry, universities, and R&D institutes in Korea. An S&T (science and technology) park is but one example of such linkages identifiable by geographical boundaries. A private sector initiative in establishing a S&T park in Pohang, South Korea, is discussed. Although there were problems of status and goal incongruence and lack of shared values in the early year of the linkage, the system seems to be working after three years of trial and error. Some measures such as the establishment of the office of RIST-POSTECH-POSCO cooperation and exchange of personnel in the form of adjunct professors and adjunct researchers were taken to promote more harmonious working relationships.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"41 1","pages":"679-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87007117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183646
R.G. Williams
The author presents an intuitive justification for a statistical cost estimating model thought to be the basis of a commercially available computer package for predicting the cost of items of hardware. The relationship is applied to cost data on the selling price of standard models of cars available in the United Kingdom. The data are also used to calibrate the proposed model and to identify the order magnitude of an index used in the proposed model to describe the difficulty of manufacture of an article. Estimates produced by the proposed model and those from a proprietary computer package are similar.<>
{"title":"An intuitive parametric cost forecasting model for assembled products","authors":"R.G. Williams","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183646","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents an intuitive justification for a statistical cost estimating model thought to be the basis of a commercially available computer package for predicting the cost of items of hardware. The relationship is applied to cost data on the selling price of standard models of cars available in the United Kingdom. The data are also used to calibrate the proposed model and to identify the order magnitude of an index used in the proposed model to describe the difficulty of manufacture of an article. Estimates produced by the proposed model and those from a proprietary computer package are similar.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"10 1","pages":"304-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183621
T. Mandakovic, E.L. Gorricho
The authors critically analyze the six leadership roles, visioning, climate setting, communicating, managing interfacing, planning, and team building, as identified by G. Barczak and D. Wilemon (1988, 1989) in their exploratory study. Analysis on these roles includes their contents, how leaders portray these roles, and the implications for leadership of new successful product development teams. It is concluded that the identified roles are needed in order to be a successful new technology manager and that the communication role is an underlying link and a basic foundation for the other five roles.<>
{"title":"Leadership in product development phase","authors":"T. Mandakovic, E.L. Gorricho","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183621","url":null,"abstract":"The authors critically analyze the six leadership roles, visioning, climate setting, communicating, managing interfacing, planning, and team building, as identified by G. Barczak and D. Wilemon (1988, 1989) in their exploratory study. Analysis on these roles includes their contents, how leaders portray these roles, and the implications for leadership of new successful product development teams. It is concluded that the identified roles are needed in order to be a successful new technology manager and that the communication role is an underlying link and a basic foundation for the other five roles.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"39 1","pages":"230-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73643969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183675
H.A. Rumsey
Summary form only given, as follows. It is pointed out that, too often, the implementation of total quality management is characterized as a wholesale assault with a variety of quality tools. The key to successful implementation is a strategically driven, integrated approach to managing the organization's critical processes. For the most part, though, when executives first try to think in terms of processes rather than in terms of their functional stovepipes, they find a great deal of difficulty in making the translation. Putting aside parochial interests in favor of cross-functional processes which benefit the entire corporation is essential. Process management begins by assigning ownership for the process. Functions which in the past were retained as prerogatives of management now become the purview of the process action team. The first responsibility of the process action team is to clearly define the process. The next step is process simplification. After simplification, it is time to measure the performance of the process. At this point, one is ready to move to process control by examining key variances to determine where they occur, why they occur, and how they can be prevented. when the process is in control, then one is in a position to look for breakthrough opportunities.<>
{"title":"Quality and productivity through process management","authors":"H.A. Rumsey","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183675","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. It is pointed out that, too often, the implementation of total quality management is characterized as a wholesale assault with a variety of quality tools. The key to successful implementation is a strategically driven, integrated approach to managing the organization's critical processes. For the most part, though, when executives first try to think in terms of processes rather than in terms of their functional stovepipes, they find a great deal of difficulty in making the translation. Putting aside parochial interests in favor of cross-functional processes which benefit the entire corporation is essential. Process management begins by assigning ownership for the process. Functions which in the past were retained as prerogatives of management now become the purview of the process action team. The first responsibility of the process action team is to clearly define the process. The next step is process simplification. After simplification, it is time to measure the performance of the process. At this point, one is ready to move to process control by examining key variances to determine where they occur, why they occur, and how they can be prevented. when the process is in control, then one is in a position to look for breakthrough opportunities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"13 1","pages":"399-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73420109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183670
R. Simmons, J. Schmidt
Summary form only given. The role of the burning plasma experiment (BPX) in the US fusion program is to provide a technical bridge between the present generation of experiments (i.e. TFTR, JET, DIII-D) and an Experimental Test Reactor (ETR) such as the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor. The primary span in this technical bridge is the understanding, development, and demonstration of the physics of self-heated (e.g. burning) plasmas. The development and demonstration of the physics of burning plasmas is an essential next step if the world fusion program is to effectively transition to an energy-oriented program. BPX is a national effort that involves most of the national fusion laboratories, many major universities, and an increasing number of industrial participants. As a major systems acquisition within the US Department of Energy, BPX is required to meet rigorous project control and procedural documentation standards.<>
{"title":"The burning plasma experiment: changing fusion to an energy-oriented program","authors":"R. Simmons, J. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183670","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The role of the burning plasma experiment (BPX) in the US fusion program is to provide a technical bridge between the present generation of experiments (i.e. TFTR, JET, DIII-D) and an Experimental Test Reactor (ETR) such as the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor. The primary span in this technical bridge is the understanding, development, and demonstration of the physics of self-heated (e.g. burning) plasmas. The development and demonstration of the physics of burning plasmas is an essential next step if the world fusion program is to effectively transition to an energy-oriented program. BPX is a national effort that involves most of the national fusion laboratories, many major universities, and an increasing number of industrial participants. As a major systems acquisition within the US Department of Energy, BPX is required to meet rigorous project control and procedural documentation standards.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"49 1","pages":"396-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73811599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183811
K. Nicolle-Evans, R.G. Williams
The authors report on the application of project management techniques in a research and development group of a multinational chemical company. At the outset of the study, the group had recognized that their research and development management could be improved. A review of the group's current and past activities was undertaken to ascertain which techniques were being practiced. It was seen that a number of techniques were being overlooked, and some innovations were introduced to the group.<>
{"title":"Research and development management in a UK chemical firm: a case study","authors":"K. Nicolle-Evans, R.G. Williams","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183811","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the application of project management techniques in a research and development group of a multinational chemical company. At the outset of the study, the group had recognized that their research and development management could be improved. A review of the group's current and past activities was undertaken to ascertain which techniques were being practiced. It was seen that a number of techniques were being overlooked, and some innovations were introduced to the group.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"19 1","pages":"800-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183778
C. Watanabe
In the context of Japan's technological development path focusing on the relationship between government and industry, the author examines mechanisms: (i) of technological innovation; (ii) for inducing vigorous R&D investment; and (iii) conducive to technological development. It is concluded that the multidimensional system consists of economic environmental conditions based on social and cultural foundations and the policy system in conjunction with crisis situations could be the asset which contributed to Japan's rapid improvement in technology, and this asset could be considered as a tangible one.<>
{"title":"Japan's industrial technology system as a tangible asset","authors":"C. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183778","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Japan's technological development path focusing on the relationship between government and industry, the author examines mechanisms: (i) of technological innovation; (ii) for inducing vigorous R&D investment; and (iii) conducive to technological development. It is concluded that the multidimensional system consists of economic environmental conditions based on social and cultural foundations and the policy system in conjunction with crisis situations could be the asset which contributed to Japan's rapid improvement in technology, and this asset could be considered as a tangible one.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"84 6 1","pages":"700-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77649678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183782
D. Lee, C. C. Johnson
Technology strategies and business strategies are interrelated, but affected by different, sometimes contradictory, external forces. When several people are jointly responsible for concurrently addressing these complex, dynamic strategies as part of their responsibilities, maintaining a focus can be difficult. To integrate these strategies, the authors employ a conceptual representation of their interaction based on two intersecting, dynamic planes, each with individual characteristics and specific linkages and interfaces at multiple levels. They exploit the representation as both a means of forming a shared vision among individual R&D project leaders and of communicating goals for the overall R&D program.<>
{"title":"Exploiting a conceptual representation to integrate business and technology strategies","authors":"D. Lee, C. C. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183782","url":null,"abstract":"Technology strategies and business strategies are interrelated, but affected by different, sometimes contradictory, external forces. When several people are jointly responsible for concurrently addressing these complex, dynamic strategies as part of their responsibilities, maintaining a focus can be difficult. To integrate these strategies, the authors employ a conceptual representation of their interaction based on two intersecting, dynamic planes, each with individual characteristics and specific linkages and interfaces at multiple levels. They exploit the representation as both a means of forming a shared vision among individual R&D project leaders and of communicating goals for the overall R&D program.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":"110 1","pages":"717-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76307651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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