Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183651
M. Liou, H. Dietz, H. Moskowitz, R. Plante
The authors have developed and analyzed a novel algorithm for generation of all two-level RFFDs (regular fractional factoral designs) which met a user-specified requirement set. Although Franklin's algorithm could have been applied many times to obtain the same designs, the proposed algorithm directly, and relatively quickly, produces all such RFFDs (without repeats). This allows the user to make intelligent choices between alternative RFFDs. The FFDs are optimized to provide specific information using the fewest tests.<>
{"title":"A new algorithm for two-level RFFD generation","authors":"M. Liou, H. Dietz, H. Moskowitz, R. Plante","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183651","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed and analyzed a novel algorithm for generation of all two-level RFFDs (regular fractional factoral designs) which met a user-specified requirement set. Although Franklin's algorithm could have been applied many times to obtain the same designs, the proposed algorithm directly, and relatively quickly, produces all such RFFDs (without repeats). This allows the user to make intelligent choices between alternative RFFDs. The FFDs are optimized to provide specific information using the fewest tests.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84119474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183708
B. Gold
After reviewing the reasons urging the direct involvement of senior management in promoting information technology, the author discusses the requirements for effectively harnessing the potentials of information technologies and provides some empirical perspectives on the results of some major applications. It is suggested that effective development and utilization of information technology systems should be recognized by top management as requiring a comprehensive long-term program of progressively broader applications rather than an array of independent acquisitions of whatever components promise attractive short-term returns during periodic evaluations of new capital allocation proposals. Sound planning of an information technology program would benefit from an early broad perspective which envisions the overall sequential stages of development.<>
{"title":"Senior management's responsibilities in promoting information technologies: some empirical perspectives","authors":"B. Gold","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183708","url":null,"abstract":"After reviewing the reasons urging the direct involvement of senior management in promoting information technology, the author discusses the requirements for effectively harnessing the potentials of information technologies and provides some empirical perspectives on the results of some major applications. It is suggested that effective development and utilization of information technology systems should be recognized by top management as requiring a comprehensive long-term program of progressively broader applications rather than an array of independent acquisitions of whatever components promise attractive short-term returns during periodic evaluations of new capital allocation proposals. Sound planning of an information technology program would benefit from an early broad perspective which envisions the overall sequential stages of development.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82911038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183693
K. Loess
The author reports some preliminary findings toward the development of a framework within which important joint venture staffing issues can be analyzed and understood. Specifically, based on data obtained from three US-Japanese ventures located in the United States, the author presents preliminary findings toward understanding staffing dynamics from a negotiations perspective in technically oriented international joint ventures. The preliminary findings of the current study are that there is yet much work to be done in this area of research.<>
{"title":"Technology transfer in international joint ventures: the importance of early staff negotiations","authors":"K. Loess","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183693","url":null,"abstract":"The author reports some preliminary findings toward the development of a framework within which important joint venture staffing issues can be analyzed and understood. Specifically, based on data obtained from three US-Japanese ventures located in the United States, the author presents preliminary findings toward understanding staffing dynamics from a negotiations perspective in technically oriented international joint ventures. The preliminary findings of the current study are that there is yet much work to be done in this area of research.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89789421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183780
S. Kuhlmann, U. Kuntze
It is suggested that there is reason to suppose that small and medium-sized manufacturing companies (SMEs) are dependent to a growing degree on R&D cooperation, this being governed by the size and direction of a company's technological orientation. The industrial integration of heterogeneous technologies, which is gaining more and more importance and is reflected in a verifiable increase in R&D cooperation among companies in the industrialized nations, is also drawing SMEs into its wake. Nevertheless R&D cooperation is not a goal in and of itself, but rather one measure among many for attaining ambitious innovation objectives. The most important reason for establishing relationships with third parties for R&D cooperation is the entry of a company into a completely new area of technology. Important prerequisites for successful R&D cooperation by small and medium-sized companies are examined.<>
{"title":"R&D-cooperation by small and medium sized companies","authors":"S. Kuhlmann, U. Kuntze","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183780","url":null,"abstract":"It is suggested that there is reason to suppose that small and medium-sized manufacturing companies (SMEs) are dependent to a growing degree on R&D cooperation, this being governed by the size and direction of a company's technological orientation. The industrial integration of heterogeneous technologies, which is gaining more and more importance and is reflected in a verifiable increase in R&D cooperation among companies in the industrialized nations, is also drawing SMEs into its wake. Nevertheless R&D cooperation is not a goal in and of itself, but rather one measure among many for attaining ambitious innovation objectives. The most important reason for establishing relationships with third parties for R&D cooperation is the entry of a company into a completely new area of technology. Important prerequisites for successful R&D cooperation by small and medium-sized companies are examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90371246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183732
E. Khan
Summary form only given. The author discusses various software project management (SPM) issues applicable in each of the four life-cycle approaches. The first disciplined approach to manage systems development, the classical system development life cycle (CSDLC), was enhanced to become the structured system development life cycle (SSDLC). The continued evolution of system development introduced prototyping, implemented by fourth-generation language tools. The usage and appropriateness of these disparate methodologies and tools in the organizational environment of a developing country, Bahrain, were investigated. The sample included different types of organizations with varying experience of computer usage in a variety of application areas. The results showed that the organizations use the traditional approach for system development with certain variations.<>
{"title":"Software project management: the effect of development methodologies and environment","authors":"E. Khan","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183732","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The author discusses various software project management (SPM) issues applicable in each of the four life-cycle approaches. The first disciplined approach to manage systems development, the classical system development life cycle (CSDLC), was enhanced to become the structured system development life cycle (SSDLC). The continued evolution of system development introduced prototyping, implemented by fourth-generation language tools. The usage and appropriateness of these disparate methodologies and tools in the organizational environment of a developing country, Bahrain, were investigated. The sample included different types of organizations with varying experience of computer usage in a variety of application areas. The results showed that the organizations use the traditional approach for system development with certain variations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77856078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183823
D. E. Bell
Summary form only given, as follows. The author compares and contrasts the evolving laws to protect industrial technology in Eastern European countries such as Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. The advantages and disadvantages of each country's patent, trademark, service mark, and copyright laws have been compared. Treatment of industrial development and transfers of technology as trade secrets are examined to evaluate whether the specific country adequately allows foreign-developed technology to be patented. The Convention to Establish a World Intellectual Property Organization and the Paris Convention for Protection of Intellectual Property and other applicable international treaties are also reviewed.<>
{"title":"Technological transfers to Eastern Europe","authors":"D. E. Bell","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183823","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. The author compares and contrasts the evolving laws to protect industrial technology in Eastern European countries such as Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. The advantages and disadvantages of each country's patent, trademark, service mark, and copyright laws have been compared. Treatment of industrial development and transfers of technology as trade secrets are examined to evaluate whether the specific country adequately allows foreign-developed technology to be patented. The Convention to Establish a World Intellectual Property Organization and the Paris Convention for Protection of Intellectual Property and other applicable international treaties are also reviewed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183794
K. Rajczi
Two dimensions to consider when deciding on a product design strategy are product design inputs and product design outputs. Product design inputs represent the number of markets that are consulted before an initial product is designed. Product design outputs represent the market(s) that the initial product(s) are actually designed for. The author examines the relationships between these dimensions and their impact on the product design strategy decision facing the global firm. Consideration is given to the forces driving a firm into a particular strategy and the tradeoffs involved in choosing a particular strategy.<>
{"title":"Product design strategy in the global firm","authors":"K. Rajczi","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183794","url":null,"abstract":"Two dimensions to consider when deciding on a product design strategy are product design inputs and product design outputs. Product design inputs represent the number of markets that are consulted before an initial product is designed. Product design outputs represent the market(s) that the initial product(s) are actually designed for. The author examines the relationships between these dimensions and their impact on the product design strategy decision facing the global firm. Consideration is given to the forces driving a firm into a particular strategy and the tradeoffs involved in choosing a particular strategy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79374500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183655
R. J. Gagnon, C. Sheu
The mixed integer programming model (MILP) is formulated, which combines: long-term, aggregate capacity planning for multilevel engineers and engineering administrators and long-term capacity planning for multilevel engineering equipment requirements. It allows the engineering personnel and equipment to be completely internal to the firm needing the technological capability (purchased, developed or hired by the firm), completely external (owned or hired by an engineering consulting firm), or some intermediate alternative. It permits higher-level internal engineers and technical equipment to be used for lower-level assignments as well as for those at their own level, and it allows the internal and external personnel and equipment to have different performance levels. A comprehensive example problem is provided, and an optimal solution is obtained and assessed. Future research extensions are presented.<>
{"title":"Optimal strategies for acquiring advanced engineering technologies with linked resources","authors":"R. J. Gagnon, C. Sheu","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183655","url":null,"abstract":"The mixed integer programming model (MILP) is formulated, which combines: long-term, aggregate capacity planning for multilevel engineers and engineering administrators and long-term capacity planning for multilevel engineering equipment requirements. It allows the engineering personnel and equipment to be completely internal to the firm needing the technological capability (purchased, developed or hired by the firm), completely external (owned or hired by an engineering consulting firm), or some intermediate alternative. It permits higher-level internal engineers and technical equipment to be used for lower-level assignments as well as for those at their own level, and it allows the internal and external personnel and equipment to have different performance levels. A comprehensive example problem is provided, and an optimal solution is obtained and assessed. Future research extensions are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79448718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183578
S. Seibert
Summary form only given. The effects of different frequencies, types, and patterns of social interaction on cross-functional integration and R&D project performance have been examined. Network analytic techniques were used to derive density and multiplexity measures from the work-related communication and friendship patterns as they occur across functional boundaries. These variables were then related to questionnaire measures of functional integration defined in terms of levels of coordination, responsiveness, information sharing, and conflict resolution among functional departments. Results based on a small initial data set show that a more centralized pattern of work-related communication between engineering project personnel and their counterparts in other functional departments is associated with more positive evaluations of the project from the members of those other functions.<>
{"title":"Social interaction and innovative project performance","authors":"S. Seibert","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183578","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The effects of different frequencies, types, and patterns of social interaction on cross-functional integration and R&D project performance have been examined. Network analytic techniques were used to derive density and multiplexity measures from the work-related communication and friendship patterns as they occur across functional boundaries. These variables were then related to questionnaire measures of functional integration defined in terms of levels of coordination, responsiveness, information sharing, and conflict resolution among functional departments. Results based on a small initial data set show that a more centralized pattern of work-related communication between engineering project personnel and their counterparts in other functional departments is associated with more positive evaluations of the project from the members of those other functions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79475478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-27DOI: 10.1109/PICMET.1991.183778
C. Watanabe
In the context of Japan's technological development path focusing on the relationship between government and industry, the author examines mechanisms: (i) of technological innovation; (ii) for inducing vigorous R&D investment; and (iii) conducive to technological development. It is concluded that the multidimensional system consists of economic environmental conditions based on social and cultural foundations and the policy system in conjunction with crisis situations could be the asset which contributed to Japan's rapid improvement in technology, and this asset could be considered as a tangible one.<>
{"title":"Japan's industrial technology system as a tangible asset","authors":"C. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/PICMET.1991.183778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.1991.183778","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Japan's technological development path focusing on the relationship between government and industry, the author examines mechanisms: (i) of technological innovation; (ii) for inducing vigorous R&D investment; and (iii) conducive to technological development. It is concluded that the multidimensional system consists of economic environmental conditions based on social and cultural foundations and the policy system in conjunction with crisis situations could be the asset which contributed to Japan's rapid improvement in technology, and this asset could be considered as a tangible one.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":22349,"journal":{"name":"Technology Management : the New International Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77649678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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