Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.003
Yelyzaveta Budakva, K. Pochernyaev, S. Korinnyi, M. Povod
In the study, we evaluated the genetic specificity of haplotypes in the population of hybrid gilts (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) from the SPE “Globinsky Pig Complex” LLC and breeding sows of the Large White breed from the SE “DG named after January 9th” using polymorphism of the lengths of the restricted fragments of mtDNA. The purpose of the study was to determine if the process of creating specialized parent lines (of modern cross-border breeds) reduces haplotype diversity. As a genetic material, bristles from sows of the Large White breed (n=7) were used and epithelial tissue of pigs (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) — (n=37). DNA release from bristle samples was carried out using ion exchange resin Chelex-100. For the study of the D-loop of the mitochondrial genome of hybrid pigs (n=37) from the epithelial tissue of the auricle, a set of DNA-sorb-B nucleic acid extraction kit from “InterLabService-Ukraine” LLC was used. The samples of epithelial tissue of pigs’ ears were treated with fire from fuel tablet. For the analysis of the mitochondrial genome, the method of polymorphism of the lengths of restricted fragments was used, amplified with PCR. Genotyping of DNA samples of experimental pigs according to mitochondrial markers was carried out with the involvement of the polysite method in accordance with the methodological recommendations of K. F. Pochernyaev and M. D. Berezovsky (2014). The use of maternal inheritance type markers (mtDNA) allowed to identify 2 maternal lines with specific haplotypes, which participated in the creation of hybrid pigs and the formation of their haplogroup. The genetic diversity of mtDNA subspecies of wild and domesticated pigs is limited by the existing lines. Therefore, one haplotype of the mitochondrial genome does not indicate a specific breed, since, several breeds have the same haplotype mtDNA — A, G, C, N, and O. The concentration of haplotype A in tribal sows of Large White breed with a frequency (16%). In the hybrid gilts (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) the concentration of detected haplotypes is: C (n=9) — Landrace, Hampshire, Wales, wild pig (20.5%); G — (n=5) Wales, wild pig (11.4%); O (n=5) — Landrace, wild pig (11.4%); N (n=11) — Large White, Berkshire, Asian wild pig (25%); D 9%, K 6.8% (n=7) — unknown among the breeds of domestic pig. We assume that pigs of a Large White breed with haplotype A and hybrid pigs (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) with haplotype G, O, in particular D, K contain aboriginal genetic resources. However, in the middle of the XX century, subspecies of wild and domesticated pig breeds became less population-like due to decrease in the area of cultivation and increased pressure from foreign breeds with high growth rates and breeding grounds. Thus, there is a risk of extinction — existing haplotypes and those which have not yet been identified among domesticated pigs (D, K). This suggests that the study
本研究利用mtDNA限制性片段长度的多态性，对SPE“Globinsky猪复合体”有限责任公司的“大白×长白”、“长白×大白”杂交母猪群体和以“1月9日”命名的“DG”大白猪种母猪群体的单倍型遗传特异性进行了评价。该研究的目的是确定创造专一亲本系(现代跨界品种)的过程是否会降低单倍型多样性。遗传材料选用大白母猪(n=7)的刚毛和猪(大白×长白)、(长白×大白)的上皮组织(n=37)。利用离子交换树脂Chelex-100对猪鬃样品进行DNA释放。杂交猪(n=37)耳廓上皮组织线粒体基因组d环的研究，采用“InterLabService-Ukraine”LLC公司的DNA-sorb-B核酸提取试剂盒。用燃料片火处理猪耳上皮组织样品。线粒体基因组分析采用限制性片段长度多态性方法，用PCR扩增。根据K. F. Pochernyaev和M. D. Berezovsky(2014)的方法学建议，利用聚多糖法对实验猪的DNA样本进行线粒体标记基因分型。利用母体遗传型标记(mtDNA)鉴定出具有特定单倍型的2个母系，它们参与杂交猪的产生和单倍群的形成。野生猪和家猪mtDNA亚种的遗传多样性受到现有品系的限制。因此，一个线粒体基因组的单倍型并不代表一个特定的品种，因为几个品种具有相同的单倍型mtDNA - a, G, C, N和o。大白品种的部落母猪中单倍型a的浓度频率为16%。在杂交后备母猪(大白×长白)中，(长白×大白)检测到的单倍型浓度为:C (n=9) -长白、汉普郡、威尔士、野猪(20.5%);G - (n=5)威尔士，野猪(11.4%);0 (n=5) -长白猪，野猪(11.4%);N (N =11) -大白，伯克夏，亚洲野猪(25%);D 9%， K 6.8% (n=7) -家猪品种中未知。我们假设单倍型为a的大白猪和单倍型为G、O，特别是D、K的杂交猪(大白×长白)含有土著遗传资源。然而，在20世纪中叶，由于养殖面积的减少以及来自具有高生长率和繁殖地的外国品种的压力增加，野生和家养猪品种的亚种变得不那么像种群。因此，存在着灭绝的风险——在家猪中存在的单倍型和那些尚未被识别的单倍型(D, K)。这表明，研究应侧重于对猪的系统发育起源进行分类和识别，并建立一个用于环境活动的生产公猪分子基因库。驯化过程通过近交、遗传漂变、自然选择和人工选择等遗传过程，对竹属植物施加了强烈的选择压力。在过去的9 - 1万年里，人类的干预导致驯化的物种在形态、行为和基因上都与它们的祖先亲戚不同。我们认为，与形态纯粹的野猪亚种相比，具有某些家猪形态特征的野猪“杂交”亚种具有更高比例的家猪全基因组祖先。D、K单倍型动物是与欧洲公猪杂交的结果。单倍型A的代表(大白、欧洲型杜洛克、曼加利察);G(威尔士野猪)-意大利;C(长白猪，威尔士，汉普郡，野猪)-乌克兰，波兰，法国;O(长白猪，野猪)-瑞典，归入“mt-E”单倍群的欧洲群。猪的单倍型N -大白猪(亚洲型)，伯克夏，一种野猪，属于“mt-A”单倍群的亚洲集群。随着时间的推移，这导致欧洲家猪的核基因组中几乎完全消失了主要的中东祖先。杂种猪线粒体基因组数据的系统发育重建反映了mtDNA数据的明确地理划分-东欧和亚洲。特别是，欧洲和亚洲野猪的亚种是母系的祖先基础，它先于驯化和杂交种猪。欧洲和亚洲野猪的单倍型表明，来自意大利、波兰、法国、斯堪的纳维亚和乌克兰等地区的野猪也被驯化，或者至少最初被包括在驯化猪中。研究结果表明，S。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of modern lines of hybrid pigs based on variations in mitochondrial DNA sequence","authors":"Yelyzaveta Budakva, K. Pochernyaev, S. Korinnyi, M. Povod","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, we evaluated the genetic specificity of haplotypes in the population of hybrid gilts (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) from the SPE “Globinsky Pig Complex” LLC and breeding sows of the Large White breed from the SE “DG named after January 9th” using polymorphism of the lengths of the restricted fragments of mtDNA. The purpose of the study was to determine if the process of creating specialized parent lines (of modern cross-border breeds) reduces haplotype diversity. As a genetic material, bristles from sows of the Large White breed (n=7) were used and epithelial tissue of pigs (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) — (n=37). DNA release from bristle samples was carried out using ion exchange resin Chelex-100. For the study of the D-loop of the mitochondrial genome of hybrid pigs (n=37) from the epithelial tissue of the auricle, a set of DNA-sorb-B nucleic acid extraction kit from “InterLabService-Ukraine” LLC was used. The samples of epithelial tissue of pigs’ ears were treated with fire from fuel tablet. For the analysis of the mitochondrial genome, the method of polymorphism of the lengths of restricted fragments was used, amplified with PCR. Genotyping of DNA samples of experimental pigs according to mitochondrial markers was carried out with the involvement of the polysite method in accordance with the methodological recommendations of K. F. Pochernyaev and M. D. Berezovsky (2014). The use of maternal inheritance type markers (mtDNA) allowed to identify 2 maternal lines with specific haplotypes, which participated in the creation of hybrid pigs and the formation of their haplogroup. The genetic diversity of mtDNA subspecies of wild and domesticated pigs is limited by the existing lines. Therefore, one haplotype of the mitochondrial genome does not indicate a specific breed, since, several breeds have the same haplotype mtDNA — A, G, C, N, and O. The concentration of haplotype A in tribal sows of Large White breed with a frequency (16%). In the hybrid gilts (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) the concentration of detected haplotypes is: C (n=9) — Landrace, Hampshire, Wales, wild pig (20.5%); G — (n=5) Wales, wild pig (11.4%); O (n=5) — Landrace, wild pig (11.4%); N (n=11) — Large White, Berkshire, Asian wild pig (25%); D 9%, K 6.8% (n=7) — unknown among the breeds of domestic pig. We assume that pigs of a Large White breed with haplotype A and hybrid pigs (Large White × Landrace), (Landrace × Large White) with haplotype G, O, in particular D, K contain aboriginal genetic resources. However, in the middle of the XX century, subspecies of wild and domesticated pig breeds became less population-like due to decrease in the area of cultivation and increased pressure from foreign breeds with high growth rates and breeding grounds. Thus, there is a risk of extinction — existing haplotypes and those which have not yet been identified among domesticated pigs (D, K). This suggests that the study ","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89175299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.039
R. Palonko
The study was aimed to examine the effects of the Biophosphomag medication on biochemical parameters of blood under induced oxidative stress in rats. For this purpose, we used 24 animals weighing 200±20 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals in each one and kept on a standard diet with access to water ad libitum. The 1st group was an intact control without oxidative stress and its correction; the 2nd was a control with induced oxidative stress and without its correction. The 3rd group received a 1% solution of magnesium sulfate intragastrically. The animals of the 4th group were administered Biophosphomag (a combined medication of magnesium and phosphorus based on casein) in a dose equivalent to magnesium sulfate by magnesium. Oxidative stress was induced with a single intragastric administration of paracetamol. The results of the serum analysis after the intake of medication showed, on the one hand, a decrease in the activity of the enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, α-amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose and TBA-active compounds concentration (P<0.05), and, on the other hand, an increase in the magnesium concentration and catalase activity. The obtained results indicate a higher bioavailability of magnesium in the composition of the Biophosphomag medication than in the composition of magnesium sulfate, which leads to a more significant hepatoprotective effect under conditions of induced oxidative damage to the liver. They can be an argument why Biophosphomag medication should be used in the correction of pathological processes accompanied by oxidative stress or as a source of magnesium with high bioavailability.
{"title":"Biochemical effect of the Biophosphomag medication on the biochemical blood indicators in rats under oxidative stress conditions","authors":"R. Palonko","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.039","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to examine the effects of the Biophosphomag medication on biochemical parameters of blood under induced oxidative stress in rats. For this purpose, we used 24 animals weighing 200±20 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals in each one and kept on a standard diet with access to water ad libitum. The 1st group was an intact control without oxidative stress and its correction; the 2nd was a control with induced oxidative stress and without its correction. The 3rd group received a 1% solution of magnesium sulfate intragastrically. The animals of the 4th group were administered Biophosphomag (a combined medication of magnesium and phosphorus based on casein) in a dose equivalent to magnesium sulfate by magnesium. Oxidative stress was induced with a single intragastric administration of paracetamol. The results of the serum analysis after the intake of medication showed, on the one hand, a decrease in the activity of the enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, α-amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose and TBA-active compounds concentration (P<0.05), and, on the other hand, an increase in the magnesium concentration and catalase activity. The obtained results indicate a higher bioavailability of magnesium in the composition of the Biophosphomag medication than in the composition of magnesium sulfate, which leads to a more significant hepatoprotective effect under conditions of induced oxidative damage to the liver. They can be an argument why Biophosphomag medication should be used in the correction of pathological processes accompanied by oxidative stress or as a source of magnesium with high bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85807878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.022
M. Khalturyn
The purpose of the work was to conduct a morphobiological analysis of common pike (Esox lucius L.) from two reservoirs similar in their parameters and conditions, and to determine the difference between the populations of these species due to various anthropogenic factors. The pike from the Sumy region has a more slender body, as it is indicated by displaced dorsal (5.76) and anal fins (9.19), a larger body width (2.47) and an enlarged tail stem (9.62), a more elongated head with a snout and upper jaw (6.10, 11.37, 4.9, respectively). Such signs may indicate that the pike hunts for prey that has the maximum size ac-cording to a specimen. The indicators of the pike from the Kyiv region are somewhat different and indicate that the predator makes very rapid and fairly long-distance attacks on prey, despite obstacles such as macrophytes and other aquatic vegetation, which can be evidenced by a larger width of the forehead (13.32), head height (4.16) and head height at the nape of the neck (3.56). Also, big eyes (4.91) and an enlarged lower jaw (9.89) can indicate speed and big jerks. Based on biological indicators, we can conclude that the pike from Sumy region is more fattened, which is confirmed by measurements and coefficients of its fatness. Therefore, it is fleshier, which, first of all, affects the quality of the fish as a commodity. As for the pike from the Kyiv re-gion, it is somewhat smaller with lower fatness coefficients, which may indicate greater expenditure of energy for obtaining food. This costliness, in our opinion, is related to competition from two more predatory fish species — perch and zander, which are common in the reservoir, and possibly to the size of the reservoir itself, which is four times larger. We consider it expedient to diversify the ichthyofauna of the reservoir in the Paryshkiv village, in particular peaceful species of fish, in order to remove or reduce the trophic competition of predators.
{"title":"Morphobiological characteristics of common pike (Esox lucius L.) in small reservoirs of complex purpose in Sumy and Kyiv regions","authors":"M. Khalturyn","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to conduct a morphobiological analysis of common pike (Esox lucius L.) from two reservoirs similar in their parameters and conditions, and to determine the difference between the populations of these species due to various anthropogenic factors. The pike from the Sumy region has a more slender body, as it is indicated by displaced dorsal (5.76) and anal fins (9.19), a larger body width (2.47) and an enlarged tail stem (9.62), a more elongated head with a snout and upper jaw (6.10, 11.37, 4.9, respectively). Such signs may indicate that the pike hunts for prey that has the maximum size ac-cording to a specimen. The indicators of the pike from the Kyiv region are somewhat different and indicate that the predator makes very rapid and fairly long-distance attacks on prey, despite obstacles such as macrophytes and other aquatic vegetation, which can be evidenced by a larger width of the forehead (13.32), head height (4.16) and head height at the nape of the neck (3.56). Also, big eyes (4.91) and an enlarged lower jaw (9.89) can indicate speed and big jerks. Based on biological indicators, we can conclude that the pike from Sumy region is more fattened, which is confirmed by measurements and coefficients of its fatness. Therefore, it is fleshier, which, first of all, affects the quality of the fish as a commodity. As for the pike from the Kyiv re-gion, it is somewhat smaller with lower fatness coefficients, which may indicate greater expenditure of energy for obtaining food. This costliness, in our opinion, is related to competition from two more predatory fish species — perch and zander, which are common in the reservoir, and possibly to the size of the reservoir itself, which is four times larger. We consider it expedient to diversify the ichthyofauna of the reservoir in the Paryshkiv village, in particular peaceful species of fish, in order to remove or reduce the trophic competition of predators.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75972120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.014
O. Shtapenko, I. I. Gevkan, V. Syrvatka, O. Y. Slyvchuk, O. O. Korbetska, S. Kornyat
The activity of dissolved enzyme preparations during storage decreases, what leads to the loss of their biological activity and, as a result, reduces the effectiveness of the drugs. Therefore, the development of compositions that are able to maintain high activity of the hormone in dissolved form during long-term storage is relevant. The results of studies have shown that using sucrose as a stabilizing component for maintain gonadotropin activity is effective. It was found that during eight weeks of storage the best results on the preservation of gonadotropin activity during storage at 40°C were obtained in samples containing 75 mg/ml of sucrose compared to the sample of the control group. However, the highest gonadotropin activity was found when — 10 mg/ml L-lysine and 75 mg/ml sucrose were used as stabilizers. Studies of the dynamics of gonadotropin activity during long-term storage at 18–20°C showed that the addition of L-lysine and sucrose as stabilizing substances in the form of liposomal emulsion increases the preservation of chorionic hormone activity for 2 weeks of storage by 11.4% compared to similar composition pharmacological composition of the drug in aqueous form.
{"title":"Creation of combined stabilizing compositions to preserve the activity of gonadotropins in liquid form","authors":"O. Shtapenko, I. I. Gevkan, V. Syrvatka, O. Y. Slyvchuk, O. O. Korbetska, S. Kornyat","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of dissolved enzyme preparations during storage decreases, what leads to the loss of their biological activity and, as a result, reduces the effectiveness of the drugs. Therefore, the development of compositions that are able to maintain high activity of the hormone in dissolved form during long-term storage is relevant. The results of studies have shown that using sucrose as a stabilizing component for maintain gonadotropin activity is effective. It was found that during eight weeks of storage the best results on the preservation of gonadotropin activity during storage at 40°C were obtained in samples containing 75 mg/ml of sucrose compared to the sample of the control group. However, the highest gonadotropin activity was found when — 10 mg/ml L-lysine and 75 mg/ml sucrose were used as stabilizers. Studies of the dynamics of gonadotropin activity during long-term storage at 18–20°C showed that the addition of L-lysine and sucrose as stabilizing substances in the form of liposomal emulsion increases the preservation of chorionic hormone activity for 2 weeks of storage by 11.4% compared to similar composition pharmacological composition of the drug in aqueous form.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87545572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.018
O. Chechet, V. Kovalenko
Nowadays it is important to develop new disinfectants for poultry which are simple in use, non-toxic if used in the presence of birds, with a broad bactericidal spectrum, not causing the resistance of microflora, maintaining the air environment, linking ammonia and deodorizing the air. One of the product effectiveness indicators comes from testing on micromycetes which are persistent on the indoor surfaces and require high fungicidal concentrations of active substances. Research results of the effect produced by the “Diolide” disinfectant with 42% sodium chlorite and 46% sodium chloride base showed fungicidal activity against the etalon strains of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. By serial digestion method using paper disks on Chapek’s medium and on the malt agar in the presence of the “Diolide” disinfectant the effective concentration of 0.1% was established. “Diolide” disinfectant at 0.1% concentration at 60 min. exposure completely disinfected test objects of wood, iron, brick and plaster which were contaminated with micromycetes. It was found that the effectiveness of “Diolide” disinfectant depends directly on the time of exposure and it is therefore necessary to adhere to these conditions in the production process.
{"title":"Research on fungicidal impact of “Diolide” disinfectant","authors":"O. Chechet, V. Kovalenko","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays it is important to develop new disinfectants for poultry which are simple in use, non-toxic if used in the presence of birds, with a broad bactericidal spectrum, not causing the resistance of microflora, maintaining the air environment, linking ammonia and deodorizing the air. One of the product effectiveness indicators comes from testing on micromycetes which are persistent on the indoor surfaces and require high fungicidal concentrations of active substances. Research results of the effect produced by the “Diolide” disinfectant with 42% sodium chlorite and 46% sodium chloride base showed fungicidal activity against the etalon strains of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. By serial digestion method using paper disks on Chapek’s medium and on the malt agar in the presence of the “Diolide” disinfectant the effective concentration of 0.1% was established. “Diolide” disinfectant at 0.1% concentration at 60 min. exposure completely disinfected test objects of wood, iron, brick and plaster which were contaminated with micromycetes. It was found that the effectiveness of “Diolide” disinfectant depends directly on the time of exposure and it is therefore necessary to adhere to these conditions in the production process.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87669432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.044
M. Sharan, Y. Salyha
The purpose of the work was to analyze the situation regarding to the status and prospects for the use of reproductive biotechnology to increase productivity in cattle breeding. In the conditions of dynamic growth of the planet’s population, global climate changes and the russian-Ukrainian war, food security in the whole world and in Ukraine in particular has become a key issue. To increase food stocks of animal origin, it is necessary first of all to intensify dairy and meat cattle breeding with the involvement of the best world genetics. This becomes possible thanks to the application of modern biotechnological methods of reproduction, some of which (artificial insemination, embryo transplantation) are successfully used in the world and in Ukraine, the other part (in vitro fertilization, cloning, creation of transgenic animals) is constantly developing and improving in countries with developed cattle breeding. Technologies of artificial insemination and transplantation of cattle embryos have been improved in Ukraine. Artificial insemination has been introduced into the practice of cattle breeding, work on embryo transplantation is being resumed, and in recent years, dairy farms have used sperm of bulls separated by sex. Scientists of the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine conduct sporadic experiments on in vitro fertilization and the creation of transgenic animals, which requires the expansion and deepening of these areas of research. To overcome modern challenges related to climate change and war, it is advisable to use biotechnological methods of reproduction in cattle breeding. For this, research on the development and implementation of the latest reproductive biotechnologies should be intensified: embryo transplantation, in vitro fertilization, creation of transgenic animals.
{"title":"The status and prospects of reproductive biotechnology application to increase productivity in cattle breeding","authors":"M. Sharan, Y. Salyha","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.044","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to analyze the situation regarding to the status and prospects for the use of reproductive biotechnology to increase productivity in cattle breeding. In the conditions of dynamic growth of the planet’s population, global climate changes and the russian-Ukrainian war, food security in the whole world and in Ukraine in particular has become a key issue. To increase food stocks of animal origin, it is necessary first of all to intensify dairy and meat cattle breeding with the involvement of the best world genetics. This becomes possible thanks to the application of modern biotechnological methods of reproduction, some of which (artificial insemination, embryo transplantation) are successfully used in the world and in Ukraine, the other part (in vitro fertilization, cloning, creation of transgenic animals) is constantly developing and improving in countries with developed cattle breeding. Technologies of artificial insemination and transplantation of cattle embryos have been improved in Ukraine. Artificial insemination has been introduced into the practice of cattle breeding, work on embryo transplantation is being resumed, and in recent years, dairy farms have used sperm of bulls separated by sex. Scientists of the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine conduct sporadic experiments on in vitro fertilization and the creation of transgenic animals, which requires the expansion and deepening of these areas of research. To overcome modern challenges related to climate change and war, it is advisable to use biotechnological methods of reproduction in cattle breeding. For this, research on the development and implementation of the latest reproductive biotechnologies should be intensified: embryo transplantation, in vitro fertilization, creation of transgenic animals.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81978017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.02.009
S. Khyzhnyak, A. O. Velinskaya, E. V. Byschuk, V. Voitsitskiy
Widespread use of fungicides in various spheres of human life leads to negative consequences for both humans and the environment. The article presents the results of a study of the acute effect of systemic fungicides of the chemical class triazoles on the content of macro- and microelements in kidney and liver rat tissues. The content of chemical elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The established changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the rat liver and kidney indicate tissue specificity of the fungicidal action. Under the influence of fungicide containing tebuconazole in amount of 250 g/dm3 or combined fungicide containing (tebuconazole, 125 g/dm3 + triadimefon, 100 g/dm3) the content of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) increased sugnificantly (P<0.05) in liver. This can lead to a functional load on the organ. Contrary, in kidney the studied fungicides cause the decrease (P<0.05) in the content of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cr), Zn:Cu ratio and increase in the Fe content, which may indicate the oxidative metabolic disorders in the organ, but an increase in the Ca content (P<0.05) — characterize the permeability of cell membranes. The detected changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the kidney and liver tissues may be the dysfunction and altering the effectiveness of intracellular control and effector signals.
{"title":"Elemental composition of liver and kidney tissues of rats under the influence of fungicides","authors":"S. Khyzhnyak, A. O. Velinskaya, E. V. Byschuk, V. Voitsitskiy","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread use of fungicides in various spheres of human life leads to negative consequences for both humans and the environment. The article presents the results of a study of the acute effect of systemic fungicides of the chemical class triazoles on the content of macro- and microelements in kidney and liver rat tissues. The content of chemical elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The established changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the rat liver and kidney indicate tissue specificity of the fungicidal action. Under the influence of fungicide containing tebuconazole in amount of 250 g/dm3 or combined fungicide containing (tebuconazole, 125 g/dm3 + triadimefon, 100 g/dm3) the content of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) increased sugnificantly (P<0.05) in liver. This can lead to a functional load on the organ. Contrary, in kidney the studied fungicides cause the decrease (P<0.05) in the content of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cr), Zn:Cu ratio and increase in the Fe content, which may indicate the oxidative metabolic disorders in the organ, but an increase in the Ca content (P<0.05) — characterize the permeability of cell membranes. The detected changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the kidney and liver tissues may be the dysfunction and altering the effectiveness of intracellular control and effector signals.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90266450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.02.014
V. Kusturov, M. Broshkov
The article presents the data of immunogram studies in seropositive and seronegative for Toxoplasma gondii cats and the dependence of the absolute number of immunocompetent cells on their housing conditions. The blood from domestic and stray cats aged 3 to 5 years in which IgG to T. gondii was detected during a serological study was used in the study. During analyzes of the average values of seropositive (SP) cats it was detected that 10 animals (22%) had sufficiently high IgG titers of 3.24±0.835 (P≤0.05) and only 5 cats (11%) can be considered as animals that did not come into contact with the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Neutrophils, as immunoregulatory cells, are among the first to encounter and become infected with Toxoplasma after the parasite crosses the intestinal epithelium. Determination of phagocytic activity of neutrophils showed that in the SP stray cats this indicator is 2 times lower than in the SP domestic cats and more than 4.0 times in the seronegative (SN) domestic cats. Analysis of the absolute content of lymphocytes and their T-subpopulation in the blood of different cats’ groups showed that in the SP stray cats, these indicators were lower. It is a proven fact that in order to control the adequate immune response in animals, it is extremely important not only the quantitative value of the immunoregulatory cells’ population, but also the ratio between them. The obtained results indicate that among homeless animals the seropositivity for toxoplasmosis is twice that of domestic cats. It was found that the SP domestic cats have a higher rate of T-suppressors and due to this IРI is 2.38±0.175. While the SP homeless cats have a larger T-helper subpopulation of lymphocytes and IРI is 4.13±0.506. In the SP domestic cats, the absolute content of B-lymphocytes was 0.616±0.038 and this indicator is the highest compared to other groups. There are also differences in the blood content of NK cells, namely in the homeless SP animals, it is higher than in the domestic cats. From this it should be noted that stray cats infected with T. gondii are mainly responsible for the widespread and constant pressure of infection in the region.
{"title":"Immunogram indices in seropositive and seronegative cats for Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"V. Kusturov, M. Broshkov","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the data of immunogram studies in seropositive and seronegative for Toxoplasma gondii cats and the dependence of the absolute number of immunocompetent cells on their housing conditions. The blood from domestic and stray cats aged 3 to 5 years in which IgG to T. gondii was detected during a serological study was used in the study. During analyzes of the average values of seropositive (SP) cats it was detected that 10 animals (22%) had sufficiently high IgG titers of 3.24±0.835 (P≤0.05) and only 5 cats (11%) can be considered as animals that did not come into contact with the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Neutrophils, as immunoregulatory cells, are among the first to encounter and become infected with Toxoplasma after the parasite crosses the intestinal epithelium. Determination of phagocytic activity of neutrophils showed that in the SP stray cats this indicator is 2 times lower than in the SP domestic cats and more than 4.0 times in the seronegative (SN) domestic cats. Analysis of the absolute content of lymphocytes and their T-subpopulation in the blood of different cats’ groups showed that in the SP stray cats, these indicators were lower. It is a proven fact that in order to control the adequate immune response in animals, it is extremely important not only the quantitative value of the immunoregulatory cells’ population, but also the ratio between them. The obtained results indicate that among homeless animals the seropositivity for toxoplasmosis is twice that of domestic cats. It was found that the SP domestic cats have a higher rate of T-suppressors and due to this IРI is 2.38±0.175. While the SP homeless cats have a larger T-helper subpopulation of lymphocytes and IРI is 4.13±0.506. In the SP domestic cats, the absolute content of B-lymphocytes was 0.616±0.038 and this indicator is the highest compared to other groups. There are also differences in the blood content of NK cells, namely in the homeless SP animals, it is higher than in the domestic cats. From this it should be noted that stray cats infected with T. gondii are mainly responsible for the widespread and constant pressure of infection in the region.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85631533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.02.003
Yelyzaveta Budakva
Traditionally, the mitochondrial genome is characterized as a “molecular clock” for tracking the history of phylogeny along the maternal line. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes among commercial pigs (Large White × Landrace) × Maxgro from RPE “Globinsky Pig Farm”, Globyno town, Poltava region, Ukraine. For the study of the genetic structure of the pigs’ hybrid markers of mitochondrial DNA — a maternal type of inheritance was used. DNA markers are a convenient tool for investigating the origin of pro-maternal pig breeds. Application of multiplex analysis PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) when examining the variable area of the D-loop between sites 15558–15917 mitochondrial genome of hybrid pigs made it possible to determine the pro-maternal haplotypes of the experimental sample (n=20). Thus, according to the multisite system developed by Pochernyaev K. F., determination of mitochondrial haplotypes of pigs, which are denoted by Latin letters from A to P allowed to determine the true pro-maternal haplotypes of the experimental sample of pigs (n=20), as evidenced by the presence of the Tas I website in the above-mentioned provisions what actually determine the haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA. According to the results of the study defined haplotypes characterize different breeds, namely 4 animals with haplotype C — Landrace (Ukraine, Poland). 6 pigs have mitochondrial haplotype N — Large White (Asian type) and 7 pigs with mitochondrial haplotype O — Landrace. 1 animal with haplotype G — wild pig and cross-border breed Wales (Italy). 2 representatives of haplotype D — not found among the breeds of domestic pigs. According to the established pro-maternal haplotypes of hybrid pigs, animals-carriers of haplotype O are representatives of Scandinavian female pigs F1 as used in uterine herds in Sweden and Ireland with the participation of the Maxgro terminal parent line in the hybridization system. Identified mitochondrial haplotypes were found to be breed-specific to hybrid pigs of Irish breeding, this is confirmed by the established polymorphism of the mitochondrial genome which is an objective marker even in complex hybridization schemes. The work was done with the support of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine 31.01.00.07.F. “Investigate the pleiotropic effect gens that the SNP use in marker-associated pig breeding”. DR no. 0121U109838. Following the example of the developed systematization of the combination of restricted fragments by Pochernyaev K. F. in the future, I propose to create a database of reference haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA of pigs’ final hybrid. In the future, it will be used in further research to reconstruct the demographic history of commercial pigs of cross-border breeds.
{"title":"Determination of the genetic structure of pro-maternal pig breeds of Irish selection using mitochondrial DNA markers","authors":"Yelyzaveta Budakva","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the mitochondrial genome is characterized as a “molecular clock” for tracking the history of phylogeny along the maternal line. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes among commercial pigs (Large White × Landrace) × Maxgro from RPE “Globinsky Pig Farm”, Globyno town, Poltava region, Ukraine. For the study of the genetic structure of the pigs’ hybrid markers of mitochondrial DNA — a maternal type of inheritance was used. DNA markers are a convenient tool for investigating the origin of pro-maternal pig breeds. Application of multiplex analysis PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) when examining the variable area of the D-loop between sites 15558–15917 mitochondrial genome of hybrid pigs made it possible to determine the pro-maternal haplotypes of the experimental sample (n=20). Thus, according to the multisite system developed by Pochernyaev K. F., determination of mitochondrial haplotypes of pigs, which are denoted by Latin letters from A to P allowed to determine the true pro-maternal haplotypes of the experimental sample of pigs (n=20), as evidenced by the presence of the Tas I website in the above-mentioned provisions what actually determine the haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA. According to the results of the study defined haplotypes characterize different breeds, namely 4 animals with haplotype C — Landrace (Ukraine, Poland). 6 pigs have mitochondrial haplotype N — Large White (Asian type) and 7 pigs with mitochondrial haplotype O — Landrace. 1 animal with haplotype G — wild pig and cross-border breed Wales (Italy). 2 representatives of haplotype D — not found among the breeds of domestic pigs. According to the established pro-maternal haplotypes of hybrid pigs, animals-carriers of haplotype O are representatives of Scandinavian female pigs F1 as used in uterine herds in Sweden and Ireland with the participation of the Maxgro terminal parent line in the hybridization system. Identified mitochondrial haplotypes were found to be breed-specific to hybrid pigs of Irish breeding, this is confirmed by the established polymorphism of the mitochondrial genome which is an objective marker even in complex hybridization schemes. The work was done with the support of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine 31.01.00.07.F. “Investigate the pleiotropic effect gens that the SNP use in marker-associated pig breeding”. DR no. 0121U109838. Following the example of the developed systematization of the combination of restricted fragments by Pochernyaev K. F. in the future, I propose to create a database of reference haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA of pigs’ final hybrid. In the future, it will be used in further research to reconstruct the demographic history of commercial pigs of cross-border breeds.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76089843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.01.025
V. Kozyr, V. I. Petrenko, G. G. Dimchya, A. Maistrenko
The research was conducted on steppe red bulls with duodenal and ileocecal anastomoses when feeding isoenergetic, isoprotein hay-concentrate diets with different levels of soluble protein (SP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP). We studied the transformation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) separately in a complex stomach, small (SI) and large (LI) parts of the intestine. Assimilation of protein by animals was assessed by the amount of it digested in SI, and unproductive costs — by the part of nitrogen in the urine. Diets consisted of hay, peas and mineral supplements. Different amounts of SP in the diets were achieved by feeding natural pea (control) or pea grilled at a temperature of +105°C (experiment). When feeding a diet with a reduced level of SP and RDP, the apparent intensity of digestion decreased, which was manifested in a slightly smaller amount of feed consumed, and in a smaller number of duodenal and ileocecal chyme. In a complex stomach, the CP digestibility of the experimental diet with a reduced level of SP was 10% lower. In the control diet with a high level of SP, more CP was degraded in rumen and more ammonium nitrogen was supplied to SI. The availability of CP for digestion in SI on the experimental diet was 5.8% higher, against control, with 8–10% higher digestibility of DM, OM and CP, but lower digestibility of CA and CF. In LI, the digestibility of nutrients in the studied diets was multidirectional. A significant amount of dietary protein was depreciated in the control diet with a high level of SP due to a 40% increase in urinary nitrogen excretion.
{"title":"Feed protein solubility as an indicator of digestibility and availability of nutrients in the diets of bulls","authors":"V. Kozyr, V. I. Petrenko, G. G. Dimchya, A. Maistrenko","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted on steppe red bulls with duodenal and ileocecal anastomoses when feeding isoenergetic, isoprotein hay-concentrate diets with different levels of soluble protein (SP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP). We studied the transformation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) separately in a complex stomach, small (SI) and large (LI) parts of the intestine. Assimilation of protein by animals was assessed by the amount of it digested in SI, and unproductive costs — by the part of nitrogen in the urine. Diets consisted of hay, peas and mineral supplements. Different amounts of SP in the diets were achieved by feeding natural pea (control) or pea grilled at a temperature of +105°C (experiment). When feeding a diet with a reduced level of SP and RDP, the apparent intensity of digestion decreased, which was manifested in a slightly smaller amount of feed consumed, and in a smaller number of duodenal and ileocecal chyme. In a complex stomach, the CP digestibility of the experimental diet with a reduced level of SP was 10% lower. In the control diet with a high level of SP, more CP was degraded in rumen and more ammonium nitrogen was supplied to SI. The availability of CP for digestion in SI on the experimental diet was 5.8% higher, against control, with 8–10% higher digestibility of DM, OM and CP, but lower digestibility of CA and CF. In LI, the digestibility of nutrients in the studied diets was multidirectional. A significant amount of dietary protein was depreciated in the control diet with a high level of SP due to a 40% increase in urinary nitrogen excretion.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77707634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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