Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.020
A. Pylypets, M. Spivak, R. Fedoruk, M. Tsap, I. Kovalchuk, M. M. Romanovyсh
Modern methods of preserving honey bees focus on increasing their viability, feeding level and productivity development during different growth periods. There is a tendency to use new effective remedies of natural origin. Their action mechanisms differ from synthetic substances and drugs due to the activation of the body’s protective reactions at the physiological level. The probiotic Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 has an effective stimulating effect on physiological processes in bees under various environmental and experimental conditions. The physiological effect of this probiotic is associated with normalizing of the intestinal bacterial microflora and participation in modulating body’s protective reactions. The resistance of honey bees also depends on mineral nutrition, which affects metabolic processes at the tissue, organ and system levels and determines the vitality and resistance of the organism. Mineral elements are involved in protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, they activate enzyme systems. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of the probiotic L. сasei B-7280 in combination with different doses of Ge nanotechnological citrate (NTC) on the lipid composition and peroxidation products content in bees’ tissues. Bees of the control group were fed 60% sugar syrup (SS) in the amount of 1 cm3/group/day. The bees of the first experimental group (R1) were fed 1 cm3 of SS, 0.1 μg of Ge NTC and a solution of probiotic L. casei B-7280 (106 cells/cm3); the second experimental group (R2) received 0.2 μg of Ge citrate and probiotic L. casei B-7280 (106 cells/cm3). The feeding duration was 34 days. It was established that feeding sugar syrup, L. сasei and different doses of Ge citrate increased the content of phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerols in the R2 group, cholesterol esterification in the R1 group, and decreased free cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids compared to the K group and P period. The results indicate a dose-dependent effect of Ge NTC on lipid metabolism in body tissue homogenates. There was an increase in the triacylglycerols level in the lipids in all groups during the experimental period. The biological effect of nanotechnological Ge citrate and L. сasei cause a decrease of lipid peroxidation processes in bees of the experimental groups.
{"title":"Lipid composition and peroxidation products in the body tissues in bees under the action of different doses of nanotechnological Ge citrate and the probiotic Lactobacillus casei В-7280","authors":"A. Pylypets, M. Spivak, R. Fedoruk, M. Tsap, I. Kovalchuk, M. M. Romanovyсh","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"Modern methods of preserving honey bees focus on increasing their viability, feeding level and productivity development during different growth periods. There is a tendency to use new effective remedies of natural origin. Their action mechanisms differ from synthetic substances and drugs due to the activation of the body’s protective reactions at the physiological level. The probiotic Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 has an effective stimulating effect on physiological processes in bees under various environmental and experimental conditions. The physiological effect of this probiotic is associated with normalizing of the intestinal bacterial microflora and participation in modulating body’s protective reactions. The resistance of honey bees also depends on mineral nutrition, which affects metabolic processes at the tissue, organ and system levels and determines the vitality and resistance of the organism. Mineral elements are involved in protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, they activate enzyme systems. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of the probiotic L. сasei B-7280 in combination with different doses of Ge nanotechnological citrate (NTC) on the lipid composition and peroxidation products content in bees’ tissues. Bees of the control group were fed 60% sugar syrup (SS) in the amount of 1 cm3/group/day. The bees of the first experimental group (R1) were fed 1 cm3 of SS, 0.1 μg of Ge NTC and a solution of probiotic L. casei B-7280 (106 cells/cm3); the second experimental group (R2) received 0.2 μg of Ge citrate and probiotic L. casei B-7280 (106 cells/cm3). The feeding duration was 34 days. It was established that feeding sugar syrup, L. сasei and different doses of Ge citrate increased the content of phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerols in the R2 group, cholesterol esterification in the R1 group, and decreased free cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids compared to the K group and P period. The results indicate a dose-dependent effect of Ge NTC on lipid metabolism in body tissue homogenates. There was an increase in the triacylglycerols level in the lipids in all groups during the experimental period. The biological effect of nanotechnological Ge citrate and L. сasei cause a decrease of lipid peroxidation processes in bees of the experimental groups.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78982379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.039
S. Sachko
It is known that ionophoric antibiotics regulate ruminal fermentation, improve the utilization of feed protein, and prevent the occurrence of ketosis and steatosis in ruminants. Ionophoric antibiotics and β-acids of hops have a similar spectrum of biological activity, that is, they inhibit the vital activity of most gram-positive microorganisms of the rumen. Bacteria, like other living organisms, need vitamin E as an active antioxidant for cell membranes. The toxicity of tocopherol is very low, so adding it to the diet of ruminants in larger quantities can stimulate celluloselytic rumen bacteria and compensate for the negative effect of ionophores on fiber breakdown. Since rumen bacteria break down a significant part of dietary choline, methionine and carnitine, ruminants must receive them in a protected form, so their influence on rumen fermentation is insignificant. Three groups of cows of the Ukrainian dairy black-spotted breed with milk yields of 5 or more thousand kg during the previous lactation were formed: with signs of clinical ketosis — 4 animals; with subclinical ketosis — 5 animals and clinically healthy — 5 animals. For a month, cows with ketosis were given a treatment supplement containing crushed granules of hop cones (20 g), vitamin E (3 g), and rumen protected choline (50 g), methionine (20 g) and carnitine (1 g). Clinically healthy cows were used as control. In the blood of cows with subclinical ketosis, the additive increased the concentration of glucose and decreased the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate, these indicators were within the normal range. In cows with symptoms of clinical ketosis, using of the feed additive also reduced the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (P<0.01), but it was still higher than normal. In sick cows, amylolytic and lipolytic activity was lower than in healthy cows (P<0.05–0.01). Celluloselytic activity was lower only in cows with clinical ketosis. The proteolytic activity of rumen content changed in the opposite way; it was higher in sick cows (P<0.05–0.01). This is a consequence of the increase in the number and activity of hyper producing ammonia bacteria in the rumen, what is characteristic for ketosis. After treatment of cows with subclinical ketosis, the celluloselytic and amylolytic activities in the rumen fluid were equal to the corresponding indicators of healthy cows, and the proteolytic activity was even slightly lower (P<0.05) than in the control group. Treatment of cows with clinical form of ketosis was not as effective, although the general trends remained. During subclinical and clinical ketosis, a greater amount of ammonia was found in the rumen fluid (P<0.05–0.01), because of higher proteolytic activity. In both forms of ketosis, the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen decreased, and the concentration of lactate increased (P<0.05–0.01). After the treatment, these indicators in cows with subclinical ketosis approached the healthy animals, while the condition of cows
{"title":"The effect of therapeutic feed additive on rumen fermentation in cows with ketosis","authors":"S. Sachko","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that ionophoric antibiotics regulate ruminal fermentation, improve the utilization of feed protein, and prevent the occurrence of ketosis and steatosis in ruminants. Ionophoric antibiotics and β-acids of hops have a similar spectrum of biological activity, that is, they inhibit the vital activity of most gram-positive microorganisms of the rumen. Bacteria, like other living organisms, need vitamin E as an active antioxidant for cell membranes. The toxicity of tocopherol is very low, so adding it to the diet of ruminants in larger quantities can stimulate celluloselytic rumen bacteria and compensate for the negative effect of ionophores on fiber breakdown. Since rumen bacteria break down a significant part of dietary choline, methionine and carnitine, ruminants must receive them in a protected form, so their influence on rumen fermentation is insignificant. Three groups of cows of the Ukrainian dairy black-spotted breed with milk yields of 5 or more thousand kg during the previous lactation were formed: with signs of clinical ketosis — 4 animals; with subclinical ketosis — 5 animals and clinically healthy — 5 animals. For a month, cows with ketosis were given a treatment supplement containing crushed granules of hop cones (20 g), vitamin E (3 g), and rumen protected choline (50 g), methionine (20 g) and carnitine (1 g). Clinically healthy cows were used as control. In the blood of cows with subclinical ketosis, the additive increased the concentration of glucose and decreased the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate, these indicators were within the normal range. In cows with symptoms of clinical ketosis, using of the feed additive also reduced the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (P<0.01), but it was still higher than normal. In sick cows, amylolytic and lipolytic activity was lower than in healthy cows (P<0.05–0.01). Celluloselytic activity was lower only in cows with clinical ketosis. The proteolytic activity of rumen content changed in the opposite way; it was higher in sick cows (P<0.05–0.01). This is a consequence of the increase in the number and activity of hyper producing ammonia bacteria in the rumen, what is characteristic for ketosis. After treatment of cows with subclinical ketosis, the celluloselytic and amylolytic activities in the rumen fluid were equal to the corresponding indicators of healthy cows, and the proteolytic activity was even slightly lower (P<0.05) than in the control group. Treatment of cows with clinical form of ketosis was not as effective, although the general trends remained. During subclinical and clinical ketosis, a greater amount of ammonia was found in the rumen fluid (P<0.05–0.01), because of higher proteolytic activity. In both forms of ketosis, the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen decreased, and the concentration of lactate increased (P<0.05–0.01). After the treatment, these indicators in cows with subclinical ketosis approached the healthy animals, while the condition of cows","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87184916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.04.021
M. Lieshchova, A. Oliyar, V. Evert
Herbal preparations recommended in the treatment protocols for metabolic disorders are highly effective and less toxic than chemically synthesized ones. Plants of the Lamiaceae family, in particular Lavandula angustifolia, are known and widely used in the treatment and prevention of many diseases in humans and animals. In a 30-day experiment on model animals was studied the effect of dry herb narrow-leaved lavender on the rate of weight gain, metabolic parameters and the morphofunctional state of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. For this, two groups of white laboratory rats (n=7) consuming a high-fat diet for 30 days were formed. The experimental group was additionally given 5% of crushed dry lavender herb as part of the diet. We weighted the animals, calculated the average daily weight gain and at the end of the experiment determined the biochemical parameters of the blood, as well as assessed the macroscopic and microscopic changes in the internal organs. It was established that the addition of lavender to a high-fat diet led to increase in the average daily weight gain, and a significant increase in the absolute mass of the heart and liver compared to the control group. Among the biochemical parameters of the blood, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, as well as the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased significantly. A high-fat diet caused the development of granular degeneration in the kidneys, granular-fatty one in the liver, and the supplementation of the diet with lavender did not improve this condition.
{"title":"Influence of Lavandula angustifolia on metabolic indicators and morphofunctional state of rat organs with a high-fat diet","authors":"M. Lieshchova, A. Oliyar, V. Evert","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.04.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal preparations recommended in the treatment protocols for metabolic disorders are highly effective and less toxic than chemically synthesized ones. Plants of the Lamiaceae family, in particular Lavandula angustifolia, are known and widely used in the treatment and prevention of many diseases in humans and animals. In a 30-day experiment on model animals was studied the effect of dry herb narrow-leaved lavender on the rate of weight gain, metabolic parameters and the morphofunctional state of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. For this, two groups of white laboratory rats (n=7) consuming a high-fat diet for 30 days were formed. The experimental group was additionally given 5% of crushed dry lavender herb as part of the diet. We weighted the animals, calculated the average daily weight gain and at the end of the experiment determined the biochemical parameters of the blood, as well as assessed the macroscopic and microscopic changes in the internal organs. It was established that the addition of lavender to a high-fat diet led to increase in the average daily weight gain, and a significant increase in the absolute mass of the heart and liver compared to the control group. Among the biochemical parameters of the blood, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, as well as the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased significantly. A high-fat diet caused the development of granular degeneration in the kidneys, granular-fatty one in the liver, and the supplementation of the diet with lavender did not improve this condition.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84755760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.04.027
Т. Y. Prudius, О. Vishchur
The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage of study was carried out on lactating sows with suckling piglets, and then on weaned piglets up to 43 days of age. The second stage was carried out on young pigs from 43 to 165 days of life during fattening stage. For the study, two groups of sows of the 2–3 farrow were formed. The sows of the control group (C) were fed standard feed, and the experimental group (E) received standard feed with the addition of the “EnzActive Mix” feed additive in the amount 0.3 kg/t of feed. The suckling piglets received pre-starter feed from 5 days of age until weaning. The E group received the experimental feed additive in the amount of 500 g/t. Weaned piglets in the growing period continued to consume pre-starter feed. After the 43 day of life, the piglets in E group received the “EnzActive Mix” feed additive in the amount of 0.3 kg/t to the standard feed. It was found that during the experiment, which lasted 33 days, the live weight of sows decreased by 25 kg (C) and by 20 kg (E), which is 2.44% less (P<0.001). In the early age piglets in E group, there was a statistically significant increase in live weight on day 28 (P<0.001) or by 15.28% compared to C group. After fourteen days of growing, the piglets of E group had a significant increase in live weight (P<0.001) or 12.61%, compared to C group. The increase in live weight in E group is confirmed by the piglets average daily gain rise on 7.14% (P<0.001). The second (fattening) stage of the experiment showed that after adding the “EnzActive Mix” feed additive, from 43 to 80 days of life the average weight in the E group was 15.38% (P<0.001) higher than in C group, and also the increase in live weight by 14.55% (P<0.001) was admitted. We found out an increase in average daily weight gain by 17.27% (P<0.001) in the E group, pointing that the cost of feed to obtain 1 kg of weight gain was lower by 14.61% comparing to the C group. In the second fattening period from 81 to 118 days of life, the live weight in E group increased by 15.4% (P<0.001), live weight gain and average daily weight gain increased by 17.94% (P<0.001), compared to C group, whereas the feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain decreased by 15.38% (P˃0.001). In the third period of fattening, which lasted from 119 to 165 days of life, the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in E group was significantly lower by 9.06 (P˃0.001), and an increase in live weight and average daily weight gain by 9.86% (P<0.001) was noted.
{"title":"Efficacy of “EnzActive mix” feed additive in piglet growing","authors":"Т. Y. Prudius, О. Vishchur","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage of study was carried out on lactating sows with suckling piglets, and then on weaned piglets up to 43 days of age. The second stage was carried out on young pigs from 43 to 165 days of life during fattening stage. For the study, two groups of sows of the 2–3 farrow were formed. The sows of the control group (C) were fed standard feed, and the experimental group (E) received standard feed with the addition of the “EnzActive Mix” feed additive in the amount 0.3 kg/t of feed. The suckling piglets received pre-starter feed from 5 days of age until weaning. The E group received the experimental feed additive in the amount of 500 g/t. Weaned piglets in the growing period continued to consume pre-starter feed. After the 43 day of life, the piglets in E group received the “EnzActive Mix” feed additive in the amount of 0.3 kg/t to the standard feed. It was found that during the experiment, which lasted 33 days, the live weight of sows decreased by 25 kg (C) and by 20 kg (E), which is 2.44% less (P<0.001). In the early age piglets in E group, there was a statistically significant increase in live weight on day 28 (P<0.001) or by 15.28% compared to C group. After fourteen days of growing, the piglets of E group had a significant increase in live weight (P<0.001) or 12.61%, compared to C group. The increase in live weight in E group is confirmed by the piglets average daily gain rise on 7.14% (P<0.001). The second (fattening) stage of the experiment showed that after adding the “EnzActive Mix” feed additive, from 43 to 80 days of life the average weight in the E group was 15.38% (P<0.001) higher than in C group, and also the increase in live weight by 14.55% (P<0.001) was admitted. We found out an increase in average daily weight gain by 17.27% (P<0.001) in the E group, pointing that the cost of feed to obtain 1 kg of weight gain was lower by 14.61% comparing to the C group. In the second fattening period from 81 to 118 days of life, the live weight in E group increased by 15.4% (P<0.001), live weight gain and average daily weight gain increased by 17.94% (P<0.001), compared to C group, whereas the feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain decreased by 15.38% (P˃0.001). In the third period of fattening, which lasted from 119 to 165 days of life, the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in E group was significantly lower by 9.06 (P˃0.001), and an increase in live weight and average daily weight gain by 9.86% (P<0.001) was noted.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80002070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.04.017
V. Dzitsiuk, L. Starodub, T. Dyman
The article presents the results of research on the karyotype characteristics variability in purebred and crossbred dairy cows. The material for the research was peripheral blood samples of purebred firstborn cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy and Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breeds, as well as crossbred cows obtained from crossing Ukrainian red-spotted with Montbeliard bulls (DG “Nyva” SE of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M. V. Zubets NAAS. Preparation of cytogenetic preparations, analysis of morphology, identification and classification of chromosome aberrations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. We performed cell analysis with the Axiostar plus microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) under immersion magnification of 1000 times and took microphotographs. In all studies, the frequency of aberrant metaphases and the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were determined as parameters of chromosomal instability. The following signs were taken into account: the frequency of aneuploid and polyploid cells, cells with premature separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes (CRC), cells with structural aberrations of chromosomes (breaks, fragments and associations of non-homologous chromosomes). As a result of the analysis of karyotypes of firstborn cows of purebred and crossbred origin, it was established that the proportion of diploid cells in the norm is on average 85%. The remaining almost 15% are somatic cells with numerical and structural abnormalities. Crossbred cows have significantly higher frequencies (P<0.001) of aneuploid (one and a half times), polyploid (by 27%), structural aberrations of chromosomes (by 20%) than in purebred cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted and black-spotted dairy breeds. 15–20% more cells containing chromosomes with breaks and fragments were also found in crossbred firstborns. The results of the cytogenetic study indicate greater chromosomal instability in crossbred cows compared to purebred cows. One of the reasons for this phenomenon may be the influence of breeding methods, in particular crossbreeding.
本文介绍了纯种奶牛和杂交奶牛核型特征变异的研究结果。研究的材料是乌克兰红点奶牛和乌克兰黑点奶牛品种的纯种头胎奶牛的外周血样本，以及乌克兰红点奶牛与蒙贝利亚公牛(DG“Nyva”SE)杂交获得的杂交奶牛(以M. V. Zubets NAAS命名的动物育种和遗传研究所的DG“Nyva”SE)。按照普遍接受的方法进行细胞遗传学制剂的制备、形态分析、染色体畸变的鉴定和分类。我们使用德国卡尔蔡司(Carl Zeiss)的Axiostar plus显微镜进行细胞分析，浸泡放大1000倍，并拍摄显微照片。在所有的研究中，畸变中期的频率和染色体畸变谱被确定为染色体不稳定性的参数。考虑了以下迹象:非整倍体和多倍体细胞的频率，染色体着丝粒区过早分离的细胞(CRC)，染色体结构畸变的细胞(断裂，片段和非同源染色体的关联)。通过对纯种牛和杂交牛头胎的核型分析，确定了二倍体细胞的比例平均为85%。剩下的15%是数量和结构异常的体细胞。杂交奶牛的非整倍体(1.5倍)、多倍体(27%)和染色体结构畸变(20%)的频率显著高于乌克兰红点和黑点奶牛品种的纯种牛(P<0.001)。在杂交的长子中，含有断裂和碎片染色体的细胞也多出15-20%。细胞遗传学研究结果表明，与纯种奶牛相比，杂交奶牛的染色体不稳定性更大。造成这种现象的原因之一可能是育种方法的影响，特别是杂交育种。
{"title":"Chromosomal instability of purebred and crossbred dairy cows","authors":"V. Dzitsiuk, L. Starodub, T. Dyman","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the karyotype characteristics variability in purebred and crossbred dairy cows. The material for the research was peripheral blood samples of purebred firstborn cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy and Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breeds, as well as crossbred cows obtained from crossing Ukrainian red-spotted with Montbeliard bulls (DG “Nyva” SE of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M. V. Zubets NAAS. Preparation of cytogenetic preparations, analysis of morphology, identification and classification of chromosome aberrations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. We performed cell analysis with the Axiostar plus microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) under immersion magnification of 1000 times and took microphotographs. In all studies, the frequency of aberrant metaphases and the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were determined as parameters of chromosomal instability. The following signs were taken into account: the frequency of aneuploid and polyploid cells, cells with premature separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes (CRC), cells with structural aberrations of chromosomes (breaks, fragments and associations of non-homologous chromosomes). As a result of the analysis of karyotypes of firstborn cows of purebred and crossbred origin, it was established that the proportion of diploid cells in the norm is on average 85%. The remaining almost 15% are somatic cells with numerical and structural abnormalities. Crossbred cows have significantly higher frequencies (P<0.001) of aneuploid (one and a half times), polyploid (by 27%), structural aberrations of chromosomes (by 20%) than in purebred cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted and black-spotted dairy breeds. 15–20% more cells containing chromosomes with breaks and fragments were also found in crossbred firstborns. The results of the cytogenetic study indicate greater chromosomal instability in crossbred cows compared to purebred cows. One of the reasons for this phenomenon may be the influence of breeding methods, in particular crossbreeding.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75424267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.04.008
O. Nipot, N. A. Ershova, N. Shpakova, S. S. Ershov, O. Shapkina
The influence of temperature conditions on the level of damage of rabbit erythrocytes under posthypertonic shock and the level of their protection by amphiphilic compounds was investigated. We observed the maximum cell damage at 0°C. When the temperature increased to 20°C, the level of hemolysis decreased by 1.8 times. Further increase in temperature up to 37°C did not lead to a decrease in damage. The investigated amphiphilic compounds at 0°C and 10°C effectively protected rabbit erythrocytes from posthypertonic shock. Reduction of hemolytic damage was 2–3 times. At 20°C amphiphilic compounds did not affect the level of cell damage, and at 30°C and 37°C they increased it. The existence of temperature dependence of posthypertonic damage showed the involvement of the phospholipid component of the erythrocyte membrane in the process. Lower temperature is characterized by greater orderliness of lipids, its increase is accompanied by disorder and increased fluidity, and hence elasticity of the membrane. As a result, erythrocyte damage in posthypertonic shock is less at the temperature of 20–37°C. The addition of amphiphilic compounds at 0 and 10°C acts similarly to increasing the temperature, disorganizes the bilayer, increases the elasticity of the membrane and reduces damage during the transfer from hypertonic to isotonic solution. Above 20°C, the introduction of amphiphilic compounds leads not only to disorder, but also to the formation of mixed micelles consisting of phospholipids and amphiphilic molecules. This disrupts the bilayer, gives it instability and leads to increased damage of erythrocytes.
{"title":"Efficiency of amphiphilic compounds in rabbit erythrocytes posthypertonic shock depending on temperature conditions","authors":"O. Nipot, N. A. Ershova, N. Shpakova, S. S. Ershov, O. Shapkina","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of temperature conditions on the level of damage of rabbit erythrocytes under posthypertonic shock and the level of their protection by amphiphilic compounds was investigated. We observed the maximum cell damage at 0°C. When the temperature increased to 20°C, the level of hemolysis decreased by 1.8 times. Further increase in temperature up to 37°C did not lead to a decrease in damage. The investigated amphiphilic compounds at 0°C and 10°C effectively protected rabbit erythrocytes from posthypertonic shock. Reduction of hemolytic damage was 2–3 times. At 20°C amphiphilic compounds did not affect the level of cell damage, and at 30°C and 37°C they increased it. The existence of temperature dependence of posthypertonic damage showed the involvement of the phospholipid component of the erythrocyte membrane in the process. Lower temperature is characterized by greater orderliness of lipids, its increase is accompanied by disorder and increased fluidity, and hence elasticity of the membrane. As a result, erythrocyte damage in posthypertonic shock is less at the temperature of 20–37°C. The addition of amphiphilic compounds at 0 and 10°C acts similarly to increasing the temperature, disorganizes the bilayer, increases the elasticity of the membrane and reduces damage during the transfer from hypertonic to isotonic solution. Above 20°C, the introduction of amphiphilic compounds leads not only to disorder, but also to the formation of mixed micelles consisting of phospholipids and amphiphilic molecules. This disrupts the bilayer, gives it instability and leads to increased damage of erythrocytes.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86291006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.04.012
O. Sharan, V. Stefanyk
The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of feeding a liposomal vitamin and mineral supplement during the period of sexual rest on hematological indicators and quality of ram sperm. The experiment was conducted at the PE “Kogut BM” in Horodotsky district, Lviv region, on 12 clinically healthy Texel rams, aged 2–4 years, during the period of sexual rest (March-May). Animals were divided into two groups — control and experimental, 6 animals per group. The control rams received the basic diet containing hay, corn silage, and compound feed. For 45 days, the sheep of the experimental group were individually added to the combined feed a feed additive containing vitamins A, D3, E, C and zinc gluconate in the form of a liposomal emulsion. At the beginning and at the end of feeding, we took blood samples, in which hematological indicators were determined. After the end of supplement feeding, ejaculates were collected twice a week in doublets for three weeks. Physiological indicators of ejaculate quality (volume, sperm concentration, percentage of live sperm, as well as sperm viability, morphological disorders and percentage of degenerative sperm) were determined using the CASA computerized system. It was established that feeding liposomal vitamin-mineral supplements to rams during the period of sexual rest improves hematological indicators: the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets and hematocrit increase significantly (P<0.05–0.001) while the content of leukocytes decreases by 24.2% (P<0.05). Accordingly, the erythrocyte indices of the blood of experimental breeding rams were higher than those of control animals. Feeding rams with a liposomal vitamin and mineral supplement ensured an increase in ejaculate volume by 17.6% (P<0.05), sperm concentration (P<0.01), their viability, as well as a decrease in the number of immature (P<0.001) and degenerated (P<0.05) sperm. Higher quality indicators of ejaculates of rams under the influence of vitamins A, D3, E, C and zinc gluconate indicate the possibility of obtaining sperm from breeding rams during the period of sexual rest.
{"title":"Hematological indicators and sperm quality of rams during the sexual rest period when fed a liposomal vitamin and mineral supplement","authors":"O. Sharan, V. Stefanyk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of feeding a liposomal vitamin and mineral supplement during the period of sexual rest on hematological indicators and quality of ram sperm. The experiment was conducted at the PE “Kogut BM” in Horodotsky district, Lviv region, on 12 clinically healthy Texel rams, aged 2–4 years, during the period of sexual rest (March-May). Animals were divided into two groups — control and experimental, 6 animals per group. The control rams received the basic diet containing hay, corn silage, and compound feed. For 45 days, the sheep of the experimental group were individually added to the combined feed a feed additive containing vitamins A, D3, E, C and zinc gluconate in the form of a liposomal emulsion. At the beginning and at the end of feeding, we took blood samples, in which hematological indicators were determined. After the end of supplement feeding, ejaculates were collected twice a week in doublets for three weeks. Physiological indicators of ejaculate quality (volume, sperm concentration, percentage of live sperm, as well as sperm viability, morphological disorders and percentage of degenerative sperm) were determined using the CASA computerized system. It was established that feeding liposomal vitamin-mineral supplements to rams during the period of sexual rest improves hematological indicators: the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets and hematocrit increase significantly (P<0.05–0.001) while the content of leukocytes decreases by 24.2% (P<0.05). Accordingly, the erythrocyte indices of the blood of experimental breeding rams were higher than those of control animals. Feeding rams with a liposomal vitamin and mineral supplement ensured an increase in ejaculate volume by 17.6% (P<0.05), sperm concentration (P<0.01), their viability, as well as a decrease in the number of immature (P<0.001) and degenerated (P<0.05) sperm. Higher quality indicators of ejaculates of rams under the influence of vitamins A, D3, E, C and zinc gluconate indicate the possibility of obtaining sperm from breeding rams during the period of sexual rest.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.04.003
O. Voloshchuk, T. V. Luchyk
The research was conducted to study the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) and aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21), the levels of TBA reactive substances and protein carbonyl derivates in the cytosolic fraction of rat liver under the conditions of different dietary sucrose and protein content. The animals were distributed into the 4 experimental groups: group I — animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic feed (control group); group II — animals on a low-protein diet (LPD); III group — animals on a high-sucrose diet (HS); IV group — animals on a low-protein and high-sucrose diet (LPD/HS). It was found that in animals under conditions of dietary protein deficiency, there was a two-fold increase in the levels of TBA reactive substances and protein carbonyl derivates in the liver cytosolic fraction against the absence of changes in the aldehyde reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. At the same time, in animals on a high-sucrose diet, there was a significant accumulation of the TBA reactive substances and carbonyl derivatives in the liver cytosolic fraction along with a 2–2.5-fold increase in both aldehyde reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. The maximum accumulation of the products of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids along with the insufficient activation of the enzymes ensuring their catabolism can be considered as one of the possible mechanisms of liver cell damage under conditions of the low-protein/high-sucrose diet. The obtained results open new prospects for future studies of the mechanisms of endogenous aldehydes detoxification and further development of a strategy for the correction of metabolic liver disorders under the conditions of nutrient imbalance.
{"title":"Activity of the cytosolic enzymes of endogenous aldehydes catabolism under the conditions of different nutrients content in a diet","authors":"O. Voloshchuk, T. V. Luchyk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted to study the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) and aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21), the levels of TBA reactive substances and protein carbonyl derivates in the cytosolic fraction of rat liver under the conditions of different dietary sucrose and protein content. The animals were distributed into the 4 experimental groups: group I — animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic feed (control group); group II — animals on a low-protein diet (LPD); III group — animals on a high-sucrose diet (HS); IV group — animals on a low-protein and high-sucrose diet (LPD/HS). It was found that in animals under conditions of dietary protein deficiency, there was a two-fold increase in the levels of TBA reactive substances and protein carbonyl derivates in the liver cytosolic fraction against the absence of changes in the aldehyde reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. At the same time, in animals on a high-sucrose diet, there was a significant accumulation of the TBA reactive substances and carbonyl derivatives in the liver cytosolic fraction along with a 2–2.5-fold increase in both aldehyde reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. The maximum accumulation of the products of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids along with the insufficient activation of the enzymes ensuring their catabolism can be considered as one of the possible mechanisms of liver cell damage under conditions of the low-protein/high-sucrose diet. The obtained results open new prospects for future studies of the mechanisms of endogenous aldehydes detoxification and further development of a strategy for the correction of metabolic liver disorders under the conditions of nutrient imbalance.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85793607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.027
I. Ratych, A. Hunchak, Ya. M. Sirko, O. Stefanyshyn, B. Kyryliv, I. Chomyk
Egg production characterizes not only the economic efficiency of the poultry industry, but also the effect of various factors that contribute to the realization of the genetic potential in modern high-yielding breeds, crosses and lines, or suppress its processes. These factors include nutrition, which should take into account diet balancing according to certain nutrients, as well as their qualitative indicators. Nowadays on the feed market for farm animals there are the products characterized not only by a high protein content, but also by a high digestibility. Among others, a new innovative product — a sunflower concentrate “Proglot” developed by specialists of the “Potoky” Dnipro plant is noteworthy. According to the developers, in its manufacturing a unique nanotechnologies of sunflower seed processing were used — low-temperature extraction with maximal separation of the husk. Thus, “Proglot” can be more valuable for use in poultry feeding than high-protein soybean meal, due to the absence of “anti-nutrient” substances. The article presents the results of the study aimed to find out the productive qualities of laying hens fed a highly digestible protein with a high assimilation ratio into their diet. The experiment was conducted on the Lohmann brown breed laying hens. The control group received a compound feed containing soybean meal and sunflower meal (crude protein 17%), the 1st experimental group -— soybean meal and “Proglot” (high-protein concentrate crude protein 17%), and the 2nd experimental group — high-protein concentrate only (crude protein 15%). It was established that the replacement of soybean meal in the complex ration compound feed with the innovative product “Proglot” does not cause significant intergroup differences in the body weight of the hens during the experimental period. It was shown that the maximum increase in the proportion of digestible protein in the hens’ diet and the reduction of the fraction of protein that cannot be assimilated has a positive effect on the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of laying hens during the synthesis of egg components. At the same time, the poultry productivity increases: the indicators of laying hens of the 2nd research group exceeded the indicators of the analogues of the control and the 1st research groups by 2 and 4% (P<0.05), respectively, and the quality of the obtained products increases too — the absolute mass of egg protein (P<0.05) and shell strength (P<0.01).
{"title":"Laying hens productivity and quality of eggs at changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of feed protein","authors":"I. Ratych, A. Hunchak, Ya. M. Sirko, O. Stefanyshyn, B. Kyryliv, I. Chomyk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"Egg production characterizes not only the economic efficiency of the poultry industry, but also the effect of various factors that contribute to the realization of the genetic potential in modern high-yielding breeds, crosses and lines, or suppress its processes. These factors include nutrition, which should take into account diet balancing according to certain nutrients, as well as their qualitative indicators. Nowadays on the feed market for farm animals there are the products characterized not only by a high protein content, but also by a high digestibility. Among others, a new innovative product — a sunflower concentrate “Proglot” developed by specialists of the “Potoky” Dnipro plant is noteworthy. According to the developers, in its manufacturing a unique nanotechnologies of sunflower seed processing were used — low-temperature extraction with maximal separation of the husk. Thus, “Proglot” can be more valuable for use in poultry feeding than high-protein soybean meal, due to the absence of “anti-nutrient” substances. The article presents the results of the study aimed to find out the productive qualities of laying hens fed a highly digestible protein with a high assimilation ratio into their diet. The experiment was conducted on the Lohmann brown breed laying hens. The control group received a compound feed containing soybean meal and sunflower meal (crude protein 17%), the 1st experimental group -— soybean meal and “Proglot” (high-protein concentrate crude protein 17%), and the 2nd experimental group — high-protein concentrate only (crude protein 15%). It was established that the replacement of soybean meal in the complex ration compound feed with the innovative product “Proglot” does not cause significant intergroup differences in the body weight of the hens during the experimental period. It was shown that the maximum increase in the proportion of digestible protein in the hens’ diet and the reduction of the fraction of protein that cannot be assimilated has a positive effect on the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of laying hens during the synthesis of egg components. At the same time, the poultry productivity increases: the indicators of laying hens of the 2nd research group exceeded the indicators of the analogues of the control and the 1st research groups by 2 and 4% (P<0.05), respectively, and the quality of the obtained products increases too — the absolute mass of egg protein (P<0.05) and shell strength (P<0.01).","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75219485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol24.03.033
N. Rudyk-Leuska, M. Khyzhnyak, A. Makarenko, M. Leuskyi
The current state of the quantitative and qualitative development of zooplankton in the Kakhovka Reservoir is examined. The species composition, the representation of taxonomic groups, the number and biomass of zooplankton in the summer period of 2020–2021 were determined. The average number of zooplankton in the summer of 2020 in the studied areas (Bilenke village, Bilenke-Malokaterynivka station, vicinity of Malokaterynivka village) was 40.833 units/m3 with the biomass 0.245 g/m3, in the summer of 2021 — 110,932 units/m3 with the biomass 0.652 g/m3. Rotifers formed the basis of the number and biomass of zooplankton in the summer of 2020 (76% and 86%). Cladocera both in number and biomass (5% and 7%) and copepod (18% and 6%, respectively) had a significantly lower level of development in the reservoir. Dreissena polymorpha larvae were found in a small amount (1%) and biomass (0.1%). In the summer period of 2021, rotifers also formed the basis of the number and biomass of zooplankton (72% and 68%). Cladocera both in number (8%) and biomass (14%), and the copepod (19% and 18%, respectively) reached a lower level of development in the reservoir. As in the previous year, the larva of D. polymorpha was found in a small amount (1%) and biomass (0.1%). In the summer of 2020, the basis of the number and biomass of rotifers was formed by: Asplanchna brightwelli (24% and 40%), Asplanchna priodonta (7% and 24%), Synchaeta pectinata (13% and 8%), Brachionus calyciflorus (6% and 6%), Euchlanis dilatata (6% and 2%, respectively), in the summer of 2021 A. brightwelli (16% and 27%), A. priodonta (5% and 19%), S. pectinata (12% and 8%), E. dilatata (7% and 2%), B. calyciflorus (6% and 6%), Brachionus diversicornis (5% and 2%, respectively). Chydorus sphaericus dominated in number (4%) and biomass (7%) among Cladocera in 2020, and C. sphaericus also dominated in number (7%) and biomass (12%) in 2021. In 2020, copepod in the reservoir are mainly represented by nauplial (17% and 6%) stages, and in 2021 by nauplial (12% and 4%) and copepod (4% and 3%) stages, as well as Diaptomus juv. (1% and 8%), Cyclops sp. (2% and 3%, respectively).
{"title":"The current state of the zooplankton in the Kakhovka reservoir","authors":"N. Rudyk-Leuska, M. Khyzhnyak, A. Makarenko, M. Leuskyi","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.03.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.03.033","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of the quantitative and qualitative development of zooplankton in the Kakhovka Reservoir is examined. The species composition, the representation of taxonomic groups, the number and biomass of zooplankton in the summer period of 2020–2021 were determined. The average number of zooplankton in the summer of 2020 in the studied areas (Bilenke village, Bilenke-Malokaterynivka station, vicinity of Malokaterynivka village) was 40.833 units/m3 with the biomass 0.245 g/m3, in the summer of 2021 — 110,932 units/m3 with the biomass 0.652 g/m3. Rotifers formed the basis of the number and biomass of zooplankton in the summer of 2020 (76% and 86%). Cladocera both in number and biomass (5% and 7%) and copepod (18% and 6%, respectively) had a significantly lower level of development in the reservoir. Dreissena polymorpha larvae were found in a small amount (1%) and biomass (0.1%). In the summer period of 2021, rotifers also formed the basis of the number and biomass of zooplankton (72% and 68%). Cladocera both in number (8%) and biomass (14%), and the copepod (19% and 18%, respectively) reached a lower level of development in the reservoir. As in the previous year, the larva of D. polymorpha was found in a small amount (1%) and biomass (0.1%). In the summer of 2020, the basis of the number and biomass of rotifers was formed by: Asplanchna brightwelli (24% and 40%), Asplanchna priodonta (7% and 24%), Synchaeta pectinata (13% and 8%), Brachionus calyciflorus (6% and 6%), Euchlanis dilatata (6% and 2%, respectively), in the summer of 2021 A. brightwelli (16% and 27%), A. priodonta (5% and 19%), S. pectinata (12% and 8%), E. dilatata (7% and 2%), B. calyciflorus (6% and 6%), Brachionus diversicornis (5% and 2%, respectively). Chydorus sphaericus dominated in number (4%) and biomass (7%) among Cladocera in 2020, and C. sphaericus also dominated in number (7%) and biomass (12%) in 2021. In 2020, copepod in the reservoir are mainly represented by nauplial (17% and 6%) stages, and in 2021 by nauplial (12% and 4%) and copepod (4% and 3%) stages, as well as Diaptomus juv. (1% and 8%), Cyclops sp. (2% and 3%, respectively).","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84890463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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