Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.02.014
V. Kozyr
An integrated assessment of the productivity of precocious Hereford and Aberdeen Angus beef bulls of English breeding in the Ukraine Steppe zone conditions was carried out. It has been established that livestock from the seaside climate have adapted to the dry, hot environment of the Steppe zone, as evidenced by the clinical indicators of the animals’ bodies. Livestock developed harmoniously, external measurements and indices of body structure were within the limits of breed standards. Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds bulls under pasture-free maintenance and rearing conditions for up to 2.5 years at the end of fattening had high productivity — 688 and 531 kg of body weight, respectively. The bulls were with a harmoniously developed body and perfectly expressed meat forms. The bulls were of compact build with a developed deep chest, a full back part of the body, which is characteristic of cattle with a strong constitution and potentially high meat productivity. The relative growth rate of the bulls during the study was in the range of 19–22%. Therefore, Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds are the future of meat cattle breeding in Ukraine to increase the production of high-quality “marble” beef. Compared to Aberdeen Angus, Herefords differ in slightly larger habit, massiveness, growth energy, feed conversion, slaughter indicators, balanced morphological composition of carcasses, meatiness ratio. Absolute and relative increases in body weight confirm the high genetic potential of meat productivity — 18–24-month-old bulls have reached sales conditions. Today, their number is small, and reproduction requires a certain amount of time and money, so we believe that the breeding period can be extended to 30 months. In the period of formation of the meat cattle breeding industry, it is possible to raise young animals up to 30 months of age without deterioration of slaughter performance and culinary and taste qualities of beef in accordance with consumer requirements.
{"title":"Integrated assessment of bulls of precocious meat breeds of English selection in the conditions of Ukraine","authors":"V. Kozyr","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated assessment of the productivity of precocious Hereford and Aberdeen Angus beef bulls of English breeding in the Ukraine Steppe zone conditions was carried out. It has been established that livestock from the seaside climate have adapted to the dry, hot environment of the Steppe zone, as evidenced by the clinical indicators of the animals’ bodies. Livestock developed harmoniously, external measurements and indices of body structure were within the limits of breed standards. Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds bulls under pasture-free maintenance and rearing conditions for up to 2.5 years at the end of fattening had high productivity — 688 and 531 kg of body weight, respectively. The bulls were with a harmoniously developed body and perfectly expressed meat forms. The bulls were of compact build with a developed deep chest, a full back part of the body, which is characteristic of cattle with a strong constitution and potentially high meat productivity. The relative growth rate of the bulls during the study was in the range of 19–22%. Therefore, Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds are the future of meat cattle breeding in Ukraine to increase the production of high-quality “marble” beef. Compared to Aberdeen Angus, Herefords differ in slightly larger habit, massiveness, growth energy, feed conversion, slaughter indicators, balanced morphological composition of carcasses, meatiness ratio. Absolute and relative increases in body weight confirm the high genetic potential of meat productivity — 18–24-month-old bulls have reached sales conditions. Today, their number is small, and reproduction requires a certain amount of time and money, so we believe that the breeding period can be extended to 30 months. In the period of formation of the meat cattle breeding industry, it is possible to raise young animals up to 30 months of age without deterioration of slaughter performance and culinary and taste qualities of beef in accordance with consumer requirements.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77683234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.02.003
M. Kozak, I. Petruh
Complexes of polyphosphate esters with antibiotics were developed in Lviv Polytechnic National University together with scientists of Institute of Animal Biology NAAS to reduce the negative impact of antibiotics on the animal body. The conducted experiments allow assessing the effect of antibiotics, polyphosphate esters and complexes of polyphosphate esters with antibiotics on the body of laboratory animals based on biochemical markers of hepato- and nephrotoxicity. The antibiotics were administered in average daily therapeutic doses. It was found that the physiological state of mice and their blood biochemical indicators were within physiological normal values after the administration of polyphosphate ester P4 and complexes of polyphosphate ester P4+antibiotics (amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline). At the same time, intramuscular administration of polyphosphate ester P6 and complexes of P6+antibiotics have a certain negative effect on mice, which is manifested by changes in the activity of marker enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We found an increase in AST and ALT activities. P6+amoxicillin and P6+oxytetracycline complexes increased ALP activity. Complexes P4+antibiotics decreased ALP. Blood urea content decreased after the administration of polyphosphate ester P6 by 38.5%, P6+oxytetracycline by 26.9%, P6+doxycillin by 21.8%. P6+amoxicillin complex caused a significant increase by 237% in the concentration of creatinine in the blood of mice. The changes of blood creatinine concentration of other experimental groups fell within normal physiological range. Conducted studies of blood biochemical characteristics of mice under the action of new complexes of nanobiopolymer transporters with antibiotics ensured the selection of antibacterial drugs with low toxicity.
{"title":"Blood biochemical parameters in mice under the action of polyphosphate esters and their complexes with antibiotics","authors":"M. Kozak, I. Petruh","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Complexes of polyphosphate esters with antibiotics were developed in Lviv Polytechnic National University together with scientists of Institute of Animal Biology NAAS to reduce the negative impact of antibiotics on the animal body. The conducted experiments allow assessing the effect of antibiotics, polyphosphate esters and complexes of polyphosphate esters with antibiotics on the body of laboratory animals based on biochemical markers of hepato- and nephrotoxicity. The antibiotics were administered in average daily therapeutic doses. It was found that the physiological state of mice and their blood biochemical indicators were within physiological normal values after the administration of polyphosphate ester P4 and complexes of polyphosphate ester P4+antibiotics (amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline). At the same time, intramuscular administration of polyphosphate ester P6 and complexes of P6+antibiotics have a certain negative effect on mice, which is manifested by changes in the activity of marker enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We found an increase in AST and ALT activities. P6+amoxicillin and P6+oxytetracycline complexes increased ALP activity. Complexes P4+antibiotics decreased ALP. Blood urea content decreased after the administration of polyphosphate ester P6 by 38.5%, P6+oxytetracycline by 26.9%, P6+doxycillin by 21.8%. P6+amoxicillin complex caused a significant increase by 237% in the concentration of creatinine in the blood of mice. The changes of blood creatinine concentration of other experimental groups fell within normal physiological range. Conducted studies of blood biochemical characteristics of mice under the action of new complexes of nanobiopolymer transporters with antibiotics ensured the selection of antibacterial drugs with low toxicity.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87193686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.02.037
N. I. Lytvyniuk, A. Ersteniuk
The paper presents the results of studies of the energy drink influence on the state of the glutathione system of the rat brain. Energy tonics belong to a group of drinks containing a large number of active components that are able to stimulate the central nervous system of a person and to increase physical performance, as well as to affect circadian rhythms, extending the period of wakefulness. Literary sources also indicate the negative impact of energy drinks on certain functional systems of the human body. The study was carried out on white rats of the Wistar line weighing 180–200 g, which were on a standard vivarium diet under regulated microclimate parameters (humidity, lighting and temperature regime). All experiments on animals were conducted in compliance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986). A non-inhalation method of anesthesia was used to collect the necessary material, namely intramuscular injection of sodium thiopental at the rate of 60 mg/kg. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups according to the logical criterion of sample formation: 1st (control group) — rats received drinking water; 2nd — the animals received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 1st day after the end of energy drink consumption; 3rd — animals that received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 10th day after the end of the experiment; 4th — the animals received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 20th day after the end of the experiment; 5th — the rats received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 30th day after the end of the experiment. Determination of the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase) and the enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) was performed using the enzymatic method. The consumption of an energy drink by experimental groups of animals leads to changes in the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system: an increase in the activity of glutathione reductase in the 2nd, 4th, 5th groups, at the same time as a decrease in the activity of this enzyme in representatives of the 3rd group of animals, the activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the 4th, 5th and decreased in 2nd and 3rd groups, an increase in glutathione transferase activity was observed in all experimental animals. The activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in 2.3 and decreased in 4.5 studied groups. The obtained results demonstrated a significant influence of the energy drink on the state of antioxidant protection of the brain tissues of experimental animals, in particular on the state of the glutathione system. The interpretation of enzyme activity indicators proves that energy group drinks can lead
{"title":"The state of the glutathione system of the cerebral of rats under the conditions of energy drink consumption","authors":"N. I. Lytvyniuk, A. Ersteniuk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.02.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studies of the energy drink influence on the state of the glutathione system of the rat brain. Energy tonics belong to a group of drinks containing a large number of active components that are able to stimulate the central nervous system of a person and to increase physical performance, as well as to affect circadian rhythms, extending the period of wakefulness. Literary sources also indicate the negative impact of energy drinks on certain functional systems of the human body. The study was carried out on white rats of the Wistar line weighing 180–200 g, which were on a standard vivarium diet under regulated microclimate parameters (humidity, lighting and temperature regime). All experiments on animals were conducted in compliance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986). A non-inhalation method of anesthesia was used to collect the necessary material, namely intramuscular injection of sodium thiopental at the rate of 60 mg/kg. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups according to the logical criterion of sample formation: 1st (control group) — rats received drinking water; 2nd — the animals received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 1st day after the end of energy drink consumption; 3rd — animals that received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 10th day after the end of the experiment; 4th — the animals received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 20th day after the end of the experiment; 5th — the rats received an energy drink for a month, the material was collected on the 30th day after the end of the experiment. Determination of the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase) and the enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) was performed using the enzymatic method. The consumption of an energy drink by experimental groups of animals leads to changes in the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system: an increase in the activity of glutathione reductase in the 2nd, 4th, 5th groups, at the same time as a decrease in the activity of this enzyme in representatives of the 3rd group of animals, the activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the 4th, 5th and decreased in 2nd and 3rd groups, an increase in glutathione transferase activity was observed in all experimental animals. The activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in 2.3 and decreased in 4.5 studied groups. The obtained results demonstrated a significant influence of the energy drink on the state of antioxidant protection of the brain tissues of experimental animals, in particular on the state of the glutathione system. The interpretation of enzyme activity indicators proves that energy group drinks can lead ","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81323793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.02.023
O. Chechet, V. Kovalenko, O. I. Horbatyuk, N. V. Kuryata, G. A. Buchkovska, I. Musiets, L. V. Shalimova, D. Ordynska, L. V. Balanchuk, N. Shchur, L. V. Togachynska
The development of organic livestock farming, in particular poultry farming, which Ukraine is targeting, requires a radical change in approaches to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The macroorganism and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract constitute a single ecological system with homeostatic balance. However, its violation creates a threat of an imbalance of intestinal normal flora and the development of diseases of bacterial etiology in poultry. Considering this, there is a growing need for the development and use of probiotic preparations. The high antagonistic potential of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in relation to other pathogens causes scientific and industrial interest in the development of probiotics with their involvement in the composition of these bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. But due to the existence of risks of direct transfer of R-plasmids of antibiotic resistance to the biotic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract together with probiotic strains when they acquire resistance, promising strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus should be tested for sensitivity to antibiotic drugs. We selected promising probiotic strains with a high level of antagonism, Bacillus subtilis Bs-5 and Bs-9, Bacillus licheniformis Bfl-1 and Bfl-4, Bacillus coagulans Bcg-5, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Baf-1 and Baf-3 showed full sensitivity to the applied antibiotics — representatives of the groups of carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, lincosamides, macroliths and oxazolidones. These strains were recommended as probiotic, antibiotic sensitive, safe and promising for their use in the design of probiotic preparations. The obtained results of laboratory studies of other strains of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. coagulans, B. amyloliquefaciens proved the presence among them of bacteria polyresistant to fluoroquinolone, carbapenem, macrolide and glycopeptide antibiotics.
{"title":"On sensitivity to antibacterial preparations of strains of Bacillus spp. with a high level of antagonistic activity for the production of probiotics","authors":"O. Chechet, V. Kovalenko, O. I. Horbatyuk, N. V. Kuryata, G. A. Buchkovska, I. Musiets, L. V. Shalimova, D. Ordynska, L. V. Balanchuk, N. Shchur, L. V. Togachynska","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.02.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"The development of organic livestock farming, in particular poultry farming, which Ukraine is targeting, requires a radical change in approaches to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The macroorganism and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract constitute a single ecological system with homeostatic balance. However, its violation creates a threat of an imbalance of intestinal normal flora and the development of diseases of bacterial etiology in poultry. Considering this, there is a growing need for the development and use of probiotic preparations. The high antagonistic potential of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in relation to other pathogens causes scientific and industrial interest in the development of probiotics with their involvement in the composition of these bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. But due to the existence of risks of direct transfer of R-plasmids of antibiotic resistance to the biotic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract together with probiotic strains when they acquire resistance, promising strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus should be tested for sensitivity to antibiotic drugs. We selected promising probiotic strains with a high level of antagonism, Bacillus subtilis Bs-5 and Bs-9, Bacillus licheniformis Bfl-1 and Bfl-4, Bacillus coagulans Bcg-5, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Baf-1 and Baf-3 showed full sensitivity to the applied antibiotics — representatives of the groups of carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, lincosamides, macroliths and oxazolidones. These strains were recommended as probiotic, antibiotic sensitive, safe and promising for their use in the design of probiotic preparations. The obtained results of laboratory studies of other strains of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. coagulans, B. amyloliquefaciens proved the presence among them of bacteria polyresistant to fluoroquinolone, carbapenem, macrolide and glycopeptide antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78517991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.009
V. Fedorovych, I. V. Shpyt, Y. Fedorovych, Т. М. Supovych
Data on the influence of environmental factors on the milk productivity formation of cows in different climatic zones of Ukraine are presented. It was established that animals bred in the steppe zone had the highest milk yield, milk fat content, and milk fat output, and animals from the Polissia zone had the lowest values. Among the cows from different breeding zones, intergroup differentiation was also observed by milk productivity depending on the year and season of their birth. In the forest steppe zone, the highest productivity was noted for the first-calf heifers born in 2011, in the Polissia and steppe zones — for the animals born in 2015, and for the third lactation in all breeding zones, the cows born in 2015 were the most productive. A curvilinear intergroup differentiation based on the characteristics of milk productivity was also noted between animals with different seasons of birth. The highest milk yields at “Oleksandrivske” State Enterprise and “Named after Volovikov” Joint Stock Company LLC were obtained from the first-calf heifers born in the autumn period, and at Research Farm “Askaniiske” Research State Enterprise — from animals born in summer. During the third lactation, the cows born in autumn were the most productive in all breeding zones and whose first calving occurred in the steppe zone in the spring period, in the forest steppe and Polissia zones — in autumn. The year of birth and the breeding zone had the most significant effect on fertility and fat content in milk, and it was stronger in first-calf heifers, and the season of birth of animals had the least effect on signs of milk productivity.
{"title":"The signs of milk productivity of cows bred in different climatic zones depending on the year and season of their birth","authors":"V. Fedorovych, I. V. Shpyt, Y. Fedorovych, Т. М. Supovych","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the influence of environmental factors on the milk productivity formation of cows in different climatic zones of Ukraine are presented. It was established that animals bred in the steppe zone had the highest milk yield, milk fat content, and milk fat output, and animals from the Polissia zone had the lowest values. Among the cows from different breeding zones, intergroup differentiation was also observed by milk productivity depending on the year and season of their birth. In the forest steppe zone, the highest productivity was noted for the first-calf heifers born in 2011, in the Polissia and steppe zones — for the animals born in 2015, and for the third lactation in all breeding zones, the cows born in 2015 were the most productive. A curvilinear intergroup differentiation based on the characteristics of milk productivity was also noted between animals with different seasons of birth. The highest milk yields at “Oleksandrivske” State Enterprise and “Named after Volovikov” Joint Stock Company LLC were obtained from the first-calf heifers born in the autumn period, and at Research Farm “Askaniiske” Research State Enterprise — from animals born in summer. During the third lactation, the cows born in autumn were the most productive in all breeding zones and whose first calving occurred in the steppe zone in the spring period, in the forest steppe and Polissia zones — in autumn. The year of birth and the breeding zone had the most significant effect on fertility and fat content in milk, and it was stronger in first-calf heifers, and the season of birth of animals had the least effect on signs of milk productivity.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73581930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.032
B. Kotyk
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of ethylthiosulfаnylate, a representative of the class of thiosulfonate compounds, in combination with vitamin E on certain biochemical blood parameters, hematological indicators and total Chromium content in liver of rats exposed to Cr(VI). Laboratory rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 animals each. Animals of group I (intact control) were injected daily intraperitoneally with 150 μl of physiological saline solution for 7 days. Rats of III/IV groups received intraperitoneal daily administration of K2Cr2O7 (diluted in physiological saline solution at a dose of 2.5 mg Cr(VI)/kg) for 7/14 days. Animals of the II experimental group were injected daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of sunflower oil for 14 days. Rats of V/VI experimental groups were administrated daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of an oil solution of vitamin E (20 mg/kg)/vitamin E (20 mg/kg) in combination with ethylthiosulfаnylate (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Animals of VII/VIII experimental groups were injected daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of an oil solution of vitamin E (20 mg/kg) in combination with ethylthiosulfаnylate (100 mg/kg) for 14 days, after which a 7-day/14-day period of intraperitoneal K2Cr2O7 administration was performed. Exposure to Cr(VI) led to a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, content of hemoglobin, phospholipids, total protein against the background of the accumulation of total lipids, mono- and diglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and creatinine in blood of rats. Chromium concentration significantly increased in the liver of rats after administration of Cr(VI). The combined effect of vitamin E and ethylthiosulfаnylate contributed to the partial compensation of Cr(VI)-induced disturbances of the number of leukocytes and content of total proteins, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids in blood of rats. Vitamin E and ethylthiosulfаnylate pretreatment also contributed to the reduction of the percentage accumulation of Chromium in liver of rats injected with Cr(VI).
{"title":"Effect of ethylthiosulfаnylate in combination with vitamin E on certain biochemical blood parameters and hematological indicators in rats under the influence of Cr(VI)","authors":"B. Kotyk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of ethylthiosulfаnylate, a representative of the class of thiosulfonate compounds, in combination with vitamin E on certain biochemical blood parameters, hematological indicators and total Chromium content in liver of rats exposed to Cr(VI). Laboratory rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 animals each. Animals of group I (intact control) were injected daily intraperitoneally with 150 μl of physiological saline solution for 7 days. Rats of III/IV groups received intraperitoneal daily administration of K2Cr2O7 (diluted in physiological saline solution at a dose of 2.5 mg Cr(VI)/kg) for 7/14 days. Animals of the II experimental group were injected daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of sunflower oil for 14 days. Rats of V/VI experimental groups were administrated daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of an oil solution of vitamin E (20 mg/kg)/vitamin E (20 mg/kg) in combination with ethylthiosulfаnylate (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Animals of VII/VIII experimental groups were injected daily intragastrically with 1000 μl of an oil solution of vitamin E (20 mg/kg) in combination with ethylthiosulfаnylate (100 mg/kg) for 14 days, after which a 7-day/14-day period of intraperitoneal K2Cr2O7 administration was performed. Exposure to Cr(VI) led to a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, content of hemoglobin, phospholipids, total protein against the background of the accumulation of total lipids, mono- and diglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and creatinine in blood of rats. Chromium concentration significantly increased in the liver of rats after administration of Cr(VI). The combined effect of vitamin E and ethylthiosulfаnylate contributed to the partial compensation of Cr(VI)-induced disturbances of the number of leukocytes and content of total proteins, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids in blood of rats. Vitamin E and ethylthiosulfаnylate pretreatment also contributed to the reduction of the percentage accumulation of Chromium in liver of rats injected with Cr(VI).","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74363273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.046
P. Stapay, О. S. Tiutiunnyk, N. Stakhiv, N. Pakholkiv
The data from literature and our own research on the chemical and biochemical composition of muscle tissue, its biological functions and nutritional value are summarized in the article. The data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of meat of different animal species, including beef, veal, pork and lamb are generalized. It is shown that sheep meat is characterized by nutritional, taste and dietary properties. In terms of biological value, it is not inferior to beef and pork, and even superior in other respects. For example, lamb contains the same amount of protein and amino acids as beef and pork, and it contains more fat than beef, which makes it higher in calories. Lamb is a good source of vitamins and minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, and Іron), and its content of Copper and Zinc is significantly higher than that of other meats. On the global market, lamb is valued higher than other types of meat. Carcasses of young lambs weighing 13–16 kg are in particularly high demand. The dietary value of young lamb is due to its protein composition, high content of vitamins A and E and group B, lipids, in particular phospholipids. However, although sheep meat is characterized by high nutritional and biological properties, its disadvantage is a significant content of saturated fatty acids, which is associated with the processes of rumen biohydrogenation. Thus, the problem of increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lamb is extremely important for human health. With this aim, various biologically active additives are widely used in animal feeding, which can directly or indirectly increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their products. In particular, antioxidants are widely used to prevent double bond peroxidation and there by increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in products. Rearing and fattening lambs is biologically feasible and economically profitable until they reach a live weight of 40–50 kg, as during this period the growth of muscle tissue is the largest compared to fat deposition, and feed consumption is the lowest.
{"title":"Biological features of meat productivity formation in sheep","authors":"P. Stapay, О. S. Tiutiunnyk, N. Stakhiv, N. Pakholkiv","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.046","url":null,"abstract":"The data from literature and our own research on the chemical and biochemical composition of muscle tissue, its biological functions and nutritional value are summarized in the article. The data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of meat of different animal species, including beef, veal, pork and lamb are generalized. It is shown that sheep meat is characterized by nutritional, taste and dietary properties. In terms of biological value, it is not inferior to beef and pork, and even superior in other respects. For example, lamb contains the same amount of protein and amino acids as beef and pork, and it contains more fat than beef, which makes it higher in calories. Lamb is a good source of vitamins and minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, and Іron), and its content of Copper and Zinc is significantly higher than that of other meats. On the global market, lamb is valued higher than other types of meat. Carcasses of young lambs weighing 13–16 kg are in particularly high demand. The dietary value of young lamb is due to its protein composition, high content of vitamins A and E and group B, lipids, in particular phospholipids. However, although sheep meat is characterized by high nutritional and biological properties, its disadvantage is a significant content of saturated fatty acids, which is associated with the processes of rumen biohydrogenation. Thus, the problem of increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lamb is extremely important for human health. With this aim, various biologically active additives are widely used in animal feeding, which can directly or indirectly increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their products. In particular, antioxidants are widely used to prevent double bond peroxidation and there by increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in products. Rearing and fattening lambs is biologically feasible and economically profitable until they reach a live weight of 40–50 kg, as during this period the growth of muscle tissue is the largest compared to fat deposition, and feed consumption is the lowest.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.003
T. Schwarz, P. Jaroš, R. Tuz, J. Nowicki, Stephanie St. Jules, M. Małopolska, M. Sharan, P. Bartlewski
We determined the effects of oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin F2α analogue (PG) added to extended boar semen on the duration of artificial insemination (AI) and reproductive performance of pigs bred in July and August (temperate climate of Central Europe). Eighty gilts and second parity sows (G+SP) and sixty-four multiparous sows (M) were divided into three groups. Group OT (11 G+SP and 37 M) and group PG (20 G+SP and 28 M) were artificially inseminated twice (at the onset of estrus and 22–24 h later) using extended semen supplemented with 20 IU of OT or 5 mg of PG, respectively. Thirty-three G+SP and 15 M served as controls (C) inseminated with non-supplemented semen. The mean duration of the first AI was shorter (P<0.05) in M compared with G+SP females inseminated with PG-supplemented semen (80±22 s vs. 191±26 s, respectively), whereas the second AI was shorter (P<0.05) in M than in G+SP artificially inseminated with OT-supplemented semen (93±15 s vs. 192±28 s). The mean pregnancy rate was lower (P<0.05) in C G+SP (26/33; 85%) compared with OT G+SP females (11/11; 100%). The OT M females had more (P<0.05) stillborn piglets per litter compared with their G+SP counterparts (0.8±0.1 vs. 0.1±0.3). In summary, the addition of PG was associated with shorter first AI times in multiparous sows compared with G+SP, but with lower farrowing rates in younger animals. Oxytocin supplementation was associated with a shorter second AI and higher pregnancy rates in young females, but more stillborn piglets per litter in older sows.
{"title":"Effects of supplemental oxytocin or prostaglandin F2α analogue in extended boar semen on piglet productivity of gilts and sows artificially inseminated in summer","authors":"T. Schwarz, P. Jaroš, R. Tuz, J. Nowicki, Stephanie St. Jules, M. Małopolska, M. Sharan, P. Bartlewski","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"We determined the effects of oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin F2α analogue (PG) added to extended boar semen on the duration of artificial insemination (AI) and reproductive performance of pigs bred in July and August (temperate climate of Central Europe). Eighty gilts and second parity sows (G+SP) and sixty-four multiparous sows (M) were divided into three groups. Group OT (11 G+SP and 37 M) and group PG (20 G+SP and 28 M) were artificially inseminated twice (at the onset of estrus and 22–24 h later) using extended semen supplemented with 20 IU of OT or 5 mg of PG, respectively. Thirty-three G+SP and 15 M served as controls (C) inseminated with non-supplemented semen. The mean duration of the first AI was shorter (P<0.05) in M compared with G+SP females inseminated with PG-supplemented semen (80±22 s vs. 191±26 s, respectively), whereas the second AI was shorter (P<0.05) in M than in G+SP artificially inseminated with OT-supplemented semen (93±15 s vs. 192±28 s). The mean pregnancy rate was lower (P<0.05) in C G+SP (26/33; 85%) compared with OT G+SP females (11/11; 100%). The OT M females had more (P<0.05) stillborn piglets per litter compared with their G+SP counterparts (0.8±0.1 vs. 0.1±0.3). In summary, the addition of PG was associated with shorter first AI times in multiparous sows compared with G+SP, but with lower farrowing rates in younger animals. Oxytocin supplementation was associated with a shorter second AI and higher pregnancy rates in young females, but more stillborn piglets per litter in older sows.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76085262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.015
V. Kozyr, A. V. Denisyuk, H. G. Dimchya, A. Maistrenko, O. Grabovska
We have studied the reproductive abilities of the animals and the development of the offspring during the post-sucking period on cows of the Gray Ukrainian breed in the 1st–3rd lactations. To evaluate the cows and the offspring, in addition to traditional signs, indicators of net energy of body maintenance and net energy of growth were introduced, as integrated indicators of the state of the organism, which depend to a greater extent on the origin than on the conditions of keeping. We have established that the researched population of animals of the Gray Ukrainian breed in the ecological and fodder conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine shows excellent maternal instincts, reproductive function and small foetus rate not lower than the standard for the breed, almost equal distribution of offspring by sex. The yield of calves per 100 cows is 97–98%, live weight of calves at birth is 25–26 kg for heifers and 27–28 kg for bulls; high milk yield: the weaning live weight at 8 months of age is 200 kg for heifers and 230 kg for bulls, the service period of cows for 1–3 lactation period is 155–91 days, the intercalving period is 433–371 days, the small foetus coefficient is 0.54–0.49, net energy for maintaining vital activity in cows is 40–45 MJ and in newborn calves — 4.5–4.6 MJ, the net energy of growth of young calves when weaned from their mothers is 19–20 MJ and for the entire period of suckling is 3800–4900 MJ. In the section of lactations, correlational dependences were established between the net energy of maintaining cows and their offspring, which makes it possible to carry out more purposeful selection and selection of animals for further breeding and preservation of the herd of this breed.
{"title":"Productivity energy level of cows of Gray Ukrainian breeds and their reproductive qualities","authors":"V. Kozyr, A. V. Denisyuk, H. G. Dimchya, A. Maistrenko, O. Grabovska","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the reproductive abilities of the animals and the development of the offspring during the post-sucking period on cows of the Gray Ukrainian breed in the 1st–3rd lactations. To evaluate the cows and the offspring, in addition to traditional signs, indicators of net energy of body maintenance and net energy of growth were introduced, as integrated indicators of the state of the organism, which depend to a greater extent on the origin than on the conditions of keeping. We have established that the researched population of animals of the Gray Ukrainian breed in the ecological and fodder conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine shows excellent maternal instincts, reproductive function and small foetus rate not lower than the standard for the breed, almost equal distribution of offspring by sex. The yield of calves per 100 cows is 97–98%, live weight of calves at birth is 25–26 kg for heifers and 27–28 kg for bulls; high milk yield: the weaning live weight at 8 months of age is 200 kg for heifers and 230 kg for bulls, the service period of cows for 1–3 lactation period is 155–91 days, the intercalving period is 433–371 days, the small foetus coefficient is 0.54–0.49, net energy for maintaining vital activity in cows is 40–45 MJ and in newborn calves — 4.5–4.6 MJ, the net energy of growth of young calves when weaned from their mothers is 19–20 MJ and for the entire period of suckling is 3800–4900 MJ. In the section of lactations, correlational dependences were established between the net energy of maintaining cows and their offspring, which makes it possible to carry out more purposeful selection and selection of animals for further breeding and preservation of the herd of this breed.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84348858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol25.01.027
V. Khalak, B. Gutyj
The purpose of the work was to investigate the fattening and meat qualities in young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators and to calculate the economic efficiency of the experimental results. The fattening and meat qualities in young pigs were evaluated by the quantitative characteristics such as average daily live weight gain during the control fattening period (g), the age of reaching 100 kg live weight (days), thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (mm), length of the chilled carcass (cm), length of the bacon half of the chilled half-carcass (cm). Comprehensive evaluation of the animals in the experimental groups was carried out according to the Tyler and Wangen indices. Biometric processing of research results was conducted according to the methods of V. P. Kovalenko et al. (2010). The research was performed in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Jazz meat processing plant, and the animal husbandry laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS of Ukraine. It was established that in terms of fattening and meat qualities, the young pigs of the genealogical lines Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 and Azuro UA 8800557 of the Large White breed correspond to the elite class. Young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 outperform peers of the Azuro line UA 8800557 by 3.25% in the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, in fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae by 5.74%, in chilled carcass length by 0.93%. Animals of the Azuro UA 8800557 line are characterized by a longer length of the chilled carcass and the length of the bacon half of the chilled carcass. The number of significant correlations between the fattening and meat qualities of the Large White breed young pigs, the CI selection index, and the Tyler index is 80%. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 (+2.52%), then I experimental group according to the Tyler index (+3.98%) and the selection index CI (+4.30%). The criteria for selecting highly productive animals due to the CI breeding index are 57.69–78.57 points, and the Tyler index is 214.89–242.85 points. The economic efficiency of the use of young pigs from the specified groups provides additional production at the level of +3.98–4.30%.
本研究的目的是根据一些综合指标，研究不同家谱的大白品种的育肥性和肉质以及杂交分化情况，并计算试验结果的经济效益。通过对照育肥期平均日活增重(g)、达到100 kg活重(日)、6-7胸椎水平的猪油厚度(mm)、冷冻胴体长度(cm)、冷冻半胴体的一半肉长度(cm)等定量指标评价仔猪的育肥性和肉质。按Tyler指数和Wangen指数对实验组动物进行综合评价。根据v.p. Kovalenko et al.(2010)的方法对研究结果进行生物识别处理。这项研究是在第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区的农业组织、Jazz肉类加工厂和乌克兰粮食作物研究所(NAAS)的畜牧业实验室进行的。结果表明，在育肥性和肉质方面，大白品种塔夫图斯C61203 UA 8819345和阿祖罗UA 8800557的幼猪属于精英级。Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345在活重100 kg、6-7节胸椎水平脂肪厚度和冷藏胴体长度上分别比Azuro UA 8800557高出3.25%、5.74%和0.93%。Azuro UA 8800557系列的动物具有较长的冷冻胴体长度和冷冻胴体一半的培根长度。大白种猪育肥力与肉品质的显著相关数、CI选择指数和Tyler指数均为80%。以塔夫图C61203 UA 8819345种猪的产量增幅最大(+2.52%)，其次为泰勒指数(+3.98%)和选择指数CI(+4.30%)试验组。CI育种指数为57.69 ~ 78.57分，Tyler指数为214.89 ~ 242.85分。使用特定群体的幼猪的经济效益可提供+ 3.98-4.30%的额外产量。
{"title":"Productive qualities of young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators","authors":"V. Khalak, B. Gutyj","doi":"10.15407/animbiol25.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to investigate the fattening and meat qualities in young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators and to calculate the economic efficiency of the experimental results. The fattening and meat qualities in young pigs were evaluated by the quantitative characteristics such as average daily live weight gain during the control fattening period (g), the age of reaching 100 kg live weight (days), thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (mm), length of the chilled carcass (cm), length of the bacon half of the chilled half-carcass (cm). Comprehensive evaluation of the animals in the experimental groups was carried out according to the Tyler and Wangen indices. Biometric processing of research results was conducted according to the methods of V. P. Kovalenko et al. (2010). The research was performed in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Jazz meat processing plant, and the animal husbandry laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS of Ukraine. It was established that in terms of fattening and meat qualities, the young pigs of the genealogical lines Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 and Azuro UA 8800557 of the Large White breed correspond to the elite class. Young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 outperform peers of the Azuro line UA 8800557 by 3.25% in the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, in fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae by 5.74%, in chilled carcass length by 0.93%. Animals of the Azuro UA 8800557 line are characterized by a longer length of the chilled carcass and the length of the bacon half of the chilled carcass. The number of significant correlations between the fattening and meat qualities of the Large White breed young pigs, the CI selection index, and the Tyler index is 80%. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 (+2.52%), then I experimental group according to the Tyler index (+3.98%) and the selection index CI (+4.30%). The criteria for selecting highly productive animals due to the CI breeding index are 57.69–78.57 points, and the Tyler index is 214.89–242.85 points. The economic efficiency of the use of young pigs from the specified groups provides additional production at the level of +3.98–4.30%.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84045953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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