Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.059
V. V. Dovhaniuk, V. Rosalovsky, Y. Salyha
The article presents the results of studies of acute intoxication in Danio Rerio fish by chlorpyrifos at concentrations 0.5 mg/L; 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L of aquarium water for 24 h and its influence on the content of TBK-active products, catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR) in their tissues. After 24 h in the fish staying in water with chloropyrifos added in concentrations 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L we have revealed an increase of the content of TBK-active products in the studied tissues compared to the control values. The linear nature of the growth of the CAT enzymatic activity in the tissues of head and torso due to the effects of chloropyrifos in doses of 0.5 mg/L; 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L. was shown. On the background of the catalase activity growth in Danio rerio, in 24 h after the action of the toxicant, there was an inversely proportional dependence between the dose of chlorpyrifos and the activity of GPOs in both investigated parts of the fish body. In the tissues of the head and torso, inhibition of SOD activity for the action of chlorpyrifos has been established. The activity of this enzyme was the lowest at the chlorpyrifos concentration 0.75 mg/L. The obtained results complement the data on the toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on ichthyofauna and on the course of chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in Danio rerio fish. The obtained data can be used in the development of additional biochemical markers of chlorpyrifos and other phosphor organic compounds intoxication and in toxicological and environmental experiments, taking into account the growing intensity of the use of insecticidal preparations in agricultural production and everyday life.
{"title":"State of the antioxidant system in Danio rerio fish due to the chlorpyrifos intoxication","authors":"V. V. Dovhaniuk, V. Rosalovsky, Y. Salyha","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.059","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of acute intoxication in Danio Rerio fish by chlorpyrifos at concentrations 0.5 mg/L; 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L of aquarium water for 24 h and its influence on the content of TBK-active products, catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR) in their tissues. After 24 h in the fish staying in water with chloropyrifos added in concentrations 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L we have revealed an increase of the content of TBK-active products in the studied tissues compared to the control values. The linear nature of the growth of the CAT enzymatic activity in the tissues of head and torso due to the effects of chloropyrifos in doses of 0.5 mg/L; 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L. was shown. On the background of the catalase activity growth in Danio rerio, in 24 h after the action of the toxicant, there was an inversely proportional dependence between the dose of chlorpyrifos and the activity of GPOs in both investigated parts of the fish body. In the tissues of the head and torso, inhibition of SOD activity for the action of chlorpyrifos has been established. The activity of this enzyme was the lowest at the chlorpyrifos concentration 0.75 mg/L. The obtained results complement the data on the toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on ichthyofauna and on the course of chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in Danio rerio fish. The obtained data can be used in the development of additional biochemical markers of chlorpyrifos and other phosphor organic compounds intoxication and in toxicological and environmental experiments, taking into account the growing intensity of the use of insecticidal preparations in agricultural production and everyday life.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87752018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.049
I. Chorna, G. V. Dronic, V. I. Kulish
Тhe effect of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified soybean and herbicide “Roundup” on the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and on the content of middle mass molecules in rat serum has been investigated. The studies were made on the Wistar rats divided into five groups: 1st group — intact; 2nd group — 25% of rat’s ration was replaced by traditional soybean; 3rd group — the rats received feed containing genetically modified soybean not treated with the herbicide “Roundup”; 4th group — the rats received feed containing genetically modified soybean treated with the herbicide; 5th group — the rats received the herbicide “Roundup” with drinking water. After 42 days females of all groups were mated and continued to receive the same diet and herbicide with drinking water. In 22–24 days the next generation of rats was born. In the first and second generation of rats fed with the herbicide “Roundup” and transgenic soybean treated with this herbicide, the hyperenzymemia of ALT, AST and GGT in compared with control group was observed. At the same time, De Ritis Ratio wass reduced to values of 0.8 and 0.7 for the rats fed with soybean “Roundup Ready” and herbicide, respectively. It is shown that the level of middle mass molecules in blood serum of the first rat generation increases in 1.5 and 1.6 times in cases of feeding rats with genetically modified soybean treated with herbicide and herbicide only; the increase in the content of middle mass molecules is observed in the second generation too. The increase of middle mass molecules content in blood serum indicates a syndrome of endogenous intoxication.
{"title":"Biochemical markers of the functional state of liver in blood serum of rats consuming glyphosate-resistant genetically modified soybean and herbicide “Roundup”","authors":"I. Chorna, G. V. Dronic, V. I. Kulish","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.049","url":null,"abstract":"Тhe effect of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified soybean and herbicide “Roundup” on the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and on the content of middle mass molecules in rat serum has been investigated. The studies were made on the Wistar rats divided into five groups: 1st group — intact; 2nd group — 25% of rat’s ration was replaced by traditional soybean; 3rd group — the rats received feed containing genetically modified soybean not treated with the herbicide “Roundup”; 4th group — the rats received feed containing genetically modified soybean treated with the herbicide; 5th group — the rats received the herbicide “Roundup” with drinking water. After 42 days females of all groups were mated and continued to receive the same diet and herbicide with drinking water. In 22–24 days the next generation of rats was born. In the first and second generation of rats fed with the herbicide “Roundup” and transgenic soybean treated with this herbicide, the hyperenzymemia of ALT, AST and GGT in compared with control group was observed. At the same time, De Ritis Ratio wass reduced to values of 0.8 and 0.7 for the rats fed with soybean “Roundup Ready” and herbicide, respectively. It is shown that the level of middle mass molecules in blood serum of the first rat generation increases in 1.5 and 1.6 times in cases of feeding rats with genetically modified soybean treated with herbicide and herbicide only; the increase in the content of middle mass molecules is observed in the second generation too. The increase of middle mass molecules content in blood serum indicates a syndrome of endogenous intoxication.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76460657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.008
M. Sakhatsky, Y. Osadcha
The parameters of the group size of laying hens of the industrial herd in cages are not provided by current domestic standards, and according to the recommendations of the cross developer should be at least 7 birds, although in practice they reach 100 birds, so they need to be clarified when using 12-tier cage batteries. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the group size of hens on their productivity with the same density of laying hens in similar cages by design. To do this, in a modern complex for the production of eggs we formed 4 groups of hens, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house-analogue in area and equipment, equipped with 12-tier cage batteries, the size of the cages in which differed. The hens’ group in each cage of the 1st group contained 93 birds, the 2nd group — 52 birds, the 3rd — 17 birds and 4th — 9 birds. It was found that the maximum realization of laying hens productivity of modern white-egg crosses during their keeping in cages of 12-tier cage batteries was observed for the 52–93 hens’ groups which allows for a 44-week period of use to receive an additional 13.3–48.2 million eggs from each poultry house (4.5–16.5 thousand eggs per 1 m2 of its area) compared to the group size 9 hens, at the highest level of the European coefficient of efficiency of their production by 1.6–2.8 units. It is shown that the group size 17 hens is insufficient for the formation of a strategy of social tolerance in hens and is accompanied by stressful conditions, which are manifested in a decrease in the preservation by 1.7–2.1%, body weight — by 2.6–3.4 %, laying on the initial laying hen — by 3.9–8.4% and on the average laying hen — by 4.3–4.4%, as well as a reduction in feed costs by 1.5–1.6%, which leads to a decrease in gross output eggs by 4.4–39.3 million eggs and egg mass — by 291.9–2508.6 tons from each poultry house, including 1.5–13.5 thousand eggs and 100.1–860.6 kg per 1 m2 of its area, reducing the yield of egg mass per initial laying hen by 0.7–1.5 kg with a decrease in the level of the European coefficient of efficiency of egg production by 1.0–2.2 units. While the keeping of laying hens in groups of 9 hens causes the development of chronic stress through the formation of a system of stable hierarchy and possible despotic behavior, the consequences of which are a decrease in preservation by 4.4–6.5%, body weight — by 2.1-5.4%, egg production at the primary — by 2, 8–11.0% and for the average laying — by 3.8–8.0%, as well as a decrease in feed costs by 2.0–3.6%, which causes a decrease in the gross yield of eggs by 8.9–48, 2 million eggs and egg mass — by 552.0–3060.5 tons from each poultry house, including 3.0–16.5 thousand eggs and 189.4–1050.0 kg from 1 m2 of its area, reduction of egg yield per initial laying hen by 0.4–1.9 kg with a decrease in the level of the European coefficient of egg production efficiency by 0.6–2.8 units.
{"title":"Realization of hens’ potential productivity under the influence of group size","authors":"M. Sakhatsky, Y. Osadcha","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"The parameters of the group size of laying hens of the industrial herd in cages are not provided by current domestic standards, and according to the recommendations of the cross developer should be at least 7 birds, although in practice they reach 100 birds, so they need to be clarified when using 12-tier cage batteries. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the group size of hens on their productivity with the same density of laying hens in similar cages by design. To do this, in a modern complex for the production of eggs we formed 4 groups of hens, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house-analogue in area and equipment, equipped with 12-tier cage batteries, the size of the cages in which differed. The hens’ group in each cage of the 1st group contained 93 birds, the 2nd group — 52 birds, the 3rd — 17 birds and 4th — 9 birds. It was found that the maximum realization of laying hens productivity of modern white-egg crosses during their keeping in cages of 12-tier cage batteries was observed for the 52–93 hens’ groups which allows for a 44-week period of use to receive an additional 13.3–48.2 million eggs from each poultry house (4.5–16.5 thousand eggs per 1 m2 of its area) compared to the group size 9 hens, at the highest level of the European coefficient of efficiency of their production by 1.6–2.8 units. It is shown that the group size 17 hens is insufficient for the formation of a strategy of social tolerance in hens and is accompanied by stressful conditions, which are manifested in a decrease in the preservation by 1.7–2.1%, body weight — by 2.6–3.4 %, laying on the initial laying hen — by 3.9–8.4% and on the average laying hen — by 4.3–4.4%, as well as a reduction in feed costs by 1.5–1.6%, which leads to a decrease in gross output eggs by 4.4–39.3 million eggs and egg mass — by 291.9–2508.6 tons from each poultry house, including 1.5–13.5 thousand eggs and 100.1–860.6 kg per 1 m2 of its area, reducing the yield of egg mass per initial laying hen by 0.7–1.5 kg with a decrease in the level of the European coefficient of efficiency of egg production by 1.0–2.2 units. While the keeping of laying hens in groups of 9 hens causes the development of chronic stress through the formation of a system of stable hierarchy and possible despotic behavior, the consequences of which are a decrease in preservation by 4.4–6.5%, body weight — by 2.1-5.4%, egg production at the primary — by 2, 8–11.0% and for the average laying — by 3.8–8.0%, as well as a decrease in feed costs by 2.0–3.6%, which causes a decrease in the gross yield of eggs by 8.9–48, 2 million eggs and egg mass — by 552.0–3060.5 tons from each poultry house, including 3.0–16.5 thousand eggs and 189.4–1050.0 kg from 1 m2 of its area, reduction of egg yield per initial laying hen by 0.4–1.9 kg with a decrease in the level of the European coefficient of egg production efficiency by 0.6–2.8 units.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87642718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.027
I. Mitioglo
The aim of the study was to study the polymorphism of the beta-lactoglobulin gene in cows of Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle and Montbéliarde breeds and animals obtained by crossing the local Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle with bulls of Montbéliarde breed and its relationship with milk productivity. Blood samples were taken from the cows Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle and crossbreeds (SE DG “Niva” of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M. V. Zubets) and from cows of Montbéliarde breed (PSP “Zhadkivske”, Chernihiv region). with the end of the first lactation. To study the single nucleotide polymorphism of the beta-latoglobulin (BLG) gene, the PCR-RFLP method with specific primers and restrictases was used. Dairy productivity of cows was determined by control milkings. Statistical processing of the obtained research results was carried out by the methods of biological statistics using the computer program Microsoft Excel. In our groups of cows, we have found three variants of genotypes at the locus of the beta-lactoglobulin gene — homozygous AA and BB and heterozygous AB. In the firstborns of the Montbéliarde breed and crossbreeds of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle with the Montbéliarde bulls, animals with the AB genotype were most common (0.57 and 0.524), in the group of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle — homozygous carriers of the BB genotype with a frequency of 0.433. In individuals of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy breed, the expected heterozygosity (He) exceeds the actual (Ho), which indicates a decrease in heterozygosity in the herd of cows of this breed. In groups of Montbéliarde cows and crossbreeds, the situation is opposite: the actual heterozygosity exceeds the expected one and the fixation index is negative. Analysis of milk productivity of cows of the three studied groups revealed the same trend: cows with the AA genotype for the beta-lactoglobulin gene were dominated by peers with the AA and AB genotypes. The highest hopes for 305 days of the first lactation were found in crossbred cows with genotype AA (6728 kg). The difference in milk yield in crossbreeds with genotypes BB and AB was 311 (5%) and 195 (3%) kg, respectively. The highest indicators of fat content were found in the milk of first-born crossbreeds with the AA genotype, which is 0.1% and 0.75% higher than in the first-born with the AA genotype of Montbéliarde and Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle, respectively. Among cows with genotype AB, the highest mass fraction of fat was found in crossbreeds — 4.15%. The mass fraction of protein is highest in first-borns with the BB genotype — 3.89%, which was 0.51 higher than in Montbéliarde cows and 0.43% in the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle. Thus, the results of molecular genetic analysis of the studied breeds reflect the specificity of the genetic structure at individual loci of quantitative traits, in particular the beta-lactoglobulin gene, which gives grounds to use this patte
{"title":"Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene polymorphism in Ukrainian and foreign cows","authors":"I. Mitioglo","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to study the polymorphism of the beta-lactoglobulin gene in cows of Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle and Montbéliarde breeds and animals obtained by crossing the local Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle with bulls of Montbéliarde breed and its relationship with milk productivity. Blood samples were taken from the cows Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle and crossbreeds (SE DG “Niva” of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M. V. Zubets) and from cows of Montbéliarde breed (PSP “Zhadkivske”, Chernihiv region). with the end of the first lactation. To study the single nucleotide polymorphism of the beta-latoglobulin (BLG) gene, the PCR-RFLP method with specific primers and restrictases was used. Dairy productivity of cows was determined by control milkings. Statistical processing of the obtained research results was carried out by the methods of biological statistics using the computer program Microsoft Excel. In our groups of cows, we have found three variants of genotypes at the locus of the beta-lactoglobulin gene — homozygous AA and BB and heterozygous AB. In the firstborns of the Montbéliarde breed and crossbreeds of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle with the Montbéliarde bulls, animals with the AB genotype were most common (0.57 and 0.524), in the group of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle — homozygous carriers of the BB genotype with a frequency of 0.433. In individuals of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy breed, the expected heterozygosity (He) exceeds the actual (Ho), which indicates a decrease in heterozygosity in the herd of cows of this breed. In groups of Montbéliarde cows and crossbreeds, the situation is opposite: the actual heterozygosity exceeds the expected one and the fixation index is negative. Analysis of milk productivity of cows of the three studied groups revealed the same trend: cows with the AA genotype for the beta-lactoglobulin gene were dominated by peers with the AA and AB genotypes. The highest hopes for 305 days of the first lactation were found in crossbred cows with genotype AA (6728 kg). The difference in milk yield in crossbreeds with genotypes BB and AB was 311 (5%) and 195 (3%) kg, respectively. The highest indicators of fat content were found in the milk of first-born crossbreeds with the AA genotype, which is 0.1% and 0.75% higher than in the first-born with the AA genotype of Montbéliarde and Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle, respectively. Among cows with genotype AB, the highest mass fraction of fat was found in crossbreeds — 4.15%. The mass fraction of protein is highest in first-borns with the BB genotype — 3.89%, which was 0.51 higher than in Montbéliarde cows and 0.43% in the Ukrainian Red-Spotted dairy cattle. Thus, the results of molecular genetic analysis of the studied breeds reflect the specificity of the genetic structure at individual loci of quantitative traits, in particular the beta-lactoglobulin gene, which gives grounds to use this patte","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73491906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.015
O. O. Borshch, S. Ruban, O. Borshch, M. Fedorchenko
The aim of this work was to study the influence of the use of air cooling means in easily assembled premises on the behavior and comfort of cows during periods of dangerous value of the temperature-humidity index (THI). The research was conducted during July 2020 in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region, Bila Tserkva district) during a long high-temperature load. The value of the daily ambient air temperature ranged from +19 to +34°С, and the relative humidity was 46–78%. Two farms with loose cows and different animal comfort options were selected for the study. The first option is to be loose in an easy-to-assemble room with fans installed above the aft table to cool the air. Fan hours from 12:00 to 17:00. The second option is loose keeping in an easy-to-assemble room on a deep, long-lasting straw litter. It was found that the use of ventilation systems allowed to reduce by 5.3°C the average daily values of air temperature compared to keeping on deep litter without ventilation systems. The values equivalent temperature index (ETI) and the index of equivalent temperature for cattle (ETIC), which indicate the level of sensitivity of the body during prolonged high temperatures, were lower by 1.63°C, and ETIC by 1.11 compared to keeping in deep litter without systems ventilation. The duration of lying down under the option of keeping cows using air cooling elements was higher by 68 min/day compared to keeping on deep litter without air cooling elements. In a cowshed with ventilation systems, the energy consumption for heat transfer of the body was 63.1 MJ, which is 5.4 MJ lower than in a cowshed on deep litter without the use of ventilation systems.
{"title":"Influence of the use of air cooling means in easily assembled premises on the behavior and comfort of cows during high temperatures","authors":"O. O. Borshch, S. Ruban, O. Borshch, M. Fedorchenko","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to study the influence of the use of air cooling means in easily assembled premises on the behavior and comfort of cows during periods of dangerous value of the temperature-humidity index (THI). The research was conducted during July 2020 in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region, Bila Tserkva district) during a long high-temperature load. The value of the daily ambient air temperature ranged from +19 to +34°С, and the relative humidity was 46–78%. Two farms with loose cows and different animal comfort options were selected for the study. The first option is to be loose in an easy-to-assemble room with fans installed above the aft table to cool the air. Fan hours from 12:00 to 17:00. The second option is loose keeping in an easy-to-assemble room on a deep, long-lasting straw litter. It was found that the use of ventilation systems allowed to reduce by 5.3°C the average daily values of air temperature compared to keeping on deep litter without ventilation systems. The values equivalent temperature index (ETI) and the index of equivalent temperature for cattle (ETIC), which indicate the level of sensitivity of the body during prolonged high temperatures, were lower by 1.63°C, and ETIC by 1.11 compared to keeping in deep litter without systems ventilation. The duration of lying down under the option of keeping cows using air cooling elements was higher by 68 min/day compared to keeping on deep litter without air cooling elements. In a cowshed with ventilation systems, the energy consumption for heat transfer of the body was 63.1 MJ, which is 5.4 MJ lower than in a cowshed on deep litter without the use of ventilation systems.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91529884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.073
O. Zakhariv, I. Vudmaska, A. Petruk
Prolonged stay of animals in the area of man-made load leads to quantitative changes in the blood, reducing the level of activity of cellular and humoral defense factors. The hematological parameters and immunological status of sheep in the ecologically contaminated area change with age according to general biological patterns, objectively reflecting the intensity of metabolic processes in postnatal ontogenesis. Sheeps of fine-wool Carpathian breed were used as an object. The studies were performed on lambs obtained from ewes kept in contaminated and environmentally friendly areas, aged 1, 2, 4, 8 months and on adult animals aged 1.5 years. The results of research conducted in the winter and spring periods of 2010–2012 are summarized. The content of hemoglobin in the blood of sheep in the zone of man-made pollution was lower than in the blood of sheep in the ecologically clean zone, respectively: at 1 month of age — by 9.5%; at 2 months of age — by 29.0%; at the age of 4 months — by 24.5%; at the age of 8 months — by 21.9%; at the age of 1.5 years — by 21.25% (P≤0.05–0.001). We found no significant differences in the total leukocyte content of sheep, which were kept both in the area of contamination and outside the area of contamination. In lambs from the contaminated area, the bactericidal activity of blood serum at 4 months of age was 32% less (P≤0.01) than the bactericidal activity of blood in peers from the safe area, and lysozyme activity of serum, respectively — 29% less (P ≤0.01). With regard to phagocytic activity, which characterizes the level of cellular immunity, this indicator was 31.5% lower in lambs from the contaminated area than in lambs from the environmentally friendly area (P≤0.01). A higher concentration of Lead, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc in the blood of sheep in the man-made contaminated area was detected. These differences were most pronounced in adult animals. In the blood of adult sheep in the zone of anthropogenic pressure, the level of Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc was 2.86; 103.7; 3.30; 349.8 μg%, vs. 0.41; 13.2; 1.05; 121.4 μg%, in sheep from the welfare zone (P≤0,001). Specific immunoglobulin of subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 in animals from the contaminated area were 61 and 52% of their level outside the area of man-made load. Viability of lambs in this area was almost twice lower than in the environmentally friendly area. The obtained results indicate the presence of general patterns in the occurrence of a complex of disorders in animals in response to adverse conditions. This becomes apparent given the lag in growth and development, as well as the premature death of lambs in the contaminated area.
{"title":"Influence of Burshtyn thermal power plant emissions on sheep at different age","authors":"O. Zakhariv, I. Vudmaska, A. Petruk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.073","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged stay of animals in the area of man-made load leads to quantitative changes in the blood, reducing the level of activity of cellular and humoral defense factors. The hematological parameters and immunological status of sheep in the ecologically contaminated area change with age according to general biological patterns, objectively reflecting the intensity of metabolic processes in postnatal ontogenesis. Sheeps of fine-wool Carpathian breed were used as an object. The studies were performed on lambs obtained from ewes kept in contaminated and environmentally friendly areas, aged 1, 2, 4, 8 months and on adult animals aged 1.5 years. The results of research conducted in the winter and spring periods of 2010–2012 are summarized. The content of hemoglobin in the blood of sheep in the zone of man-made pollution was lower than in the blood of sheep in the ecologically clean zone, respectively: at 1 month of age — by 9.5%; at 2 months of age — by 29.0%; at the age of 4 months — by 24.5%; at the age of 8 months — by 21.9%; at the age of 1.5 years — by 21.25% (P≤0.05–0.001). We found no significant differences in the total leukocyte content of sheep, which were kept both in the area of contamination and outside the area of contamination. In lambs from the contaminated area, the bactericidal activity of blood serum at 4 months of age was 32% less (P≤0.01) than the bactericidal activity of blood in peers from the safe area, and lysozyme activity of serum, respectively — 29% less (P ≤0.01). With regard to phagocytic activity, which characterizes the level of cellular immunity, this indicator was 31.5% lower in lambs from the contaminated area than in lambs from the environmentally friendly area (P≤0.01). A higher concentration of Lead, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc in the blood of sheep in the man-made contaminated area was detected. These differences were most pronounced in adult animals. In the blood of adult sheep in the zone of anthropogenic pressure, the level of Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc was 2.86; 103.7; 3.30; 349.8 μg%, vs. 0.41; 13.2; 1.05; 121.4 μg%, in sheep from the welfare zone (P≤0,001). Specific immunoglobulin of subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 in animals from the contaminated area were 61 and 52% of their level outside the area of man-made load. Viability of lambs in this area was almost twice lower than in the environmentally friendly area. The obtained results indicate the presence of general patterns in the occurrence of a complex of disorders in animals in response to adverse conditions. This becomes apparent given the lag in growth and development, as well as the premature death of lambs in the contaminated area.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87649987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.003
I. Mushtuk, O. Ayshpur, O. Yermolenko, O. Tarasov, V. V. Gumeniuk
Proliferative enteropathy of pigs (PPE; ileitis, lawsoniosis) is one of the most common, relatively new and little-studied gastrointestinal diseases of pigs which cause significant economic damage to the pig industry worldwide. The causative agent of ileitis is Lawsonia intracellularis, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. The incubation period lasts from two to three weeks, the infection has a high degree of infection. The pathogen is transmitted from animal to animal by oral and fecal route. In order to study the manifestations of proliferative enteropathy of pigs on farms in Ukraine, we surveyed 32 farms in 13 regions. The course of PPE was usually observed with symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, but the disease brought significant economic losses. A characteristic symptom of the chronic course in the studied farms of Ukraine is a slow but progressive weight loss of animals and, as a result, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Clinical signs of ileitis depend on the form of the course. There are three main forms of ileitis: chronic form — intestinal adematosis, acute — hemorrhagic enteropathy and subclinical form. According to our research, the acute form is manifested by pale skin and signs of anemia, hemorrhagic diarrhea and sudden death of the animal. Pigs weighing more than 70 kg suffer the most. The pathological picture characteristic of PPE was observed already at the age of 33 days; 62.5% of the dead piglets aged 33 to 102 days were affected by Lawsonia, which was confirmed by laboratory tests. Pathological examination was observed in the dead pigs of the rearing and fattening group: duodenum — part initially covered with mucus-fibrin; ileum — thickening of the walls, on the serous membrane dark red grooves like a mosaic, dark blood, blood coagulates cylindrical forms; mucous membrane is uneven, thickened, intensely red; colon — stretched through gases, blood dark with coagulates in the lumen; rectum — the contents are thick to semi-liquid, dark red; mesenteric lymph nodes — enlarged and hyperemic. Pathohistological changes in the intestine varied. In some parts of the intestine, there were characteristic of ulcerative necrotic ileitis, and in others — for proliferative enteropathy.
{"title":"Manifestation of proliferative enteropathy of pigs (ileitis) in pig farms of Ukraine (diagnostic monitoring)","authors":"I. Mushtuk, O. Ayshpur, O. Yermolenko, O. Tarasov, V. V. Gumeniuk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Proliferative enteropathy of pigs (PPE; ileitis, lawsoniosis) is one of the most common, relatively new and little-studied gastrointestinal diseases of pigs which cause significant economic damage to the pig industry worldwide. The causative agent of ileitis is Lawsonia intracellularis, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. The incubation period lasts from two to three weeks, the infection has a high degree of infection. The pathogen is transmitted from animal to animal by oral and fecal route. In order to study the manifestations of proliferative enteropathy of pigs on farms in Ukraine, we surveyed 32 farms in 13 regions. The course of PPE was usually observed with symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, but the disease brought significant economic losses. A characteristic symptom of the chronic course in the studied farms of Ukraine is a slow but progressive weight loss of animals and, as a result, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Clinical signs of ileitis depend on the form of the course. There are three main forms of ileitis: chronic form — intestinal adematosis, acute — hemorrhagic enteropathy and subclinical form. According to our research, the acute form is manifested by pale skin and signs of anemia, hemorrhagic diarrhea and sudden death of the animal. Pigs weighing more than 70 kg suffer the most. The pathological picture characteristic of PPE was observed already at the age of 33 days; 62.5% of the dead piglets aged 33 to 102 days were affected by Lawsonia, which was confirmed by laboratory tests. Pathological examination was observed in the dead pigs of the rearing and fattening group: duodenum — part initially covered with mucus-fibrin; ileum — thickening of the walls, on the serous membrane dark red grooves like a mosaic, dark blood, blood coagulates cylindrical forms; mucous membrane is uneven, thickened, intensely red; colon — stretched through gases, blood dark with coagulates in the lumen; rectum — the contents are thick to semi-liquid, dark red; mesenteric lymph nodes — enlarged and hyperemic. Pathohistological changes in the intestine varied. In some parts of the intestine, there were characteristic of ulcerative necrotic ileitis, and in others — for proliferative enteropathy.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75093532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.04.054
A. Pirlog, A. Carapirea, G. Darie, E. Cibotaru, O. Chiselita
The work concerns the study of the reproductive qualities of sows that received, in addition to the main diet, a biologically active preparation (LB-AAP) synthesized from brewer’s yeast waste. For this purpose, two groups of sows were formed, experimental and control ones containing 5 sows in each group. The preparation was administered in addition to the main diet 30 days before farrowing and 10 days after farrowing at 10 ml for each sow. It has been found out that the enrichment of rations for pregnant sows with a biologically active preparation (LB-AAP) allows an increase in the number of born piglets by 0.4 more than in the control group. There were 0.8–0.31 stillborn piglets in the experimental group or 1.0 less compared to the control group. Enrichment of the diets of sows 30 days before farrowing with a biologically active agent had a positive effect on the live weight of the litter at birth and on the 21st day. The average live weight of piglets in the litter of the experimental group was 0.85 kg higher than the average live weight of piglets in the litter of the control group. The average live weight of one piglet at birth in the experimental group was 1.7 kg, and in the control group was 1.4 kg, which is 0.3 kg less. Hematological and biochemical blood tests were studied at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, as well as the amino acid, macro and microelement composition of the preparation.
{"title":"The influence of biologically active preparations on the reproductive qualities of sows","authors":"A. Pirlog, A. Carapirea, G. Darie, E. Cibotaru, O. Chiselita","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.054","url":null,"abstract":"The work concerns the study of the reproductive qualities of sows that received, in addition to the main diet, a biologically active preparation (LB-AAP) synthesized from brewer’s yeast waste. For this purpose, two groups of sows were formed, experimental and control ones containing 5 sows in each group. The preparation was administered in addition to the main diet 30 days before farrowing and 10 days after farrowing at 10 ml for each sow. It has been found out that the enrichment of rations for pregnant sows with a biologically active preparation (LB-AAP) allows an increase in the number of born piglets by 0.4 more than in the control group. There were 0.8–0.31 stillborn piglets in the experimental group or 1.0 less compared to the control group. Enrichment of the diets of sows 30 days before farrowing with a biologically active agent had a positive effect on the live weight of the litter at birth and on the 21st day. The average live weight of piglets in the litter of the experimental group was 0.85 kg higher than the average live weight of piglets in the litter of the control group. The average live weight of one piglet at birth in the experimental group was 1.7 kg, and in the control group was 1.4 kg, which is 0.3 kg less. Hematological and biochemical blood tests were studied at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, as well as the amino acid, macro and microelement composition of the preparation.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78507571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.02.026
T. M. Ryk
The article presents the analysis of the PERV retrovirus subtypes A and C frequency in populations of Ukrainian and foreign breed pigs. Different frequencies of the PERV A/C genome presence in animals of the studied breeds were established. The largest relative number was observed in the group of wild pigs (86%), the smallest was in the groups of Poltava meat and Piétrain breeds. Animals free of both virus subtypes were found in all study groups. The article considers the hypothesis of an increase in the frequency of PERV retrovirus in the pigs’ genome during domestication. Its integration caused a gene mutation responsible for fat deposition which led to increased fat amount in carcasses and could be picked up by selection in the process of creating breeds. However, there is no obvious link between the spread of the virus in modern breeds in different areas of productivity. Also, there is no association between carcass fat amount and the presence of PERV in the genome. It is established that the information on the PERV A/C distribution in pig breeds hold in Ukraine is useful in terms of the possibility of using each of them for xenotransplantation. Also, this information can be used to justify the selection of founding breeds in order to create lines of pigs free from the endogenous retrovirus genome.
{"title":"Endogenic retroviruses of PERV A/C in genome of Ukrainian pigs and their correlation with the level of fat in carcasses","authors":"T. M. Ryk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.02.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.02.026","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis of the PERV retrovirus subtypes A and C frequency in populations of Ukrainian and foreign breed pigs. Different frequencies of the PERV A/C genome presence in animals of the studied breeds were established. The largest relative number was observed in the group of wild pigs (86%), the smallest was in the groups of Poltava meat and Piétrain breeds. Animals free of both virus subtypes were found in all study groups. The article considers the hypothesis of an increase in the frequency of PERV retrovirus in the pigs’ genome during domestication. Its integration caused a gene mutation responsible for fat deposition which led to increased fat amount in carcasses and could be picked up by selection in the process of creating breeds. However, there is no obvious link between the spread of the virus in modern breeds in different areas of productivity. Also, there is no association between carcass fat amount and the presence of PERV in the genome. It is established that the information on the PERV A/C distribution in pig breeds hold in Ukraine is useful in terms of the possibility of using each of them for xenotransplantation. Also, this information can be used to justify the selection of founding breeds in order to create lines of pigs free from the endogenous retrovirus genome.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83493620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.15407/animbiol23.02.008
V. Kozyr
The aim was to develop an innovative technology for obtaining high-quality organic marble beef. In the experimental farm “Polyvanivka” of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS the cultivation of bulls of the gray Ukrainian breed up to 30 months of age has been organized using fodder which is traditional for steppe zone of Ukraine. The work has been performed according to the research program of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine no. 37 “System of work in populations and conservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animals” (“Preservation of breed gene pool”). The expediency of organic production of high-quality marble beef obtained in the steppe zone of Ukraine from gray Ukrainian cattle has been proven. This breed has such economically useful features as the duration of production use, longevity, high growth energy (stable average daily gain over 1 kg), and the conversion of diet into products (feed consumption is 70–80 MJ per 1 kg of growth) correlating with the age of the animal, slaughter rates (>60%, meat content is >4 kg per 1 kg of bones, hard skin is >30 kg which belongs to the category of bull production). We have found that it is necessary to determine the cattle fatness not by subcutaneous fat which has no dietary value, but by the beef marbling as a sign of its quality which takes into account the presence of intramuscular and intermuscular fat including unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A and D, as well as the amount of protein and moisture and taste and culinary features of the carcass flesh, such as tenderness, juiciness and aroma. This meets the requirements of the consumer. The proposals based on the results of research on technological changes in animal husbandry promote the development of meat cattle breeding and are of great economic importance for strengthening the health of the population and food safety in Ukraine.
{"title":"Innovative technology of obtaining organic marble beef","authors":"V. Kozyr","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to develop an innovative technology for obtaining high-quality organic marble beef. In the experimental farm “Polyvanivka” of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS the cultivation of bulls of the gray Ukrainian breed up to 30 months of age has been organized using fodder which is traditional for steppe zone of Ukraine. The work has been performed according to the research program of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine no. 37 “System of work in populations and conservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animals” (“Preservation of breed gene pool”). The expediency of organic production of high-quality marble beef obtained in the steppe zone of Ukraine from gray Ukrainian cattle has been proven. This breed has such economically useful features as the duration of production use, longevity, high growth energy (stable average daily gain over 1 kg), and the conversion of diet into products (feed consumption is 70–80 MJ per 1 kg of growth) correlating with the age of the animal, slaughter rates (>60%, meat content is >4 kg per 1 kg of bones, hard skin is >30 kg which belongs to the category of bull production). We have found that it is necessary to determine the cattle fatness not by subcutaneous fat which has no dietary value, but by the beef marbling as a sign of its quality which takes into account the presence of intramuscular and intermuscular fat including unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A and D, as well as the amount of protein and moisture and taste and culinary features of the carcass flesh, such as tenderness, juiciness and aroma. This meets the requirements of the consumer. The proposals based on the results of research on technological changes in animal husbandry promote the development of meat cattle breeding and are of great economic importance for strengthening the health of the population and food safety in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91298673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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