Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6141
Ria Perrault
There is growing recognition of the fundamental dependence of our urban systems on natural ecosystems. In this context, nature-based solutions (NBS) are gaining traction. NBS can help mitigate flood and heat risks, provide ecosystem services, and offer new or better green living spaces for humans and wildlife alike. While NBS offer a valuable method of urban climate adaptation, as a relatively novel form of infrastructure, they face a much wider variety of barriers to implementation than traditional ‘grey’ infrastructure. A key step to strategically overcoming such barriers is understanding them. This review is intended to establish a broad overview of existing literature about the barriers to implementing NBS in urban areas.
{"title":"Problems with Nature-Based Solutions","authors":"Ria Perrault","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6141","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing recognition of the fundamental dependence of our urban systems on natural ecosystems. In this context, nature-based solutions (NBS) are gaining traction. NBS can help mitigate flood and heat risks, provide ecosystem services, and offer new or better green living spaces for humans and wildlife alike. While NBS offer a valuable method of urban climate adaptation, as a relatively novel form of infrastructure, they face a much wider variety of barriers to implementation than traditional ‘grey’ infrastructure. A key step to strategically overcoming such barriers is understanding them. This review is intended to establish a broad overview of existing literature about the barriers to implementing NBS in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115393574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6514
Max Touchette, Maryam Mughal
{"title":"Table of Contents | Table des matières","authors":"Max Touchette, Maryam Mughal","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131695191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6336
Julian Mattachione
State actors are becoming increasingly interested in the economic potential and security dynamics of the Arctic space as the effects of global climatic change rapidly shape the world’s polar spaces. National governments have responded to these changing dynamics by tailoring their defence policies to reflect what they believe to be the most pressing challenges to their presence in the region. This article asks; how is the north framed and whose voices are reflected in Canadian defence policy? It concludes that the conventional framing of Canada’s north remains deeply influenced by the idealized and imagined narratives of Canadian governance with little inclusion of disparate voices. By examining the defence white papers of prime ministers Chretien, Martin, Harper, and Trudeau, this article determines that Canadian Arctic security discourse has increased significantly in the post-Cold War era while the region’s Inuit population remain external to its dialogue. This absence of Indigenous voice in Canadian defence policy reflects an unsustainable Eurocentric viewing of the North that is unable to adequately address the region’s changing dynamics. As such, Canada’s future defence policy must acknowledge the distinct and transnational value of Inuit traditional knowledge to overcome the limitations of conventional trans-Atlantic policy frameworks.
{"title":"An Insecure North?","authors":"Julian Mattachione","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6336","url":null,"abstract":"State actors are becoming increasingly interested in the economic potential and security dynamics of the Arctic space as the effects of global climatic change rapidly shape the world’s polar spaces. National governments have responded to these changing dynamics by tailoring their defence policies to reflect what they believe to be the most pressing challenges to their presence in the region. This article asks; how is the north framed and whose voices are reflected in Canadian defence policy? It concludes that the conventional framing of Canada’s north remains deeply influenced by the idealized and imagined narratives of Canadian governance with little inclusion of disparate voices. \u0000By examining the defence white papers of prime ministers Chretien, Martin, Harper, and Trudeau, this article determines that Canadian Arctic security discourse has increased significantly in the post-Cold War era while the region’s Inuit population remain external to its dialogue. This absence of Indigenous voice in Canadian defence policy reflects an unsustainable Eurocentric viewing of the North that is unable to adequately address the region’s changing dynamics. As such, Canada’s future defence policy must acknowledge the distinct and transnational value of Inuit traditional knowledge to overcome the limitations of conventional trans-Atlantic policy frameworks.","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121453683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6343
Ali Seyed Norani
This article traces the history of gender-based crimes against humanity, examining the process by which the International Criminal Court came to recognize this specific category as differentiating from existing sexual crimes. Focusing on the prominent case of former Lord’s Resistance Army commander Dominic Ongwen, various perspectives across international law are explored in order to understand the justification for creating new charges addressing gender-based crimes, such as forced marriage. Considering the recent conviction of Mr. Ongwen in 2021, this 2020 article provides excellent insight into the current paradigm shift occurring within international law concerning the prosecution of gender-based crimes against humanity.
{"title":"Normative Evolution of Gender-Based Crimes Against Humanity","authors":"Ali Seyed Norani","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6343","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the history of gender-based crimes against humanity, examining the process by which the International Criminal Court came to recognize this specific category as differentiating from existing sexual crimes. Focusing on the prominent case of former Lord’s Resistance Army commander Dominic Ongwen, various perspectives across international law are explored in order to understand the justification for creating new charges addressing gender-based crimes, such as forced marriage. Considering the recent conviction of Mr. Ongwen in 2021, this 2020 article provides excellent insight into the current paradigm shift occurring within international law concerning the prosecution of gender-based crimes against humanity. ","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6516
Max Touchette, Maryam Mughal
{"title":"Editorial Team | Équipe éditoriale","authors":"Max Touchette, Maryam Mughal","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131528431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6213
Dilse Kaygisiz
Previous studies have highlighted the importance of attitudinal and social change in making laws effective in their implementation. Moreover, scholarship on social movements found that one of the drivers of getting demands across the right platforms and being appropriately represented was by framing movements’ goals into collective identities. How can framing issues and the socio-political context explain the progress of women’s movements regarding violence against women? I argue that in Turkey and the Philippines, women’s movements redefined violence against women as a public issue by contesting the state rhetoric that domestic violence was an ungendered family matter, which led to the passing of protective laws against violence against women and more specifically on domestic violence. However, these movements’ attempts in the two countries to affect policy saw different consequences given the unified agenda that they could follow and the political climate in which they could operate.
{"title":"Redefining Violence against Women and Framing Issues","authors":"Dilse Kaygisiz","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6213","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have highlighted the importance of attitudinal and social change in making laws effective in their implementation. Moreover, scholarship on social movements found that one of the drivers of getting demands across the right platforms and being appropriately represented was by framing movements’ goals into collective identities. How can framing issues and the socio-political context explain the progress of women’s movements regarding violence against women? \u0000I argue that in Turkey and the Philippines, women’s movements redefined violence against women as a public issue by contesting the state rhetoric that domestic violence was an ungendered family matter, which led to the passing of protective laws against violence against women and more specifically on domestic violence. However, these movements’ attempts in the two countries to affect policy saw different consequences given the unified agenda that they could follow and the political climate in which they could operate.","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121598744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6341
Sawyer Junger
The ratification of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement allows countries to engage in compliance-based carbon markets which will allow countries to offset their own carbon emissions by investing in emissions reductions elsewhere. Given this recent development, it bears considering whether the international system is prepared to adopt existing voluntary carbon markets into a compliance system. Accordingly, this paper examines the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of major REDD+ host countries to determine whether they are prepared to adopt this program under the compliance-based system. Given the well-documented risks of carbon offset markets to indirectly increase emission (via non-additionality, leakage, or incentivizing weak governance from host states), this paper argues that host states need to set clear guidelines towards the roles internal decarbonization policy and what is additional contributions from carbon markets. This paper ultimately argues that REDD+ is ill-equipped to function under a carbon market as host states appear reliant on REDD+ to achieve their own internal climate goals and suggests that better accountability is needed for REDD+ to be adopted under article 6.
{"title":"REDD+ But Not Ready","authors":"Sawyer Junger","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6341","url":null,"abstract":"The ratification of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement allows countries to engage in compliance-based carbon markets which will allow countries to offset their own carbon emissions by investing in emissions reductions elsewhere. Given this recent development, it bears considering whether the international system is prepared to adopt existing voluntary carbon markets into a compliance system. Accordingly, this paper examines the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of major REDD+ host countries to determine whether they are prepared to adopt this program under the compliance-based system. Given the well-documented risks of carbon offset markets to indirectly increase emission (via non-additionality, leakage, or incentivizing weak governance from host states), this paper argues that host states need to set clear guidelines towards the roles internal decarbonization policy and what is additional contributions from carbon markets. This paper ultimately argues that REDD+ is ill-equipped to function under a carbon market as host states appear reliant on REDD+ to achieve their own internal climate goals and suggests that better accountability is needed for REDD+ to be adopted under article 6. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131162792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6307
Gabrielle Goyet
En février 2022, la France a officiellement retiré ses forces armées du territoire malien. Cette annonce est survenue un peu plus de 9 ans après le coup d’envoi de la mission Serval au Mali, elle-même suivie de l’opération Barkhane dans le grand Sahel un an plus tard. Ces deux initiatives avaient pour but de lutter contre le terrorisme, notamment en s’attaquant à des groupes djihadistes, dont Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique (AQMI) et Ansar Dine. Si l’arrivée de l’armée française était initialement applaudie, le narratif a connu un revirement important au fil des ans : les soldats français sont rapidement devenus des symboles d’un post-colonialisme, représentant l’ancienne métropole coloniale infiltrée dans les affaires nationales d’une ancienne colonie. Au lendemain du retrait des troupes, il est d’autant plus important de se pencher sur les effets de l’intervention militaire française au Mali, et plus généralement dans la région sahélienne. Les interventions militaires apportent leur lot de conséquences sur le pays hôte, mais également sur les populations locales. On constate donc parmi les grands impacts l’affaiblissement de l’État malien et l’expansion de la crise sécuritaire à l’échelle régionale, mais aussi une restructuration du paysage djihadiste et une dégradation des conditions socio-économiques pour la population. Le retrait des forces françaises laisse donc planer une question particulière : le bilan de Serval et Barkhane s’avère-t-il positif ou négatif pour le Mali?
{"title":"Serval et Barkhane : des interventions aux multiples conséquences","authors":"Gabrielle Goyet","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6307","url":null,"abstract":"En février 2022, la France a officiellement retiré ses forces armées du territoire malien. Cette annonce est survenue un peu plus de 9 ans après le coup d’envoi de la mission Serval au Mali, elle-même suivie de l’opération Barkhane dans le grand Sahel un an plus tard. Ces deux initiatives avaient pour but de lutter contre le terrorisme, notamment en s’attaquant à des groupes djihadistes, dont Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique (AQMI) et Ansar Dine. Si l’arrivée de l’armée française était initialement applaudie, le narratif a connu un revirement important au fil des ans : les soldats français sont rapidement devenus des symboles d’un post-colonialisme, représentant l’ancienne métropole coloniale infiltrée dans les affaires nationales d’une ancienne colonie. Au lendemain du retrait des troupes, il est d’autant plus important de se pencher sur les effets de l’intervention militaire française au Mali, et plus généralement dans la région sahélienne. Les interventions militaires apportent leur lot de conséquences sur le pays hôte, mais également sur les populations locales. On constate donc parmi les grands impacts l’affaiblissement de l’État malien et l’expansion de la crise sécuritaire à l’échelle régionale, mais aussi une restructuration du paysage djihadiste et une dégradation des conditions socio-économiques pour la population. Le retrait des forces françaises laisse donc planer une question particulière : le bilan de Serval et Barkhane s’avère-t-il positif ou négatif pour le Mali?","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128064276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18192/potentia.v13i.6370
Akonassou Fleury Ouendo
Cette recherche fait une analyse historique de l’exercice du droit à l’autodétermination des peuples qui peut susciter moult réflexions au regard de certains cas d’expériences concrètes. Créées pour promouvoir la paix et le règlement pacifique des conflits entre États, les Nations Unies se retrouvent bien souvent impuissantes face aux conflits internes et tiraillés entre des principes contradictoires : le respect des droits de l’homme et la non-ingérence dans les affaires internes des États. Sans oublier l’opposition des États membres au sein de l’organisation qui empêche son action. Ces conflits internes entre un État et une partie de sa population qui revendique sa libre détermination débouchent alors bien souvent sur des guerres fratricides au bilan humain lourd.
{"title":"L’autodétermination : de la difficile naissance à l’impossible application du droit par les Nations Unies ?","authors":"Akonassou Fleury Ouendo","doi":"10.18192/potentia.v13i.6370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v13i.6370","url":null,"abstract":"Cette recherche fait une analyse historique de l’exercice du droit à l’autodétermination des peuples qui peut susciter moult réflexions au regard de certains cas d’expériences concrètes. Créées pour promouvoir la paix et le règlement pacifique des conflits entre États, les Nations Unies se retrouvent bien souvent impuissantes face aux conflits internes et tiraillés entre des principes contradictoires : le respect des droits de l’homme et la non-ingérence dans les affaires internes des États. Sans oublier l’opposition des États membres au sein de l’organisation qui empêche son action. Ces conflits internes entre un État et une partie de sa population qui revendique sa libre détermination débouchent alors bien souvent sur des guerres fratricides au bilan humain lourd. ","PeriodicalId":223759,"journal":{"name":"Potentia: Journal of International Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122707354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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