Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.1-3
G. Zhu
{"title":"Henoch-Schonlein Purpura with TCM Trials – A Case Report","authors":"G. Zhu","doi":"10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87386144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.14-22
T. E. Busha, D. Braekeleer, Y. Tie, E. Deconinck, N. Mitangala, O. Vandenberg, Coppieters, F. Vermeulen, C. Harrison, B. Byl
We studied 15 specimens of amoxicillin and 9 specimens of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid collected from pharmacies in Goma, DR Congo. Their claimed origin was India (n=11), DR Congo (n=5), France (n=4), Kenya (n=1), China (n=1), Germany(n=1), and Switzerland (n=1). The specimens were checked for falsifications following the WHO checklist. Content identity and amount of antibiotics in the specimens was investigated by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrophotometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). Nine of the 24 samples fulfilled the WHO criteria of counterfeit drugs, but all samples contained the active ingredients as claimed on the packages. We found under dosage of 90% and less in 3 of the 15 amoxicillin samples and in none of the 9 combined specimens. Amoxicillin over dosage (defined as 110% or more of indicated content) was found in 3 of the amoxicillin and in 1 of the combined specimens. Clavulanic acid was underdosed in none but overdosed in 5 of the 9 combined specimens. Our results highlight the need for drug quality control through inspection and specific analytical methods such as spectrophotometry and chromatography to reduce the public health challenge of illegal and substandard medicines in sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Contents of Amoxicillin Drugs Dispensed in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"T. E. Busha, D. Braekeleer, Y. Tie, E. Deconinck, N. Mitangala, O. Vandenberg, Coppieters, F. Vermeulen, C. Harrison, B. Byl","doi":"10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.14-22","url":null,"abstract":"We studied 15 specimens of amoxicillin and 9 specimens of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid collected from pharmacies in Goma, DR Congo. Their claimed origin was India (n=11), DR Congo (n=5), France (n=4), Kenya (n=1), China (n=1), Germany(n=1), and Switzerland (n=1). The specimens were checked for falsifications following the WHO checklist. Content identity and amount of antibiotics in the specimens was investigated by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrophotometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). Nine of the 24 samples fulfilled the WHO criteria of counterfeit drugs, but all samples contained the active ingredients as claimed on the packages. We found under dosage of 90% and less in 3 of the 15 amoxicillin samples and in none of the 9 combined specimens. Amoxicillin over dosage (defined as 110% or more of indicated content) was found in 3 of the amoxicillin and in 1 of the combined specimens. Clavulanic acid was underdosed in none but overdosed in 5 of the 9 combined specimens. Our results highlight the need for drug quality control through inspection and specific analytical methods such as spectrophotometry and chromatography to reduce the public health challenge of illegal and substandard medicines in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76986217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.43-48
S. Saboo, G. Tapadiya
{"title":"In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of the Crude Extracts of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd Leaves (Sterculiaceae)","authors":"S. Saboo, G. Tapadiya","doi":"10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.43-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.2.1.2022.43-48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91430416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.40-46
Fatehalrahman F. Magbool, Abdrhman Mahmoud Gamil, M. A. Ibrahim, Mohamd E. Adam
A Simple, sensitive, specific, UV Spectrophotometric method has been designed and developed for the determination of sildenafil citrate in bulk power and in pharmaceutical dosage form as well as its application for the routine quality control analysis of Sildenafil in bulk as well as in tablet formulations. The optimum condition for the analysis of the drug was established. Sildenafil citrate exhibiting absorption at 295 nm. The proposed method exhibited good levels of detection and quantitation. The specificity of the method was determined by checking the interference of placebo with analyte. There was no interference is observed. The regression equation for the Beer-Lambert’s plot of pure Sildenafil citrate was found to be; Y = 0.190 x and the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9990. The Beer’s plot was obeyed in concentration range between 0.001-0.005 mg/mL. There is good correlation between absorbance and concentration. Which is the basis of this method of analysis. The repeatability and intermediate precision were also assessed. The developed method was found to be precise as the % RSD values. The application of the validated method to the three brands showed that all brands had values within the range specified in the IP (90110%). The results and the statistical parameters demonstrate that the proposed UV spectrophotometric method is simple, rapid, specific, accurate and precise. Since the method can be used for estimation and routine quality control of Sildenafil in bulk as well as in tablet formulations.
{"title":"Design and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation and the Routine Quality Control Analysis of Sildenafil Citrate in Bulk and in Tablet Formulations","authors":"Fatehalrahman F. Magbool, Abdrhman Mahmoud Gamil, M. A. Ibrahim, Mohamd E. Adam","doi":"10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.40-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.40-46","url":null,"abstract":"A Simple, sensitive, specific, UV Spectrophotometric method has been designed and developed for the determination of sildenafil citrate in bulk power and in pharmaceutical dosage form as well as its application for the routine quality control analysis of Sildenafil in bulk as well as in tablet formulations. The optimum condition for the analysis of the drug was established. Sildenafil citrate exhibiting absorption at 295 nm. The proposed method exhibited good levels of detection and quantitation. The specificity of the method was determined by checking the interference of placebo with analyte. There was no interference is observed. The regression equation for the Beer-Lambert’s plot of pure Sildenafil citrate was found to be; Y = 0.190 x and the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9990. The Beer’s plot was obeyed in concentration range between 0.001-0.005 mg/mL. There is good correlation between absorbance and concentration. Which is the basis of this method of analysis. The repeatability and intermediate precision were also assessed. The developed method was found to be precise as the % RSD values. The application of the validated method to the three brands showed that all brands had values within the range specified in the IP (90110%). The results and the statistical parameters demonstrate that the proposed UV spectrophotometric method is simple, rapid, specific, accurate and precise. Since the method can be used for estimation and routine quality control of Sildenafil in bulk as well as in tablet formulations.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90325759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.11-15
G. Zhu
{"title":"Target Therapy, from its Initial Clinical Breakthroughs to Current Hot Spot","authors":"G. Zhu","doi":"10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.11-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.11-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75340715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.47-53
Md. Nur Amin Bitu, Md Saddam Hossain, Md. Ali Asraf, Md. Faruk Hossen, M. Kudrat-E-Zahan, undefined undefined
{"title":"Mixed Ligand Oxovanadium (IV) Complexes of 5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and Amino Acid Schiff Bases Containing Salicylaldehyde: Synthesis and Characterization with Antibacterial Properties","authors":"Md. Nur Amin Bitu, Md Saddam Hossain, Md. Ali Asraf, Md. Faruk Hossen, M. Kudrat-E-Zahan, undefined undefined","doi":"10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.47-53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77535773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.1-10
F. B. Mandal
{"title":"Survival Strategies of Host, Parasite, and Vector in Human Malaria","authors":"F. B. Mandal","doi":"10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/afjps.1.1.2021.1-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83089689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty fresh sugarcane juice samples were randomly bought from street vendors from 20 localities in Dar es Salaam city. Each sample was subjected to identification of microbial contaminants and microbiological assays. All samples were clear and odorless with pH ranging from 3.6 to 4.8. Most of the sugarcane juices harbored microorganisms beyond acceptable limits. Bacterial counts ranged from 1.44×10 5 to 6.0×10 5 cfu/ml and fungal counts from 1.36×10 5 to 2.64×10 5 cfu/ml, exceeding the specified limits by 10 to 100 folds. A total of 25 bacterial and 23 fungal (15 yeasts and 8 molds) isolates were found. Predominantly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while isolated fungi were Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus . Over 60% of bacterial contaminants were fecal coliforms, an indication of poor sanitary and unhygienic conditions of vendors/production sites. The microbiological quality of sugarcane juices vended in Dar es Salaam streets was thus questionable. Keywords: Microbiological quality, sugarcane juice, microbial contaminants
{"title":"Microbiological quality of freshly squeezed sugar-cane juices vended in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"K. Mwambete, Mpenda Hamis Mpenda","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V22I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V22I3","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty fresh sugarcane juice samples were randomly bought from street vendors from 20 localities in Dar es Salaam city. Each sample was subjected to identification of microbial contaminants and microbiological assays. All samples were clear and odorless with pH ranging from 3.6 to 4.8. Most of the sugarcane juices harbored microorganisms beyond acceptable limits. Bacterial counts ranged from 1.44×10 5 to 6.0×10 5 cfu/ml and fungal counts from 1.36×10 5 to 2.64×10 5 cfu/ml, exceeding the specified limits by 10 to 100 folds. A total of 25 bacterial and 23 fungal (15 yeasts and 8 molds) isolates were found. Predominantly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while isolated fungi were Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus . Over 60% of bacterial contaminants were fecal coliforms, an indication of poor sanitary and unhygienic conditions of vendors/production sites. The microbiological quality of sugarcane juices vended in Dar es Salaam streets was thus questionable. Keywords: Microbiological quality, sugarcane juice, microbial contaminants","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72693453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mosha, Raphael Zozimus Sangeda, D. Ocheng, P. Risha, V. Muchunguzi, J. Vercauteren, E. Lyamuya, A. Vandamme, E. Kaale
Adherence is one of the most crucial determinants of treatment response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 Care and Treatment Centres (CTC) in Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Data was collected using questionnaire and appointments records. A total of 943 patients attending at the care and treatment sites in Dar es Salaam and Iringa were recruited. Adherence based on keeping appointments and on four days recall was 65% and 70%, respectively. Adherence based on taking ART more than 95% of the time in one month was 83%. Satisfaction with health services, having treatment support, having knowledge on the use of ART, early presentation to CTC, and being on ART for more than one year, were associated with good adherence. Being in the urban region, using traditional medicine, medicine side effects and alcohol consumption problems negatively associated with adherence to ART. Keywords: Adherence barriers, antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Tanzania, rural, urban
{"title":"Factors influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in an Urban and Rural Setting, Tanzania","authors":"F. Mosha, Raphael Zozimus Sangeda, D. Ocheng, P. Risha, V. Muchunguzi, J. Vercauteren, E. Lyamuya, A. Vandamme, E. Kaale","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V22I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V22I1","url":null,"abstract":"Adherence is one of the most crucial determinants of treatment response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 Care and Treatment Centres (CTC) in Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Data was collected using questionnaire and appointments records. A total of 943 patients attending at the care and treatment sites in Dar es Salaam and Iringa were recruited. Adherence based on keeping appointments and on four days recall was 65% and 70%, respectively. Adherence based on taking ART more than 95% of the time in one month was 83%. Satisfaction with health services, having treatment support, having knowledge on the use of ART, early presentation to CTC, and being on ART for more than one year, were associated with good adherence. Being in the urban region, using traditional medicine, medicine side effects and alcohol consumption problems negatively associated with adherence to ART. Keywords: Adherence barriers, antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Tanzania, rural, urban","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75180487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occurrences of poisoning continue to be reported in Kenya as well as in different parts of the world. Poisoning often occurs due to accidental or deliberate intake of an overdose of chemicals, medical drugs as well as plant or animal toxins. We investigated the recent patterns and extent of acute poisoning, complications and outcomes among pediatric patients treated in Kenyatta National Hospital. A crosssectional retrospective study was conducted in the Pediatric Department. Data was collected from 142 files of pediatric patients aged 0-12 years old for the period 1 st January 2014 - 30 th June 2017. Data collected included age of the patient, gender, type of poison, circumstances of poisoning, clinical presentation, severity, management and outcomes. Results obtained indicated that the age group most affected was 0-5 years old and that males were more affected than females. Poisoning was mostly attributed to accidental intake. Kerosene, organophosphates and herbal drugs were the leading causative agents. It was found that 32.4% of the patients died from various complications arising from poisoning. Keywords: Poisoning, pediatric patients, Kenyatta National Hospital, kerosene, organophosphates, herbal drugs
{"title":"Patterns of Acute Poisoning among Pediatric Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi between 2014 and 2017","authors":"Kipruto A. Sinei, Linda W. Nduni","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V21I1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V21I1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Occurrences of poisoning continue to be reported in Kenya as well as in different parts of the world. Poisoning often occurs due to accidental or deliberate intake of an overdose of chemicals, medical drugs as well as plant or animal toxins. We investigated the recent patterns and extent of acute poisoning, complications and outcomes among pediatric patients treated in Kenyatta National Hospital. A crosssectional retrospective study was conducted in the Pediatric Department. Data was collected from 142 files of pediatric patients aged 0-12 years old for the period 1 st January 2014 - 30 th June 2017. Data collected included age of the patient, gender, type of poison, circumstances of poisoning, clinical presentation, severity, management and outcomes. Results obtained indicated that the age group most affected was 0-5 years old and that males were more affected than females. Poisoning was mostly attributed to accidental intake. Kerosene, organophosphates and herbal drugs were the leading causative agents. It was found that 32.4% of the patients died from various complications arising from poisoning. Keywords: Poisoning, pediatric patients, Kenyatta National Hospital, kerosene, organophosphates, herbal drugs","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85210473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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