Pub Date : 2008-12-15DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9764
H. Chepkwony, N. Mwaura, E. Guantai, E. Gathoni, F. Kamau, E. Mbae, G. Wang’ang’a, S. Muteru, N. Birgen, M. Wandeto
During the period 2002–2005, the National Quality Control Laboratory analysed 229 samples of antimalarial drugs. In 2002, 42% of these products failed to comply with compendial specifications, with the sulfadoxine/ sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products forming 39% of the total failures. The respective percentages were 46% and 84% for 2003 and 36% and 72% for 2004. By May 2005, the only failures reported were of sulfadoxine/sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products. Until recently, sulfadoxine/sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products were the first-line malaria treatment regimen in Kenya. These analytical results raise concerns that the reported therapeutic failures associated with the use of these products could possibly be due to the administration of sub-standard sulfadoxine/sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products to patients. The same could be true of artemisinin based combinations which are the current first-line treatment regimen if the observed trend continues Keywords : Antimalarials, dissolution, assay, quality control tests East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 59-62
{"title":"Quality of Antimalarial Drugs Analysed in the National Quality Control Laboratory during the Period 2002–2005","authors":"H. Chepkwony, N. Mwaura, E. Guantai, E. Gathoni, F. Kamau, E. Mbae, G. Wang’ang’a, S. Muteru, N. Birgen, M. Wandeto","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9764","url":null,"abstract":"During the period 2002–2005, the National Quality Control Laboratory analysed 229 samples of antimalarial drugs. In 2002, 42% of these products failed to comply with compendial specifications, with the sulfadoxine/ sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products forming 39% of the total failures. The respective percentages were 46% and 84% for 2003 and 36% and 72% for 2004. By May 2005, the only failures reported were of sulfadoxine/sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products. Until recently, sulfadoxine/sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products were the first-line malaria treatment regimen in Kenya. These analytical results raise concerns that the reported therapeutic failures associated with the use of these products could possibly be due to the administration of sub-standard sulfadoxine/sulfamethoxypyrazine and pyrimethamine combination products to patients. The same could be true of artemisinin based combinations which are the current first-line treatment regimen if the observed trend continues Keywords : Antimalarials, dissolution, assay, quality control tests East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 59-62","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82053025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-15DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9763
C. Nyamwange, J. Maina, Hs Nyandieka
Although neem oil extract is widely used in Africa and Asia for the treatment and prevention of malaria, its inhibitory effect on the growth of malaria parasites in vivo has not been fully tested. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of neem oil extract against the growth of rodent malaria parasite in the mice were investigated. The results revealed that administration of neem oil to the mice infected by rodent malaria parasite reduces the rate of development of Plasmodium berghei . These results show that neem oil extract could be an effective antimalarial agent in humans that merits further investigations using human parasites. Keywords : Neem oil, inhibitory effect, Plasmodium berghei , mice East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 56-58
虽然印楝油提取物在非洲和亚洲被广泛用于治疗和预防疟疾，但其对疟原虫体内生长的抑制作用尚未得到充分的测试。本文研究了印楝油提取物对小鼠体内啮齿动物疟原虫生长的抑制作用。结果表明，对感染啮齿动物疟原虫的小鼠施用印楝油可降低伯氏疟原虫的发展速度。这些结果表明，印楝油提取物可能是一种有效的人类抗疟剂，值得利用人类寄生虫进行进一步的研究。关键词:印楝油，抑制作用，伯氏疟原虫，小鼠东非和中非药学杂志Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 56-58
{"title":"The Inhibitory Effects of Neem Oil against the Development of Plasmodium berghei in Mice","authors":"C. Nyamwange, J. Maina, Hs Nyandieka","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9763","url":null,"abstract":"Although neem oil extract is widely used in Africa and Asia for the treatment and prevention of malaria, its inhibitory effect on the growth of malaria parasites in vivo has not been fully tested. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of neem oil extract against the growth of rodent malaria parasite in the mice were investigated. The results revealed that administration of neem oil to the mice infected by rodent malaria parasite reduces the rate of development of Plasmodium berghei . These results show that neem oil extract could be an effective antimalarial agent in humans that merits further investigations using human parasites. Keywords : Neem oil, inhibitory effect, Plasmodium berghei , mice East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 56-58","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":"56-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-15DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9766
R. Chigwanda, Pr Chinopfukutwa
An evaluation of propranolol hydrochloride release from hydrogenated castor oil–gum tragacanth matrices was carried out. The pH of the dissolution medium was found to affect propranolol hydrochloride release from such matrices. Acidic pH was found to enhance release while alkaline pH retarded release. This was attributed to possibly the effect of gum tragacanth matrix material or the propranolol hydrochloride itself. Either square root of time kinetics or first order kinetics could explain propranolol hydrochloride release mechanism from the hydrogenated castor oil–gum tragacanth matrices. Addition of hydrophobic hydrogenated castor oil matrix material to the hydrophilic gum tragacanth matrix was found to enhance release. This was attributed to possibly the disruption of the gum tragacanth matrix by the hydrophobic hydrogenated castor oil matrix material. Although gum tragacanth is primarily a hydrophilic material, it was found to have better release sustaining characteristics than the hydrophobic matrix material hydrogenated castor oil. Keywords : Hydrogenated castor oil, gum tragacanth, matrix, hydrophobic, hydrophilic East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp.68-71
{"title":"Evaluation of a Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic (Hydrogenated Castor Oil-Gum Tragacanth) Matrix using Propranolol Hydrochloride as Test Drug","authors":"R. Chigwanda, Pr Chinopfukutwa","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9766","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of propranolol hydrochloride release from hydrogenated castor oil–gum tragacanth matrices was carried out. The pH of the dissolution medium was found to affect propranolol hydrochloride release from such matrices. Acidic pH was found to enhance release while alkaline pH retarded release. This was attributed to possibly the effect of gum tragacanth matrix material or the propranolol hydrochloride itself. Either square root of time kinetics or first order kinetics could explain propranolol hydrochloride release mechanism from the hydrogenated castor oil–gum tragacanth matrices. Addition of hydrophobic hydrogenated castor oil matrix material to the hydrophilic gum tragacanth matrix was found to enhance release. This was attributed to possibly the disruption of the gum tragacanth matrix by the hydrophobic hydrogenated castor oil matrix material. Although gum tragacanth is primarily a hydrophilic material, it was found to have better release sustaining characteristics than the hydrophobic matrix material hydrogenated castor oil. Keywords : Hydrogenated castor oil, gum tragacanth, matrix, hydrophobic, hydrophilic East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp.68-71","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":"68-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80645424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-15DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9765
C. Nshimo, A. Kamuhabwa, Z. Mbwambo, P. Witte
Plants have shown to be good sources of a variety of drugs for human ailments including cancer. Tanzania is rich in plant species most of which have not been investigated for any biological activity. In the continuing effort to screen Tanzanian plants for anticancer activity, plants were collected from Lindi region and extracts tested for the activity using two cell lines namely RT112 (Human bladder transitional cell carcinoma) and HeLa (Human cervical carcinoma). Of the 52 extracts from 26 plants of different families tested, 5 demonstrated potential activity on the cells. Extract X13 had an exceptionally high activity on both cell lines while extract X29 was highly active on HeLa cells. Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the extracts that have shown anticancer activity in these cell lines is recommended. Keywords : Medicinal plants, extracts, anticancer activity, screening East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 63-67
植物已被证明是治疗包括癌症在内的人类疾病的多种药物的良好来源。坦桑尼亚拥有丰富的植物物种，其中大多数尚未对其生物活性进行过调查。为了继续筛选坦桑尼亚植物的抗癌活性，我们收集了来自林迪地区的植物，并使用两种细胞系RT112(人膀胱移行细胞癌)和HeLa(人宫颈癌)对其提取物进行了活性测试。在26个不同科植物的52种提取物中，有5种对细胞有潜在的活性。提取物X13对两种细胞系均有较高的活性，而提取物X29对HeLa细胞有较高的活性。建议从提取物中分离出具有抗癌活性的成分。关键词:药用植物，提取物，抗癌活性，筛选东非和中非药物科学杂志Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 63-67
{"title":"Anticancer Activity of Extracts from some Endemic Tanzanian Plants","authors":"C. Nshimo, A. Kamuhabwa, Z. Mbwambo, P. Witte","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I3.9765","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have shown to be good sources of a variety of drugs for human ailments including cancer. Tanzania is rich in plant species most of which have not been investigated for any biological activity. In the continuing effort to screen Tanzanian plants for anticancer activity, plants were collected from Lindi region and extracts tested for the activity using two cell lines namely RT112 (Human bladder transitional cell carcinoma) and HeLa (Human cervical carcinoma). Of the 52 extracts from 26 plants of different families tested, 5 demonstrated potential activity on the cells. Extract X13 had an exceptionally high activity on both cell lines while extract X29 was highly active on HeLa cells. Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the extracts that have shown anticancer activity in these cell lines is recommended. Keywords : Medicinal plants, extracts, anticancer activity, screening East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (3) 2007: pp. 63-67","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73193254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-11DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9762
T. K. Ndungu, S. Maru, K. Kuria, P. Karimi, J. M. Bururia
A retrospective descriptive study was carried out from June to November 2004 in a retail pharmacy situated at the School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi within the Kenyatta National Hospital complex. The objective was to evaluate prescribing habits and to determine the frequency of prescribing of commonly used drug classes in a hospital. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.20 1.16. The prevalence of prescribing was 28.6% anti-infective drugs, 21.1% musculoskeletal agents, 16.6% respiratory system drugs, 8.1% cardiovascular system drugs, 7.2% central nervous system drugs, 7.1% gastrointestinal system drugs, 4.3% minerals and vitamins, 2.1% ear, nose and throat drugs, 1.1% endocrine drugs, 2% skin preparations, 0.9% anticancer drugs and 0.74% eye preparations. The prescribing habits evaluated were compared to the legal requirements in Kenya and to recommended international practice. The information gathered may serve as a basis for rational use of drugs. Keywords : keyword; keyword; keyword East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 50-54
2004年6月至11月，在肯雅塔国家医院内内罗毕大学药学院的一家零售药房进行了回顾性描述性研究。目的是评估处方习惯，确定医院常用药物类别的处方频率。每张处方的平均药品数量为2.201.16。处方占比分别为:抗感染类药物28.6%、肌肉骨骼类药物21.1%、呼吸系统类药物16.6%、心血管系统类药物8.1%、中枢神经系统类药物7.2%、胃肠系统类药物7.1%、矿物质和维生素4.3%、耳鼻喉类药物2.1%、内分泌类药物1.1%、皮肤类药物2%、抗癌类药物0.9%、眼部类药物0.74%。评估的处方习惯与肯尼亚的法律要求和建议的国际惯例进行了比较。收集到的信息可作为合理用药的依据。关键词:关键词;关键字;关键词东非和中非医药科学杂志Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 50-54
{"title":"Prescription Audit carried out at the Pharmacy Practice Centre of the University of Nairobi between June and November 2004","authors":"T. K. Ndungu, S. Maru, K. Kuria, P. Karimi, J. M. Bururia","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9762","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective descriptive study was carried out from June to November 2004 in a retail pharmacy situated at the School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi within the Kenyatta National Hospital complex. The objective was to evaluate prescribing habits and to determine the frequency of prescribing of commonly used drug classes in a hospital. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.20 1.16. The prevalence of prescribing was 28.6% anti-infective drugs, 21.1% musculoskeletal agents, 16.6% respiratory system drugs, 8.1% cardiovascular system drugs, 7.2% central nervous system drugs, 7.1% gastrointestinal system drugs, 4.3% minerals and vitamins, 2.1% ear, nose and throat drugs, 1.1% endocrine drugs, 2% skin preparations, 0.9% anticancer drugs and 0.74% eye preparations. The prescribing habits evaluated were compared to the legal requirements in Kenya and to recommended international practice. The information gathered may serve as a basis for rational use of drugs. Keywords : keyword; keyword; keyword East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 50-54","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87452687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-11DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9760
G. Sammaiah, K. Thirupathi, R. Srivastava
The alcoholic extract of Polygala arvensis (family Polygalaceae) was screened for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals. The extract was administered for three consecutive days. Following an oral dose of 25 - 100 mg/kg, the extract exhibited graded dose response equivalent to 16.24% - 55.43% protection in the tail flick latent test in rats. Oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract administered to mice effectively increased reaction time in the hot plate method by 69.55% (p Keywords : Polygala arvensis , alcoholic extract, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 39-44
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of the Alcoholic Extract of Indian Polygala arvensis in Experimental Animals","authors":"G. Sammaiah, K. Thirupathi, R. Srivastava","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9760","url":null,"abstract":"The alcoholic extract of Polygala arvensis (family Polygalaceae) was screened for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals. The extract was administered for three consecutive days. Following an oral dose of 25 - 100 mg/kg, the extract exhibited graded dose response equivalent to 16.24% - 55.43% protection in the tail flick latent test in rats. Oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract administered to mice effectively increased reaction time in the hot plate method by 69.55% (p Keywords : Polygala arvensis , alcoholic extract, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 39-44","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77049453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-11DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9759
G. Rimoy, M. Justim-Temu, A. Shah
A study was conducted in three District Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, namely Temeke, Mwananyamala and Amana. Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.4 (range 2.9-4.1) while the average number of antihypertensive drugs per prescription was 2.2 (range 1.9-2.6). Prescribing of generic antihypertensives was low with a mean of 33% (range 25-49). The percentages of antibiotics and injections appearing per prescription were 4.8% and 9.8% respectively. The percentages of prescriptions containing both an antidiabetic and a thiazide diuretic were 18.3%, 30.8% and 50.9% for Temeke, Amana and Mwananyamala respectively. The combination of an antidiabetic and propranolol was encountered in 54.8% and 45.2% of prescriptions from Temeke and Mwananyamala respectively. Prescriptions containing a combination of an antidiabetic, a thiazide diuretic and propranolol constituted 43.5%, 39.0% and 17.5% of the total for Temeke, Amana and Mwananyamala respectively. The average patient consultation time was 3.7 minutes whereas the average dispensing time was 45.1 seconds. Overall, 91% of all drugs dispensed were adequately labelled and patients' knowledge of the correct dose was adequate. All facilities possessed most of the essential antihypertensives and antidiabetics and had adequate reference materials. The drug prescribing pattern for hypertension in the three district hospitals showed that prescribers need to be more conscious of rational prescribing algorithms. Keywords : Prescribing pattern, antihypertensives, antidiabetics East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 34-38
{"title":"Hypertension Management in the District Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"G. Rimoy, M. Justim-Temu, A. Shah","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9759","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in three District Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, namely Temeke, Mwananyamala and Amana. Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.4 (range 2.9-4.1) while the average number of antihypertensive drugs per prescription was 2.2 (range 1.9-2.6). Prescribing of generic antihypertensives was low with a mean of 33% (range 25-49). The percentages of antibiotics and injections appearing per prescription were 4.8% and 9.8% respectively. The percentages of prescriptions containing both an antidiabetic and a thiazide diuretic were 18.3%, 30.8% and 50.9% for Temeke, Amana and Mwananyamala respectively. The combination of an antidiabetic and propranolol was encountered in 54.8% and 45.2% of prescriptions from Temeke and Mwananyamala respectively. Prescriptions containing a combination of an antidiabetic, a thiazide diuretic and propranolol constituted 43.5%, 39.0% and 17.5% of the total for Temeke, Amana and Mwananyamala respectively. The average patient consultation time was 3.7 minutes whereas the average dispensing time was 45.1 seconds. Overall, 91% of all drugs dispensed were adequately labelled and patients' knowledge of the correct dose was adequate. All facilities possessed most of the essential antihypertensives and antidiabetics and had adequate reference materials. The drug prescribing pattern for hypertension in the three district hospitals showed that prescribers need to be more conscious of rational prescribing algorithms. Keywords : Prescribing pattern, antihypertensives, antidiabetics East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 34-38","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91424869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-11DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9761
L. Usanga, P. Gavaza, S. Matema, Kt Mukosera
Information technology (IT) has transformed the practice of pharmacy worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the pharmacists' IT use, utilization patterns and their opinions regarding IT use. The majority of pharmacies had networked computers (71.7%) and internet connections (60.9%). Pharmacists had poor knowledge of IT (mean rating score = 2.28 ± 0.83) and limited knowledge of the available online resources. The majority of pharmacists used Google for internet literature searches. About 78.1% of pharmacists agreed/strongly agreed that IT had a role to play in pharmacy practice. Internet surfing (89.1%), web browser navigation (67.4%) and advanced e-mail management skills (58.7%) were the most cited pharmacists' future needs. Harare community pharmacists were found to have poor IT knowledge and generally under utilize IT. More structured informatics training should be given to pharmacists and pharmacy students to better their knowledge and utilization of IT. Keywords : Information technology, pharmacy, Harare, Zimbabwe East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 45-49
信息技术(IT)已经改变了世界范围内的药学实践。本研究旨在了解药师的资讯科技使用情况、使用模式及对资讯科技的看法。大多数药房有联网计算机(71.7%)和互联网连接(60.9%)。药师对IT知识的了解程度较低(平均评分= 2.28±0.83)，对现有网络资源的了解程度有限。大多数药剂师使用谷歌进行网络文献搜索。约78.1%的药剂师同意/非常同意资讯科技在药学工作中发挥作用。上网(89.1%)、网页浏览器导航(67.4%)和高级电子邮件管理技能(58.7%)是药剂师最常提到的未来需求。哈拉雷社区药师信息技术知识贫乏，信息技术利用普遍不足。对药师和药学专业学生进行结构化的信息学培训，提高他们对信息技术的认识和运用。关键词:信息技术，药学，哈拉雷，津巴布韦东部和中部非洲医药科学杂志Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 45-49
{"title":"Information Technology Use in Community Pharmacies in Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"L. Usanga, P. Gavaza, S. Matema, Kt Mukosera","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I2.9761","url":null,"abstract":"Information technology (IT) has transformed the practice of pharmacy worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the pharmacists' IT use, utilization patterns and their opinions regarding IT use. The majority of pharmacies had networked computers (71.7%) and internet connections (60.9%). Pharmacists had poor knowledge of IT (mean rating score = 2.28 ± 0.83) and limited knowledge of the available online resources. The majority of pharmacists used Google for internet literature searches. About 78.1% of pharmacists agreed/strongly agreed that IT had a role to play in pharmacy practice. Internet surfing (89.1%), web browser navigation (67.4%) and advanced e-mail management skills (58.7%) were the most cited pharmacists' future needs. Harare community pharmacists were found to have poor IT knowledge and generally under utilize IT. More structured informatics training should be given to pharmacists and pharmacy students to better their knowledge and utilization of IT. Keywords : Information technology, pharmacy, Harare, Zimbabwe East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 10 (2) 2007: pp. 45-49","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"141 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88951976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-02-20DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I1.9756
J. Doughari, B. Okafor
The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of the roots and leaves of Senna alata were studied using the cup plate agar diffusion method. All the extracts demonstrated considerable activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria and some fungi with the organic extracts showing higher activity than the aqueous extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the methanol extracts ranged between 6-20 mg/ml and 25-100 mg/ml for bacteria and fungi respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts contained tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The results obtained show the basis for the local usage of S. alata Linn as an antimicrobial. Keywords : Senna alata, antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis, antibiotics East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Studies Vol. 10 (1) 2007: pp. 17-21
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Pub Date : 2008-02-20DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V10I1.9755
C. Soundrapadian, B. S. Kumar
Dental cements are used in dentistry for filling carious teeth. However recurrent caries occur due to limitations in cleaning carious teeth. The suitability of dental cements in releasing drug locally was studied. In addition, weight variation tests, drug content uniformity tests of the drug releasing units, the bioactivity of released drug as well as the effect of cement types, drug release media and size of drug release units on drug release were studied. The findings of the study support the use of dental cements for the delivery of antibacterial drug locally and in a controlled fashion for the prevention of recurrent caries. Keywords : Recurrent caries, antibacterial, dental cement, drug delivery. East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Studies Vol. 10 (1) 2007: pp. 14-16
牙胶合剂在牙科中用于填充蛀牙。然而，由于在清洁蛀牙方面的限制，经常发生龋病。研究了牙水泥局部释药的适宜性。此外，还研究了释药单元的重量变化试验、药物含量均匀性试验、释药的生物活性以及水泥类型、释药介质、释药单元大小对释药的影响。该研究结果支持使用牙水泥在局部和可控的方式下提供抗菌药物，以预防复发性龋齿。关键词:复发性龋;抗菌;牙水泥;东非和中非医药研究杂志Vol. 10 (1) 2007: pp. 14-16
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