Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44763
M. Govo, P. Gavaza, C. Maponga, Kt Mukosera
Community pharmacists need information about their customers’ needs, opinions and perceptions of themselves and their services, in order to serve them better. This study investigated the customers’ perceptions of community pharmacies and pharmacists in Harare, Zimbabwe. Forty three percent of the customers visited the pharmacy less than once a month. The majority of respondents (91 %) visited the pharmacy to purchase medicines recommended by their doctor. Most of the respondents (61.2 %) were not loyal to any particular pharmacy. The choice of a particular pharmacy by the respondents was mainly influenced by convenience (62.9 %). Many respondents did not have adequate knowledge of all the major roles of the pharmacist. Respondents generally held positive views and opinions of community pharmacies and community pharmacists.
{"title":"Community Pharmacy Users’ Characteristics, Reasons for Visit to the Pharmacy and Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacists in Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"M. Govo, P. Gavaza, C. Maponga, Kt Mukosera","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44763","url":null,"abstract":"Community pharmacists need information about their customers’ needs, opinions and perceptions of themselves and their services, in order to serve them better. This study investigated the customers’ perceptions of community pharmacies and pharmacists in Harare, Zimbabwe. Forty three percent of the customers visited the pharmacy less than once a month. The majority of respondents (91 %) visited the pharmacy to purchase medicines recommended by their doctor. Most of the respondents (61.2 %) were not loyal to any particular pharmacy. The choice of a particular pharmacy by the respondents was mainly influenced by convenience (62.9 %). Many respondents did not have adequate knowledge of all the major roles of the pharmacist. Respondents generally held positive views and opinions of community pharmacies and community pharmacists.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82829556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44766
Fo Mowuogwu, Bo George
Lipid peroxidation is becoming a popular biological marker of oxidative stress. Hibiscus sabdariffa has been reported to serve as a herbal remedy for various disease conditions, but studies on its antioxidant activity and the extent to which it acts remain scarce. The antioxidant activity of H. sabdariffa aqueous extracts, an indigenous herbal drink, was compared with that of ascorbic acid in Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) with ferrous sulphate-induced oxidative stress. Eye tissue and blood samples were collected for the assay of reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and glucose levels. Administration of H. sabdariffa aqueous extract (0.27 ml/kg body weight) resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.05) in glucose levels (75.48±10.87 mg/dl) as compared with ascorbic acid (88.06±4.44 mg/dl). It was also observed that the aqueous extract significantly reduced (p<0.05) the lipid hydroperoxide levels (1.66±2.24 nmol/ml) as compared with ascorbic acid (2.04±2.21 nmol/ml). The results obtained suggest that the H. sabdariffa aqueous extract possesses antioxidant potency comparable with that of ascorbic acid.
{"title":"Comparative Antioxidant Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Ascorbic Acid on Ferrous Sulphate-Induced Oxidative Stress in Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Fo Mowuogwu, Bo George","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44766","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid peroxidation is becoming a popular biological marker of oxidative stress. Hibiscus sabdariffa has been reported to serve as a herbal remedy for various disease conditions, but studies on its antioxidant activity and the extent to which it acts remain scarce. The antioxidant activity of H. sabdariffa aqueous extracts, an indigenous herbal drink, was compared with that of ascorbic acid in Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) with ferrous sulphate-induced oxidative stress. Eye tissue and blood samples were collected for the assay of reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and glucose levels. Administration of H. sabdariffa aqueous extract (0.27 ml/kg body weight) resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.05) in glucose levels (75.48±10.87 mg/dl) as compared with ascorbic acid (88.06±4.44 mg/dl). It was also observed that the aqueous extract significantly reduced (p<0.05) the lipid hydroperoxide levels (1.66±2.24 nmol/ml) as compared with ascorbic acid (2.04±2.21 nmol/ml). The results obtained suggest that the H. sabdariffa aqueous extract possesses antioxidant potency comparable with that of ascorbic acid.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78383663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44768
M. George, L. Joseph
Twenty four rats were divided into four equal groups. The control group received distilled water intraperitoneally. The second group received carbon tetrachloride 0.5 ml/kg for seven days while the third group was injected with carbon tetrachloride 0.5 ml/kg and simultaneously administered with Clerodendrum inerme extract 200 mg/kg orally for seven days. The fourth group received carbon tetrachloride 0.5 ml/kg intraperitoneally together with silymarin 200 mg/kg orally for seven days. At the end of treatment blood samples collected by direct cardiac puncture and serum were used for the marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, as well as cholesterol and triglyceride content. Rats treated with the ethanolic extract of C. inerme showed a significant decrease in the levels of the markers. The results obtained indicate that C. inerme Linn. protects the liver against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Clerodendrum inerme Linn. Ethanolic Extract","authors":"M. George, L. Joseph","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44768","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty four rats were divided into four equal groups. The control group received distilled water intraperitoneally. The second group received carbon tetrachloride 0.5 ml/kg for seven days while the third group was injected with carbon tetrachloride 0.5 ml/kg and simultaneously administered with Clerodendrum inerme extract 200 mg/kg orally for seven days. The fourth group received carbon tetrachloride 0.5 ml/kg intraperitoneally together with silymarin 200 mg/kg orally for seven days. At the end of treatment blood samples collected by direct cardiac puncture and serum were used for the marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, as well as cholesterol and triglyceride content. Rats treated with the ethanolic extract of C. inerme showed a significant decrease in the levels of the markers. The results obtained indicate that C. inerme Linn. protects the liver against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73920340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44760
L. Keter, G. Thoithi, I. Kibwage
A liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors, indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, amprenavir, nelfinavir and lopinavir, was developed and validated. Optimal separation was achieved on a PLRP-S 100 A, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D. column maintained at 60 °C, a mobile phase consisting of tetrahydrofuran-potassium phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 5.0)-tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (0.1M, pH 5.0)-water (35:30:10:25 %v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The method was found to be linear over the ranges investigated with r2 values of 0.9997-0.9915 for the six drugs. The limit of quantitation for the six drugs was 0.16 to 5.12 μg, while the limit of detection was 0.08 to 2.12 μg. The intra-day and interday precision was within the ranges of 0.39 to 1.14% and 0.55 to 1.46%, respectively.
{"title":"Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous analysis of six protease inhibitors using a polymer column .","authors":"L. Keter, G. Thoithi, I. Kibwage","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44760","url":null,"abstract":"A liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors, indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, amprenavir, nelfinavir and lopinavir, was developed and validated. Optimal separation was achieved on a PLRP-S 100 A, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D. column maintained at 60 °C, a mobile phase consisting of tetrahydrofuran-potassium phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 5.0)-tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (0.1M, pH 5.0)-water (35:30:10:25 %v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The method was found to be linear over the ranges investigated with r2 values of 0.9997-0.9915 for the six drugs. The limit of quantitation for the six drugs was 0.16 to 5.12 μg, while the limit of detection was 0.08 to 2.12 μg. The intra-day and interday precision was within the ranges of 0.39 to 1.14% and 0.55 to 1.46%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89471082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44769
A. Maima, G. Thoithi, S. Ndwigah, F. Kamau, I. Kibwage
Two sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, were isolated from the stem bark of Combretum fragrans . The identity of these compounds was established by spectral analysis.
从香公藤茎皮中分离得到两种甾醇，β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇。通过光谱分析确定了这些化合物的性质。
{"title":"Phytosterols from the stem bark of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm","authors":"A. Maima, G. Thoithi, S. Ndwigah, F. Kamau, I. Kibwage","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44769","url":null,"abstract":"Two sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, were isolated from the stem bark of Combretum fragrans . The identity of these compounds was established by spectral analysis.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74032947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44767
C. Lukhoba, G. M. Siboe
Traditional medicine has utilized plants to palliate, cure and/or prevent diseases in both humans and animals. The acquisition of knowledge has been through trial and error, and observation. Today, the enhanced search for botanical drugs throughout the world has increased the need for accurate means of identifying plants with possible pharmacological and biological activity. A number of methodologies have been used in selecting plants likely to possess pharmacological properties, but many have recorded low success rates. Data reported in this paper reveal that the accuracy of identification of these herbal drugs for pertinent ailments using ethnobotanical data is almost as accurate as techniques applied in modern medical practice. This paper discusses the value of ethno-botanical data in the preliminary search for potential drug plants.
{"title":"Use of Ethnobotanical Data in the Search for and Identification of Potential Drug Plants.","authors":"C. Lukhoba, G. M. Siboe","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I2.44767","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicine has utilized plants to palliate, cure and/or prevent diseases in both humans and animals. The acquisition of knowledge has been through trial and error, and observation. Today, the enhanced search for botanical drugs throughout the world has increased the need for accurate means of identifying plants with possible pharmacological and biological activity. A number of methodologies have been used in selecting plants likely to possess pharmacological properties, but many have recorded low success rates. Data reported in this paper reveal that the accuracy of identification of these herbal drugs for pertinent ailments using ethnobotanical data is almost as accurate as techniques applied in modern medical practice. This paper discusses the value of ethno-botanical data in the preliminary search for potential drug plants.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86991525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-31DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44761
Ş. Nilay, Ua Patil, B. Dinesh, B. Desai
The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the contribution of formulation variables on release properties of matrix type ocular films containing chloramphenicol as a model drug. This study investigated the use of cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate as film-forming agents in development of ocular films. Formulation variables were concentration of polymer and plasticizer. Prepared films were evaluated for thickness, tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate and in vitro dissolution study. All formulations showed extended drug release over a period of 12 hours. The levels of polymer and plasticizer had a significant influence on the drug release in initial periods. Diffusion exponents of all formulations were less than 0.5, which confirmed that drug release occurred without swelling of inserts. Water vapor transmission rate was influenced by concentration of plasticizer. The best formulation showed 81.26% drug release in vivo at the end of 12 h with cellulose acetate and 79.06% with cellulose acetate butyrate. The in vitroin vivo release correlation was evaluated and the regression coefficient was found to be 0.9767 and 0.9007 for cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate formulation, respectively indicating good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo drug release.
{"title":"Drug-loaded Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Films as Ocular Inserts","authors":"Ş. Nilay, Ua Patil, B. Dinesh, B. Desai","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V11I1.44761","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the contribution of formulation variables on release properties of matrix type ocular films containing chloramphenicol as a model drug. This study investigated the use of cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate as film-forming agents in development of ocular films. Formulation variables were concentration of polymer and plasticizer. Prepared films were evaluated for thickness, tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate and in vitro dissolution study. All formulations showed extended drug release over a period of 12 hours. The levels of polymer and plasticizer had a significant influence on the drug release in initial periods. Diffusion exponents of all formulations were less than 0.5, which confirmed that drug release occurred without swelling of inserts. Water vapor transmission rate was influenced by concentration of plasticizer. The best formulation showed 81.26% drug release in vivo at the end of 12 h with cellulose acetate and 79.06% with cellulose acetate butyrate. The in vitroin vivo release correlation was evaluated and the regression coefficient was found to be 0.9767 and 0.9007 for cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate formulation, respectively indicating good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo drug release.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85040706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of widespread occurrence of aflatoxins and the potential hazards associated with consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foodstuffs, a study was undertaken to determine how best to destroy aflatoxin in contaminated maize samples. Strains of Aspergillus parasiticus were used to contaminate maize to produce 1000 µg/kg of contaminated test sample. Ammoniation procedure in different concentrations of ammonia was adopted for aflatoxin destruction. Aflatoxin concentrations were determined by HPLC using fluorescence detection. The results obtained showed a proportional increase in aflatoxin destruction with the increase of ammonia concentrations. This study therefore established that ammoniation treatment under high pressure and at high ammonia concentration is more destructive to aflatoxins than treatment under atmospheric or low pressure. Ammoniation procedures may be considered suitable for large scale destruction of aflatoxins that contaminate foodstuffs stored in warm moist places.
{"title":"Destruction of Aflatoxins in Contaminated Maize Samples using Ammoniation Procedures","authors":"Hs Nyandieka, J. Maina, C. Nyamwange","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V12I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V12I3","url":null,"abstract":"Because of widespread occurrence of aflatoxins and the potential hazards associated with consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foodstuffs, a study was undertaken to determine how best to destroy aflatoxin in contaminated maize samples. Strains of Aspergillus parasiticus were used to contaminate maize to produce 1000 µg/kg of contaminated test sample. Ammoniation procedure in different concentrations of ammonia was adopted for aflatoxin destruction. Aflatoxin concentrations were determined by HPLC using fluorescence detection. The results obtained showed a proportional increase in aflatoxin destruction with the increase of ammonia concentrations. This study therefore established that ammoniation treatment under high pressure and at high ammonia concentration is more destructive to aflatoxins than treatment under atmospheric or low pressure. Ammoniation procedures may be considered suitable for large scale destruction of aflatoxins that contaminate foodstuffs stored in warm moist places.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"272 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73370923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A colorimetric assay of naproxen tablets based on chemical derivatization with the chromogenic reagent 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene diazonium ion was developed. The optimal reaction time was found to be 5 min at 30 o C after vortex mixing of the drug/reagent mixture for 10 s. The optimal analytical wavelength was found to be 470 nm and linearity of response was obtained between 1-7 μgml -1 of naproxen. The diazo coupling reaction occurred in a 2:1 reagent-drug stoichiometric ratio. The method is sensitive, accurate (mean recovery 101.06±3.06 %), reproducible (imprecision 3.03 % CV) and has a low limit of detection (0.95 μgm -1 ). It was applied in the assay of naproxen tablets with equivalent accuracy (p>0.05) to the official (BP) UV spectrophotometric method but combined the advantages of speed and more affordable instrumentation. The method can be applied in the in-process quality control of naproxen tablets. Keywords: Naproxen assay, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dintrobenzene diazonium ion (CDNBD), colorimetry, diazo coupling reaction East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 12 (2009) 8-14
{"title":"Colorimetric Assay Of Naproxen Tablets by Derivatization Using 4-Carboxyl-2,6-Dinitrobenzene Diazonium Ion","authors":"S. Idowu, O. Adegoke, A. Adeniji, A. Olaniyi","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V12I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V12I0","url":null,"abstract":"A colorimetric assay of naproxen tablets based on chemical derivatization with the chromogenic reagent 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene diazonium ion was developed. The optimal reaction time was found to be 5 min at 30 o C after vortex mixing of the drug/reagent mixture for 10 s. The optimal analytical wavelength was found to be 470 nm and linearity of response was obtained between 1-7 μgml -1 of naproxen. The diazo coupling reaction occurred in a 2:1 reagent-drug stoichiometric ratio. The method is sensitive, accurate (mean recovery 101.06±3.06 %), reproducible (imprecision 3.03 % CV) and has a low limit of detection (0.95 μgm -1 ). It was applied in the assay of naproxen tablets with equivalent accuracy (p>0.05) to the official (BP) UV spectrophotometric method but combined the advantages of speed and more affordable instrumentation. The method can be applied in the in-process quality control of naproxen tablets. Keywords: Naproxen assay, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dintrobenzene diazonium ion (CDNBD), colorimetry, diazo coupling reaction East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 12 (2009) 8-14","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73869764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Karimi, J. M. Bururia, P. A. Odhiambo, B. Amugune, G. Museve
Prevalence and sensitivity trends of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from septic wounds were determined through a prospective cross sectional study. One hundred and fifteen specimens isolated from in-patients in the Department of Orthopaedics were studied and antibiotic sensitivity testing performed using the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion technique. The prevalence of organisms isolated was Proteus spp (33.9%), Eschericia coli (13.2%), Klebsiella spp (7.9%), Alcaligenes (1.7%), Citrobacter freundii (0.9%), Serratia spp (0.9%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (0.9%). The sensitivity rate of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin was above 70% in all cases. Co-amoxiclav, gentamicin, cefuroxime, minocycline and piperacillin showed moderate to high activity. Klebsiella spp isolates portrayed high resistance against several drugs. The sensitivity patterns showed that empirical prescribing should be discouraged since the organisms appear to be developing resistance against commonly used antibiotics.
{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae Collected from Patients with Wounds at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"P. Karimi, J. M. Bururia, P. A. Odhiambo, B. Amugune, G. Museve","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V12I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V12I2","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence and sensitivity trends of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from septic wounds were determined through a prospective cross sectional study. One hundred and fifteen specimens isolated from in-patients in the Department of Orthopaedics were studied and antibiotic sensitivity testing performed using the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion technique. The prevalence of organisms isolated was Proteus spp (33.9%), Eschericia coli (13.2%), Klebsiella spp (7.9%), Alcaligenes (1.7%), Citrobacter freundii (0.9%), Serratia spp (0.9%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (0.9%). The sensitivity rate of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin was above 70% in all cases. Co-amoxiclav, gentamicin, cefuroxime, minocycline and piperacillin showed moderate to high activity. Klebsiella spp isolates portrayed high resistance against several drugs. The sensitivity patterns showed that empirical prescribing should be discouraged since the organisms appear to be developing resistance against commonly used antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76077321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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