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Erased by Respectability: The Intersections of AIDS, Race, and Gender in Black America 被体面抹去:美国黑人艾滋病、种族和性别的交叉点
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.10.1.04
Aishah Scott
Abstract:This article explores gender's relationship with white supremacy and respectability politics and the intersectional impact of the three on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Black community from the 1980s to 2000. The demonization of gay white men and erasure of white women from the HIV/AIDS epidemic evidenced that white supremacy does not distribute its privilege equally. Through a juxtaposition of my interview with HIV/AIDS advocate Ruselle Miller-Hill, a formerly incarcerated Black woman living with AIDS, and well-known AIDS activist and survivor Rae Lewis-Thornton, I examine the impact of internal gendered respectability politics in the Black community. The article also examines how these respectability politics painted Black women as the victims of duplicitous bisexual Black men to protect the former's respectability at the expense of their sexual autonomy.
摘要:本文探讨了性别与白人至上主义和体面政治的关系,以及三者对20世纪80年代至2000年黑人社区艾滋病流行的交叉影响。将白人同性恋男子妖魔化和将白人妇女从艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病中抹去,证明白人至上主义并没有平等地分配其特权。通过对艾滋病毒/艾滋病倡导者Ruselle Miller-Hill,一位曾被监禁的患有艾滋病的黑人妇女,以及著名的艾滋病活动家和幸存者Rae Lewis-Thornton的采访,我研究了黑人社区内部性别尊重政治的影响。文章还研究了这些体面政治是如何将黑人女性描绘成两面三刀的双性恋黑人男性的受害者,以牺牲她们的性自主权来保护前者的体面。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: In memoriam: bell hooks, 1952–2021 简介:纪念:贝尔·胡克斯,1952-2021
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.10.1.01
Ayesha K. Hardison, D. Phillips-Cunningham, Veronica Popp, Heather Montes Ireland, Aishah Scott, Siobhan E. Smith-Jones
Abstract:Racial capitalist, neoliberal ideologies restructure and privatize the very social ecologies that support Black and Brown life. Crossing temporal registers to excavate the story of Eula Mae Love (d. 1979) along with contemporary media case studies of Shanesha Taylor, Debra Lynn Harrell, and Eva Hernández, this paper suggests a framework of economic violence to critically encompass the systemic injuries that low-income mothers of color confront, and to create conditions and possibilities for countering this violence. I argue that this commonplace violence against low-income Black and Brown women is disregarded; as a product of a racial-capitalist system, economic violence is assuaged and proliferated by racialized narratives of meritocracy and other cultural discourses that naturalize these injuries. Indeed, as economic violence serves a purpose for the low-wage, cheap labor needs of capital, low-income mothers of color are recurrently criminalized for attempting to create the conditions of survival for themselves and their families. Critical feminist policy analysis must, I urge, address the material and social conditions that produce economic violence in the lives of low-income mothers of color to re-imagine and renew calls for intersectional, redistributive economic justice.
摘要:种族资本主义、新自由主义意识形态重构和私有化了支持黑人和棕色人种生活的社会生态。通过时间记录来挖掘Eula Mae Love(1979年)的故事,以及当代媒体对Shanesha Taylor、Debra Lynn Harrell和Eva Hernández的案例研究,本文提出了一个经济暴力的框架,以批判性地涵盖有色人种低收入母亲所面临的系统性伤害,并为对抗这种暴力创造条件和可能性。我认为这种针对低收入黑人和棕色人种妇女的常见暴力行为被忽视了;作为种族资本主义制度的产物,经济暴力被种族化的精英叙事和其他将这些伤害归化的文化话语所缓和和扩散。事实上,由于经济暴力的目的是为了满足资本对低工资、廉价劳动力的需求,有色人种的低收入母亲经常因为试图为自己和家人创造生存条件而被定罪。我敦促,批判性的女权主义政策分析必须解决在有色人种低收入母亲的生活中产生经济暴力的物质和社会条件,以重新想象和重新呼吁交叉的、再分配的经济正义。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood: Media, Literature and Theory 挑战对黑人女性的歪曲:媒体、文学和理论
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.10.1.05
Siobhan E. Smith-Jones
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引用次数: 1
"She's Been Doing Everything Right": Mothers of Color and Economic Violence “她一直在做正确的事情”:有色人种和经济暴力的母亲
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.10.1.03
Heather Montes Ireland
Abstract:Racial capitalist, neoliberal ideologies restructure and privatize the very social ecologies that support Black and Brown life. Crossing temporal registers to excavate the story of Eula Mae Love (d. 1979) along with contemporary media case studies of Shanesha Taylor, Debra Lynn Harrell, and Eva Hernández, this paper suggests a framework of economic violence to critically encompass the systemic injuries that low-income mothers of color confront, and to create conditions and possibilities for countering this violence. I argue that this commonplace violence against low-income Black and Brown women is disregarded; as a product of a racial-capitalist system, economic violence is assuaged and proliferated by racialized narratives of meritocracy and other cultural discourses that naturalize these injuries. Indeed, as economic violence serves a purpose for the low-wage, cheap labor needs of capital, low-income mothers of color are recurrently criminalized for attempting to create the conditions of survival for themselves and their families. Critical feminist policy analysis must, I urge, address the material and social conditions that produce economic violence in the lives of low-income mothers of color to re-imagine and renew calls for intersectional, redistributive economic justice.
摘要:种族资本主义、新自由主义意识形态重构和私有化了支持黑人和棕色人种生活的社会生态。通过时间记录来挖掘Eula Mae Love(1979年)的故事,以及当代媒体对Shanesha Taylor、Debra Lynn Harrell和Eva Hernández的案例研究,本文提出了一个经济暴力的框架,以批判性地涵盖有色人种低收入母亲所面临的系统性伤害,并为对抗这种暴力创造条件和可能性。我认为这种针对低收入黑人和棕色人种妇女的常见暴力行为被忽视了;作为种族资本主义制度的产物,经济暴力被种族化的精英叙事和其他将这些伤害归化的文化话语所缓和和扩散。事实上,由于经济暴力的目的是为了满足资本对低工资、廉价劳动力的需求,有色人种的低收入母亲经常因为试图为自己和家人创造生存条件而被定罪。我敦促,批判性的女权主义政策分析必须解决在有色人种低收入母亲的生活中产生经济暴力的物质和社会条件,以重新想象和重新呼吁交叉的、再分配的经济正义。
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引用次数: 0
Labor Organizer Nannie Helen Burroughs and Her National Training School for Women and Girls 劳工组织者Nannie Helen Burroughs和她的国家妇女和女孩培训学校
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.10.1.02
D. Phillips-Cunningham, Veronica Popp
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引用次数: 0
San Andres, a Herstory, or Writing Caribbean History from the Margins 圣安德烈斯,一个历史故事,或从边缘书写加勒比历史
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.9.2.07
L. L. López Martínez
Abstract:The island of San Andrés is located approximately 110 miles east of the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua and 300 miles west-northwest of the Colombian mainland. The literature and culture of the islands in the San Andrés and Providencia archipelago are still not very well known or studied, both within and outside Colombia, due to problems in editorial work, translation, and distribution and also because the relationship between the mainland and the islands has been often tense and difficult. The article will examine the 1987 novel San Andres, a Herstory by Keshia Howard-Livingston from the perspective of herstory, that is, narrating history from women’s perspectives. This novel, through its depiction of the travels of three generations of women, proposes an alternative history of San Andrés and the Caribbean. These women, due to their race and gender, have been doubly excluded from traditional historiography. I propose to study Howard-Livingston’s novel as a literary exercise that wants to narrate these women stories, turning herstory into “History,” and as a foundational work that questions the process of the construction of a national identity in Colombia. The novel shows the tensions and conflicts that arose because of this nationalist project and explores the relationship between identity, language, and memory in the Caribbean.
摘要:圣安德拉西姆斯岛位于尼加拉瓜加勒比海岸以东约110英里处,哥伦比亚大陆西北偏西300英里处。由于编辑工作、翻译和发行方面的问题,以及由于大陆与岛屿之间的关系经常紧张和困难,在哥伦比亚境内外,人们对圣安德里斯和普罗维登西亚群岛岛屿的文学和文化仍然不甚了解或研究。本文将从历史故事的角度,即从女性的视角来叙述历史,考察凯希亚·霍华德-利文斯顿1987年的小说《圣安德烈斯》。这部小说通过对三代女性旅行的描述,提出了一种关于圣安德里斯和加勒比地区的另类历史。由于她们的种族和性别,这些妇女被双重排除在传统的历史编纂之外。我建议把霍华德-利文斯顿的小说作为一种文学练习来研究,它想要讲述这些女性的故事,把她的故事变成“历史”,并把它作为一部质疑哥伦比亚国家身份建构过程的基础性作品。这部小说展现了由于民族主义计划而产生的紧张和冲突,并探讨了加勒比海地区身份、语言和记忆之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: “The Unexpected Caribbean” Part II 简介:《意外的加勒比》第二部分
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.9.2.01
Cécile Accilien, G. Anatol
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引用次数: 0
Between Intersectionality and Coloniality: Rereading the Figure of the Poto-Mitan Woman in Haiti 在交叉性与殖民性之间:重读海地波托-米坦妇女的形象
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.9.2.02
Sabine Lamour
Abstract:This text mobilizes the theoretical frameworks of intersectionality and coloniality to analyze the figure of the Haitian poto-mitan woman—she who acts as a “central pillar”—a figure that was constructed during the history of colonialism. Colonial and postslavery relations initiated a process of coformation and coproduction and determined power relations that still traverse Haiti. They connect individual, national, and global dynamics that intertwine, frequently characterizing the poto-mitan women’s workforce as deviant. This article historicizes the poto-mitan woman and unveils how common conceptualizations appropriate the body and time of women assigned the duties of support and protection.
摘要:本文运用交叉性和殖民性的理论框架,分析了在殖民主义历史中建构的海地波托-米坦妇女这一“中心支柱”形象。殖民时期和后奴隶制时期的关系开启了一个整合和合作的过程,并决定了海地的权力关系。它们将个人、国家和全球相互交织的动态联系在一起,经常将potomitan女性劳动力描述为越轨行为。这篇文章将potto -mitan妇女历史化,并揭示了通常的概念是如何适当地分配妇女的身体和时间,赋予她们支持和保护的责任。
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引用次数: 0
“¿Nuestro nuevo hogar?” [Our new home?]: Examining Puerto Rican Migration and Conceptions of Home, Place-Making, and Belonging “Nuestro nuevo hogar?”“我们的新家?”:检视波多黎各移民与家、造地与归属感的概念
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.9.2.06
Rebecca Blackwell, A. Rosa, Elizabeth Aranda
Abstract:In recent years, the largest population movement from Puerto Rico to the continental United States in over fifty years has occurred following a prolonged economic crisis, exacerbated by the humanitarian disaster that took place after the archipelago was struck by Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. Since September 2017, just under 200,000 Puerto Ricans have relocated to the continental United States, the largest number migrating to Florida. Yet not much is known about the adaptation of this population who relocated postdisaster. To contribute to the scholarly literature on Latino integration and based on data from in-depth interviews with 19 Puerto Ricans who moved to Central Florida both before and after the hurricanes of 2017, we focus on the ways in which Puerto Ricans conceptualize home and belonging. We also examine how place-making and belonging are related to emotions, an often-neglected dimension in the study of migrant integration. We engage with literature on space and place and draw from research on emotions and migration to propose five conceptions of home among migrants: home as family, home as identity, home as pleasure, home as community, and home as plausibility.
摘要:近年来,波多黎各发生了50多年来最大规模的人口迁移,这是在经历了一场旷日持久的经济危机之后发生的,而2017年飓风“厄玛”和“玛丽亚”袭击后发生的人道主义灾难又加剧了这一现象。自2017年9月以来,将近20万波多黎各人迁移到美国大陆,其中迁移到佛罗里达州的人数最多。然而,人们对灾后重新安置的这群人的适应情况知之甚少。为了对拉丁裔融合的学术文献做出贡献,并基于对2017年飓风前后搬到佛罗里达州中部的19名波多黎各人的深度访谈数据,我们重点关注波多黎各人概念化家和归属感的方式。我们还研究了场所制造和归属感如何与情感相关,情感是移民融合研究中经常被忽视的维度。我们研究了空间和地点的文献,并从情感和迁移的研究中得出了五个移民家的概念:家是家庭,家是身份,家是快乐,家是社区,家是合理性。
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引用次数: 2
Elena: Running to Dance and Other Defects in Colonial Santo Domingo (1771–73) 埃琳娜:奔向舞蹈和殖民地圣多明各的其他缺陷(1771-73)
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/23260947.9.2.05
Lissette Acosta Corniel
Abstract:Despite being physically absent from the court hearings related to her enslavement and her sale to a new owner, Elena, an enslaved woman in late colonial Santo Domingo, becomes the most ever-present witness and gives voice to her life through the testimony of others. The details shared by Sebastián Álvarez, the buyer; Baltazar Guerrero, the seller; and the witnesses bring Elena’s character to life by means of the descriptions of her alleged “defects.” This article studies Álvarez’s lawsuit against Guerrero for not properly specifying all of Elena’s flaws in the bill of sale. I argue that Elena’s carefree behavior—described in the redhibition case—allowed her an ascribed “freedom” that she attained by using her body as “rival geography” to contest the limitations of space. Accordingly, this article proposes that, at the same time enslaved people endured suffering, they used their bodies and minds as a refuge. Moreover, this article uses Elena’s story to highlight Santo Domingo in the historiography of slavery in the Americas, within the context of “the unexpected” in Caribbean studies, and stresses the importance of archival research in giving a voice to the enslaved, even if they are not speaking for themselves.
摘要:尽管埃琳娜缺席了与她被奴役和被卖给新主人有关的法庭听证会,但她成为了最常出现的证人,并通过他人的证词表达了她的生活。详情由买方Sebastián Álvarez分享;卖主巴尔塔扎尔·格雷罗;证人通过描述埃琳娜所谓的“缺陷”,将她的性格赋予了生命。本文研究Álvarez对Guerrero的诉讼,因为Guerrero在销售单据中没有恰当地说明Elena的所有缺陷。我认为埃琳娜无忧无虑的行为——在抑制案例中描述的——让她获得了一种所谓的“自由”,她用自己的身体作为“竞争地理”来挑战空间的限制。因此,本文提出,在被奴役的人忍受苦难的同时,他们把自己的身体和思想作为避难所。此外,本文以艾琳娜的故事,在加勒比海研究“意外”的背景下,突显圣多明各在美洲奴隶制史学中的地位,并强调档案研究的重要性,让被奴役者发声,即使他们没有为自己发声。
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引用次数: 1
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Women, Gender, and Families of Color
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