A. Dawidar, M. Abou-Elzahab, M. Berghot, K. H. AI-Maah
The phytosterol β-sitosterol (1), its acetate derivative (3) and stigmasterol (2) were photo-oxygenated using tetraphenyl porphorin (TPP) or rose Bengal (RB) and sensitizer in different solvents to give hydroperoxides 4,8 and dihydroperoxide 7, respectively. Structures 4,8 and 7 were elucidated on the basis of spectral data from their 1H NMR, MS and IR spectra. Product 7 produced moderate DNA degradation, but 4 did not.
{"title":"Photooxygenation of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol and DNA-damaging properties of their hydroperoxide products","authors":"A. Dawidar, M. Abou-Elzahab, M. Berghot, K. H. AI-Maah","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200212.0471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200212.0471","url":null,"abstract":"The phytosterol β-sitosterol (1), its acetate derivative (3) and stigmasterol (2) were photo-oxygenated using tetraphenyl porphorin (TPP) or rose Bengal (RB) and sensitizer in different solvents to give hydroperoxides 4,8 and dihydroperoxide 7, respectively. Structures 4,8 and 7 were elucidated on the basis of spectral data from their 1H NMR, MS and IR spectra. Product 7 produced moderate DNA degradation, but 4 did not.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"471-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87906900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hypotensive effect of DL-017, a newly synthesized quinazoline derivative, was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). DL-017 (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 fig/kg, p.o.) induced a dose-dependent reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) which reached a maximal effect at 30 min after oral administration and persisted over 5 hr in SHR. Furthermore, at the lower dose (0.1 ug/kg), the heart rate (HR) was significantly increased. In contrast, at the higher doses (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), the HR decreased instead of increased, but rapidly returned to control level at around 2 hr later. This change of HR seems to parallel the time course of the hypotensive response in SHR. DL-017 attenuated pressor responses to phenylephrine (PE, 10 /ug/kg, i.v.), but failed to inhibit the presser response to angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.5 ug/kg, i.v.) even at the maximal hypotensive dose (3.0 mg/kg, i. V.). This observation indicates that the hypotensive effect of DL-OI7 was achieved via (X/-adrenoceptor blockade. On the other hand, in SHR fed a high fat-high cholesterol (HF-HC) diet, DL-017 (1.0 mg/kg, p.o., bid for 4 weeks) caused significant reductions in total plasma cholesterol (CE), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-CE and total plasma triglyceride (TG). DL-o17 therapy HDL-CE was improved. It is concluded that DL-017 possesses the antihypertensive effect via the (X)-adrenoceptor blockade and the lipid-lowering effect. This demonstrates that DL-017 may be potential as a potent antihypertensive drug holding the advantage of reduction of plasma lipid for cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Effects of DL-017, a novel, potent and specific α1-Adrenoceptor antagonist on hypertension and hyperlipidemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats","authors":"Yen-Mei Lee, J. Chern, M. Yen","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200210.0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200210.0405","url":null,"abstract":"The hypotensive effect of DL-017, a newly synthesized quinazoline derivative, was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). DL-017 (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 fig/kg, p.o.) induced a dose-dependent reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) which reached a maximal effect at 30 min after oral administration and persisted over 5 hr in SHR. Furthermore, at the lower dose (0.1 ug/kg), the heart rate (HR) was significantly increased. In contrast, at the higher doses (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), the HR decreased instead of increased, but rapidly returned to control level at around 2 hr later. This change of HR seems to parallel the time course of the hypotensive response in SHR. DL-017 attenuated pressor responses to phenylephrine (PE, 10 /ug/kg, i.v.), but failed to inhibit the presser response to angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.5 ug/kg, i.v.) even at the maximal hypotensive dose (3.0 mg/kg, i. V.). This observation indicates that the hypotensive effect of DL-OI7 was achieved via (X/-adrenoceptor blockade. On the other hand, in SHR fed a high fat-high cholesterol (HF-HC) diet, DL-017 (1.0 mg/kg, p.o., bid for 4 weeks) caused significant reductions in total plasma cholesterol (CE), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-CE and total plasma triglyceride (TG). DL-o17 therapy HDL-CE was improved. It is concluded that DL-017 possesses the antihypertensive effect via the (X)-adrenoceptor blockade and the lipid-lowering effect. This demonstrates that DL-017 may be potential as a potent antihypertensive drug holding the advantage of reduction of plasma lipid for cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the past decade, the synthesis of new 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids and the evaluation of their antibacterial activities have continued, and the roles of DNA gyrase and topoisol1erase IV have been well defined. Several of the structure-activity relationships regarding the side-chain at C-7, the effect of halogen or methoxy groups at C-8, and the effect of the C-5 amino group were greatly influenced by the choice of the N-l substituent. The spectrum and potency of the C-7 piperazinyl and pyrrolidinyl quinolones was greatly enhanced by the judicious choice of C-5, C-8, and N-I substituents. Although it was initially thought that the C-6 fluoro group was re-sponsible for enhanced bacterial penetration and DNA gyrase inhibition, it has been discovered that compounds without this component also display broad and potent antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the appropriate term for these newer antibacterial agents is suggested to be 4quinolone-3-carboxylic acids.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Antibacterial 4-Quinolone-3-carboxylic Acids","authors":"C. Tzeng, Yeh‐long Chen","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0229","url":null,"abstract":"During the past decade, the synthesis of new 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids and the evaluation of their antibacterial activities have continued, and the roles of DNA gyrase and topoisol1erase IV have been well defined. Several of the structure-activity relationships regarding the side-chain at C-7, the effect of halogen or methoxy groups at C-8, and the effect of the C-5 amino group were greatly influenced by the choice of the N-l substituent. The spectrum and potency of the C-7 piperazinyl and pyrrolidinyl quinolones was greatly enhanced by the judicious choice of C-5, C-8, and N-I substituents. Although it was initially thought that the C-6 fluoro group was re-sponsible for enhanced bacterial penetration and DNA gyrase inhibition, it has been discovered that compounds without this component also display broad and potent antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the appropriate term for these newer antibacterial agents is suggested to be 4quinolone-3-carboxylic acids.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"229-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79320222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Lai, L. J. Huang, Hsien‐Cheng Lin, Tian-Shung Wu, C. Teng, S. Kuo
In search of novel antiplatelet agents, the naturally-occurring gingerdiones (20, 24) were selected as lead com pounds. A series of their derivatives were synthesized and screened for anti-platelet activity. It was found that all of the synthesized gingerdione derivatives demonstrated potent inhibition against AA-induced platelet aggregation. Among them, 141-gingerdione (I8) and 51-gingerdione (19) showed the highest potency, being about 1/3 and one time as potent as indomethacin, respectively. Preliminary studies indicated that the mechanism of action of these gingerdione derivatives differed from indomethacin. Unlike indomethacin, they showed no appreciable COX-I and COX-2 inhibition. The exact mechanism of action of these new compounds
{"title":"Synthesis of Gingerdione Derivatives as Potent Antiplatelet Agents","authors":"Y. Lai, L. J. Huang, Hsien‐Cheng Lin, Tian-Shung Wu, C. Teng, S. Kuo","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0259","url":null,"abstract":"In search of novel antiplatelet agents, the naturally-occurring gingerdiones (20, 24) were selected as lead com pounds. A series of their derivatives were synthesized and screened for anti-platelet activity. It was found that all of the synthesized gingerdione derivatives demonstrated potent inhibition against AA-induced platelet aggregation. Among them, 141-gingerdione (I8) and 51-gingerdione (19) showed the highest potency, being about 1/3 and one time as potent as indomethacin, respectively. Preliminary studies indicated that the mechanism of action of these gingerdione derivatives differed from indomethacin. Unlike indomethacin, they showed no appreciable COX-I and COX-2 inhibition. The exact mechanism of action of these new compounds","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84235643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lin, L. Hsin, Hui‐Bing ‐B Tsai, M. Tsai, C. Cheng
Acetylcholine release enhancers may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A series of 1 ,4-dihydro-4,4-bis(pyridinylmethyl)-2H-isoquinolin-3-ones (2-l3) was synthesized as analogs of the known acetylcholine-release enhancer linopirdine (1). Their cholinergic activity was measured as the enhancement of indirectly-elicited twitch tension of the mouse diaphragm. Among the target compounds, 2-phenyl-4, 4-bis (4-pyridinylmethyl)-4H-isoquinolineI, 3-dione (2) and 7-bromo-1, 4-dihydro-2-phenyl-4, 4-bis {{} 4-pyridinylmethyl}-2H-isoquinolin3-one (11) were found to be more potent than 1.
{"title":"Synthesis of 1,4-dihydro-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-2H-isoquinolin-3-one and related compounds as acetylcholine release enhancers","authors":"M. Lin, L. Hsin, Hui‐Bing ‐B Tsai, M. Tsai, C. Cheng","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0271","url":null,"abstract":"Acetylcholine release enhancers may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A series of 1 ,4-dihydro-4,4-bis(pyridinylmethyl)-2H-isoquinolin-3-ones (2-l3) was synthesized as analogs of the known acetylcholine-release enhancer linopirdine (1). Their cholinergic activity was measured as the enhancement of indirectly-elicited twitch tension of the mouse diaphragm. Among the target compounds, 2-phenyl-4, 4-bis (4-pyridinylmethyl)-4H-isoquinolineI, 3-dione (2) and 7-bromo-1, 4-dihydro-2-phenyl-4, 4-bis {{} 4-pyridinylmethyl}-2H-isoquinolin3-one (11) were found to be more potent than 1.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82083351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and methyltestosterone were detected in herbal medicine capsules from mainland China by thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet spectrometry (UV), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The sample was further assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Separation was conducted on an Inertsil ODS-2 reversed-phase column using gradient: elution with acetonitrile and 0.1 % (v/v) phosphoric acid as the mobile phase. Propyl paraben was used as an internal standard and the monitor wavelength was 254 nm. Calibration curves of standard sildenafil citrate and methyltestosterone were constructed in the range of 80-800 and 20-200μ/m L, respectively. The relative standard deviations of sildenafil citrate and methyltestosterone for intra-day and inter-day analyses were 0.54-3.56 % and 1.62-3.75 %, respectively. The recoveries of the synthetic drugs from herbal medicine ranged from 98.0 to 100.4 %. The sildenafil citrate and methyltestosterone content in herbal medicine was 20.0 and 1.6 mg/cap, respectively.
{"title":"High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Sildenafil Citrate and Methyltestosterone Adulterants in a Herbal Medicine","authors":"Y. Ku, Yi-Chu Liu, Jer-Huei Lin","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and methyltestosterone were detected in herbal medicine capsules from mainland China by thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet spectrometry (UV), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The sample was further assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Separation was conducted on an Inertsil ODS-2 reversed-phase column using gradient: elution with acetonitrile and 0.1 % (v/v) phosphoric acid as the mobile phase. Propyl paraben was used as an internal standard and the monitor wavelength was 254 nm. Calibration curves of standard sildenafil citrate and methyltestosterone were constructed in the range of 80-800 and 20-200μ/m L, respectively. The relative standard deviations of sildenafil citrate and methyltestosterone for intra-day and inter-day analyses were 0.54-3.56 % and 1.62-3.75 %, respectively. The recoveries of the synthetic drugs from herbal medicine ranged from 98.0 to 100.4 %. The sildenafil citrate and methyltestosterone content in herbal medicine was 20.0 and 1.6 mg/cap, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"307-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86798149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of trazodone HCl tablets manufactured by two different drug companies. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and comparative bioavailability of the two formulations of trazodone HCl tablets were investigated in 23 healthy volunteers in an open randomized cross-over trial after a single oral dose of 100 me. The concentration of trazodone in plasma was determined by a modified high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Eleven subjects completed the study and one subject dropped out due to severe dizziness. Intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation (CV) were within 9%.The detection limit was 0.06me/L for plasma. The average bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of the two trazodone HCl products were as follows: peak plasma concentration(Cmax): 0.99:t 0.23 mg/L, 0.93 t 0.25 mg/L; time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax): 2.00 t 1.34 hours, 1.41±1.07 hours; plasma half-life (T1/2): 5.67±2.09 hours, 5.40:t 1.95 hours; Area under the plasma concentra-tion-time curve (AUCo→∞): 7.60±2.49 mg-hr/L, 7.01 ±2.30 mg-hr/L; AUCO→36: 6.82±2.52 mg-hr/L, 6.28±2.39 mg-hr/L; area under the plasma moment-time curve (AUMC): 65.71±34.08 g-hr2/L, 60.78:t 28.3 t mg-hr2/L; mean residence time (MRT): 8.29±2. 18 hours, 8.30±1.77 hours for Mesyrel@ tablets (Lotus Pharmaceutical Co.) and Desyrel@ tablets (Mead Johnson Pharma cortical Division, U.S.A.), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for 0, 05). The narrow Ci90% values, the high power values, and the results of two one-sided t-tests also show that the two products are bioequivalent. The PK parameters obtained in this study are similar to those reported previously.
{"title":"Comparative Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Two Trazodone HCI Products","authors":"F. Wu, Po-Fen Chen, Russel Rhei-Long Chen","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0291","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of trazodone HCl tablets manufactured by two different drug companies. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and comparative bioavailability of the two formulations of trazodone HCl tablets were investigated in 23 healthy volunteers in an open randomized cross-over trial after a single oral dose of 100 me. The concentration of trazodone in plasma was determined by a modified high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Eleven subjects completed the study and one subject dropped out due to severe dizziness. Intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation (CV) were within 9%.The detection limit was 0.06me/L for plasma. The average bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of the two trazodone HCl products were as follows: peak plasma concentration(Cmax): 0.99:t 0.23 mg/L, 0.93 t 0.25 mg/L; time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax): 2.00 t 1.34 hours, 1.41±1.07 hours; plasma half-life (T1/2): 5.67±2.09 hours, 5.40:t 1.95 hours; Area under the plasma concentra-tion-time curve (AUCo→∞): 7.60±2.49 mg-hr/L, 7.01 ±2.30 mg-hr/L; AUCO→36: 6.82±2.52 mg-hr/L, 6.28±2.39 mg-hr/L; area under the plasma moment-time curve (AUMC): 65.71±34.08 g-hr2/L, 60.78:t 28.3 t mg-hr2/L; mean residence time (MRT): 8.29±2. 18 hours, 8.30±1.77 hours for Mesyrel@ tablets (Lotus Pharmaceutical Co.) and Desyrel@ tablets (Mead Johnson Pharma cortical Division, U.S.A.), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for 0, 05). The narrow Ci90% values, the high power values, and the results of two one-sided t-tests also show that the two products are bioequivalent. The PK parameters obtained in this study are similar to those reported previously.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75316210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During 1986-2001, a total of 101 HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis patients, including 60 males and 41 females, aged 15-83 years, were included in this study. According to different antifungal treatment regimens, the 101 patients were divided into three groups, which were the weeks were determined using a modified Barthel index (BI). For the purpose of statistical analysis, amphotericin B group, fluconazole group, and combination group. Therapeutic outcomes at 10 weeks were determined using a modified Barthel index (BI). For the purpose of statistical analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: good outcome (BI ~ 12) and poor outcome (BI ＜ 12). From a statistical point of view, there was no statistical difference found in the influence of prognosis among the 3 different antifungal regimens. However, did require 35 % fewer numbers of days of hospitalization in patients receiving antifungal regimens containing fluconazole. Although the treatment of HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis has not been well defined as yet. Regarding the drug adverse effects, relapse rates and the duration of hospitalization days, combined amphotericin B and fluconazole may be one of the best choices in treating this special group of patients. Therefore, early diagnosis, early use of appropriate antifungal treatment, and correction of the underlying metabolic derangement are mandatory needed to improve the treatment of HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis.
{"title":"Comparison of Amphotericin B,Fluconazole,and Combined Treatments in Adult HIV-negative Cryptococcal Meningitis","authors":"Fang‐Ting Chen, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Ping-yu Lee","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0299","url":null,"abstract":"During 1986-2001, a total of 101 HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis patients, including 60 males and 41 females, aged 15-83 years, were included in this study. According to different antifungal treatment regimens, the 101 patients were divided into three groups, which were the weeks were determined using a modified Barthel index (BI). For the purpose of statistical analysis, amphotericin B group, fluconazole group, and combination group. Therapeutic outcomes at 10 weeks were determined using a modified Barthel index (BI). For the purpose of statistical analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: good outcome (BI ~ 12) and poor outcome (BI ＜ 12). From a statistical point of view, there was no statistical difference found in the influence of prognosis among the 3 different antifungal regimens. However, did require 35 % fewer numbers of days of hospitalization in patients receiving antifungal regimens containing fluconazole. Although the treatment of HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis has not been well defined as yet. Regarding the drug adverse effects, relapse rates and the duration of hospitalization days, combined amphotericin B and fluconazole may be one of the best choices in treating this special group of patients. Therefore, early diagnosis, early use of appropriate antifungal treatment, and correction of the underlying metabolic derangement are mandatory needed to improve the treatment of HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75833566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chin-sheng Wu, Wen-Chien Chiu, Jih P. Wang, S. Kuo
A series of 2, 6- and 2, 7-disubstituted anthraquinones was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of mast cell and neutrophil degranulation as well as neutrophil superoxide formation. Among them, anthraquinone-2, 7-diearboxylie acid (10c) was the most promising agent. Compound 10c significantly inhibited the PCA reaction and histamine- and LTD4-induced skin reactions in rats.
{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2,6- and 2,7-Disubstituted Anthraquinones.","authors":"Chin-sheng Wu, Wen-Chien Chiu, Jih P. Wang, S. Kuo","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0245","url":null,"abstract":"A series of 2, 6- and 2, 7-disubstituted anthraquinones was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of mast cell and neutrophil degranulation as well as neutrophil superoxide formation. Among them, anthraquinone-2, 7-diearboxylie acid (10c) was the most promising agent. Compound 10c significantly inhibited the PCA reaction and histamine- and LTD4-induced skin reactions in rats.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79083963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yea Huei Kao Yang, Chuei-Wen Kuo, Huey Jong Hung, Shu Wen Jia
In order to perform drug utilization studies of the National Health Insurance (NHI), it is necessary to establish a structural system for pharmaceutical classification. This study applied the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification to categorize the pharmaceutical products reimbursed by NHI. Each of the 20,469items was assigned an ATC code in a predefined procedure, and the therapeutic and/or pharmacological characteristic was then identified. The disadvantage of the previous American Hospital Formulary System (AHFS) coding was also examined in this study. The coding and related database was documenyted in an electronic file. Therefore, this electronic reference system can be utilized as a tool to analyze the NHI database for auditing drug utilization patterns, detecting drug related problems, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes.
{"title":"Classification of pharmaceutical products reimbursed by National Health Insurance by the ATC System","authors":"Yea Huei Kao Yang, Chuei-Wen Kuo, Huey Jong Hung, Shu Wen Jia","doi":"10.7019/CPJ.200208.0283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7019/CPJ.200208.0283","url":null,"abstract":"In order to perform drug utilization studies of the National Health Insurance (NHI), it is necessary to establish a structural system for pharmaceutical classification. This study applied the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification to categorize the pharmaceutical products reimbursed by NHI. Each of the 20,469items was assigned an ATC code in a predefined procedure, and the therapeutic and/or pharmacological characteristic was then identified. The disadvantage of the previous American Hospital Formulary System (AHFS) coding was also examined in this study. The coding and related database was documenyted in an electronic file. Therefore, this electronic reference system can be utilized as a tool to analyze the NHI database for auditing drug utilization patterns, detecting drug related problems, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":22409,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"283-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80856705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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