Pub Date : 2013-03-08DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3120
I. Vītiņa, V. Krastiņa, A. Jemeļjanovs, S. Cerina, J. Mičulis, R. Aņenkova, B. Lujāne, K. Markovs, M. Daugavietis
Extractive substances of spruce needles were produced from a forestry by-product – green biomass of spruce needles. Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effects of the additive of biologically active substances from spruce needles (total extractive, separate, neutral extractive and acidic extractive substances) on laying hens’ productivity and egg quality, to assess their effects on the innovative composition of hen eggs. The feeding trial was conducted with a cross Lohmann Brown laying hens by adding the total, neutral and acid extractive substances of spruce needles to the composition of trial group hens’ diet at the amount of 0.04–0.05 %. The control group did not receive additives of extractive substances. Using spruce needle extractive substances increased egg production on average by 2.10–4.86 %, egg weight by 3.86–7.50 %, and decreased feed conversion by 10.76–12.55 % in comparison with the control group ( p < 0.05). The use of the additive of neutral extractive substances in hens’ diet improved the content of a -linolenic acid by 0.35 %, total carotenoids by 2.31 mg kg -1 , and α-tocopherol by 3.20 mg 100 g -1 , but decreased the cholesterol level by 178.06 mg 100 g - 1 in egg yolk in comparison with the control group (commercial eggs). By using additives of neutral extractive substances in hens’ diet it was possible to obtain hen eggs of an innovative composition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3120
云杉针叶的提取物质是由林产副产物——云杉针叶的绿色生物量生产的。本试验旨在评价添加云杉针叶生物活性物质(总提取物、分离提取物、中性提取物和酸性提取物)对蛋鸡生产能力和蛋品质的影响，并评价其对鸡蛋创新成分的影响。试验选用杂交罗曼布朗蛋鸡，在试验组蛋鸡饲粮中分别添加0.04 ~ 0.05%的云杉针总提取物、中性提取物和酸性提取物。对照组不添加萃取物。云杉针浸出物与对照组相比，产蛋量平均提高2.10 ~ 4.86%，蛋重平均提高3.86 ~ 7.50%，料重比平均降低10.76 ~ 12.55% (p < 0.05)。在蛋鸡饲粮中添加中性萃取物可使蛋黄中a -亚麻酸含量提高0.35%，总类胡萝卜素含量提高2.31 mg kg -1， α-生育酚含量提高3.20 mg 100 g -1，胆固醇水平比对照组(商品蛋)降低178.06 mg 100 g -1。通过在母鸡的日粮中添加中性萃取物质，可以获得一种创新成分的鸡蛋。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3120
{"title":"Effect of extractive substances from spruce needle biomass on eggs production and quality","authors":"I. Vītiņa, V. Krastiņa, A. Jemeļjanovs, S. Cerina, J. Mičulis, R. Aņenkova, B. Lujāne, K. Markovs, M. Daugavietis","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3120","url":null,"abstract":"Extractive substances of spruce needles were produced from a forestry by-product – green biomass of spruce needles. Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effects of the additive of biologically active substances from spruce needles (total extractive, separate, neutral extractive and acidic extractive substances) on laying hens’ productivity and egg quality, to assess their effects on the innovative composition of hen eggs. The feeding trial was conducted with a cross Lohmann Brown laying hens by adding the total, neutral and acid extractive substances of spruce needles to the composition of trial group hens’ diet at the amount of 0.04–0.05 %. The control group did not receive additives of extractive substances. Using spruce needle extractive substances increased egg production on average by 2.10–4.86 %, egg weight by 3.86–7.50 %, and decreased feed conversion by 10.76–12.55 % in comparison with the control group ( p < 0.05). The use of the additive of neutral extractive substances in hens’ diet improved the content of a -linolenic acid by 0.35 %, total carotenoids by 2.31 mg kg -1 , and α-tocopherol by 3.20 mg 100 g -1 , but decreased the cholesterol level by 178.06 mg 100 g - 1 in egg yolk in comparison with the control group (commercial eggs). By using additives of neutral extractive substances in hens’ diet it was possible to obtain hen eggs of an innovative composition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3120","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88333965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4516
R. Butkutė, L. Miknius
A semibatch distillative thermolysis of polypropylene waste under 25, 40, 60 and 80 bar was performed. The yield of the resulting products and the distillation characteristics of the liquid thermolysis products depending upon the process conditions have been investigated. It was determined that as the pressure of the thermolysis process increased from 25 to 80 bars, the yield of the liquid product decreased from 74.7 to 62.6 %, whereas the yield of the gaseous product increased by 8.3 to 21.3 %. The liquid product obtained under higher pressure had more flat distillation characteristics, especially the distillate that boils off beyond 40 %, composed of lower molecular mas compounds. In order to assess the potential yield of thermolysis products for the production of the marine distillate fuel, there was set a dependence of the flash point of the liquid fraction upon the light component cut content. According to the ISO 8217:2012 specification, the quality characteristics of the obtained fractions have been investigated. The GC of the lightest liquid fraction (naphta), not suitable for a marine fuel because of a too low frash point, showed the predominance of isoparaffins – a useful feedstock for gasoline production. Carbon residue values of the liquid thermolysis product do not comply with the standard specification because of a significant content of alkenes and alkadienes. The latter at a higher temperature are particularly apt to polymerization, cyclization, and aromatization. During these reactions, carbon residue precursors are formed. The calculated yield of the obtained polypropylene thermolysis liquid fractions compatible with distillate marine fuels of summer and winter grades was 53 % for the ISO-F-DMX category and 41 % for the ISO-F-DMA and ISO-F-DMB categories which are used in the Lithuanian shipping fleet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4516
{"title":"Production of marine distillate fuel oil from waste polypropylene","authors":"R. Butkutė, L. Miknius","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4516","url":null,"abstract":"A semibatch distillative thermolysis of polypropylene waste under 25, 40, 60 and 80 bar was performed. The yield of the resulting products and the distillation characteristics of the liquid thermolysis products depending upon the process conditions have been investigated. It was determined that as the pressure of the thermolysis process increased from 25 to 80 bars, the yield of the liquid product decreased from 74.7 to 62.6 %, whereas the yield of the gaseous product increased by 8.3 to 21.3 %. The liquid product obtained under higher pressure had more flat distillation characteristics, especially the distillate that boils off beyond 40 %, composed of lower molecular mas compounds. In order to assess the potential yield of thermolysis products for the production of the marine distillate fuel, there was set a dependence of the flash point of the liquid fraction upon the light component cut content. According to the ISO 8217:2012 specification, the quality characteristics of the obtained fractions have been investigated. The GC of the lightest liquid fraction (naphta), not suitable for a marine fuel because of a too low frash point, showed the predominance of isoparaffins – a useful feedstock for gasoline production. Carbon residue values of the liquid thermolysis product do not comply with the standard specification because of a significant content of alkenes and alkadienes. The latter at a higher temperature are particularly apt to polymerization, cyclization, and aromatization. During these reactions, carbon residue precursors are formed. The calculated yield of the obtained polypropylene thermolysis liquid fractions compatible with distillate marine fuels of summer and winter grades was 53 % for the ISO-F-DMX category and 41 % for the ISO-F-DMA and ISO-F-DMB categories which are used in the Lithuanian shipping fleet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4516","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90506742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4515
M. Sabovics, E. Straumite, R. Galoburda, I. Kantiķe
Triticale ( Triticosecale wittmack ) is grown mostly for forage or animal feeding; nevertheless, some triticale-based food can be purchased at health food stores. Triticale has a potential in the production of bread and other food products such as pasta and breakfast cereals. The aim of the research was to evaluate a consumer’s attitude towards new by developed products made from whole-grain triticale, rye and hull-less barley flour, rice and maize flour. Other cereals besides triticale were used in the flour blend in order to obtain better baking properties. There were 113 respondents who participated in the questionnaire, of them 32 (28.3 %) men and 81 (71.7 %) women. Four samples were given to each respondent – 2 control samples (made from whole-grain wheat flour) and 2 developed products. In sensory evaluation, the experimental muffins and crackers were characterised using a 9-point hedonic scale (determination of overall acceptablity). The overall acceptability of the new products varied between 6.92 and 7.61 on the hedonic scale, which correspond to the acceptability from “like it a little” to “like it much”. One hundred and three respondents liked the new by developed products better than the traditional ones. The respondents wrote in the questionnaire that the new products were healthy and tasty, and they would like to buy them in retail shops. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4515
{"title":"Attitude of Latvian consumers towards new products made from triticale flour blend","authors":"M. Sabovics, E. Straumite, R. Galoburda, I. Kantiķe","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4515","url":null,"abstract":"Triticale ( Triticosecale wittmack ) is grown mostly for forage or animal feeding; nevertheless, some triticale-based food can be purchased at health food stores. Triticale has a potential in the production of bread and other food products such as pasta and breakfast cereals. The aim of the research was to evaluate a consumer’s attitude towards new by developed products made from whole-grain triticale, rye and hull-less barley flour, rice and maize flour. Other cereals besides triticale were used in the flour blend in order to obtain better baking properties. There were 113 respondents who participated in the questionnaire, of them 32 (28.3 %) men and 81 (71.7 %) women. Four samples were given to each respondent – 2 control samples (made from whole-grain wheat flour) and 2 developed products. In sensory evaluation, the experimental muffins and crackers were characterised using a 9-point hedonic scale (determination of overall acceptablity). The overall acceptability of the new products varied between 6.92 and 7.61 on the hedonic scale, which correspond to the acceptability from “like it a little” to “like it much”. One hundred and three respondents liked the new by developed products better than the traditional ones. The respondents wrote in the questionnaire that the new products were healthy and tasty, and they would like to buy them in retail shops. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4515","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86117825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4517
A. Iljina, A. Eisinas, K. Baltakys, A. Bankauskaitė, R. Šiaučiūnas
The adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite for Zn 2+ ions in acidic solutions has been examined. Adsorption experiments were carried out at 25 °C in a thermostatic absorber by stirring 1 g of clinoptilolite in 100 ml of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 solution for 120 min. The initial concentration of Zn 2+ ions was equal to 0.3 and 1.4 Zn 2+ g/dm 3 . In the acidic solution the intrusion of Zn 2+ ions into the clinoptilolite structure was found to proceed by two types of chemical reaction: substitution and addition. During adsorption, ion exchange occurs between divalent ions and single-charged ions, because Zn 2+ ions replace 68 % of Ca 2+ , ~13 % of Na + , and 0.5 % of K + ions as the remaining part of these ions are combined by clinoptilolite according to the addition reaction. It has been proven that, independently of the solution pH value, the cation exchange reactions are irreversible. The X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis results have confirmed that the crystal structure of clinoptilolite remains stable after the adsorption process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4517
{"title":"Adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite for Zn2+ ions in alkaline solution","authors":"A. Iljina, A. Eisinas, K. Baltakys, A. Bankauskaitė, R. Šiaučiūnas","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4517","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite for Zn 2+ ions in acidic solutions has been examined. Adsorption experiments were carried out at 25 °C in a thermostatic absorber by stirring 1 g of clinoptilolite in 100 ml of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 solution for 120 min. The initial concentration of Zn 2+ ions was equal to 0.3 and 1.4 Zn 2+ g/dm 3 . In the acidic solution the intrusion of Zn 2+ ions into the clinoptilolite structure was found to proceed by two types of chemical reaction: substitution and addition. During adsorption, ion exchange occurs between divalent ions and single-charged ions, because Zn 2+ ions replace 68 % of Ca 2+ , ~13 % of Na + , and 0.5 % of K + ions as the remaining part of these ions are combined by clinoptilolite according to the addition reaction. It has been proven that, independently of the solution pH value, the cation exchange reactions are irreversible. The X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis results have confirmed that the crystal structure of clinoptilolite remains stable after the adsorption process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4517","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88511067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4518
D. Kasparaitė, L. Lukošenkinaitė, Z. Valančius, N. Kybartienė, V. Leškevičienė
In this paper, we present the base techniques of a new fabrication procedure to obtain β-semy-hidrated calcium sulphate, β-plaster. The plaster is an aerial binder obtained through the dehydration of gypsum (CaSO 4 ×2H 2 O) and forming semy-hidrated calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 ×0,5H 2 O) at temperatures ranging between 110–160 °C. All plaster fabrication procedures used to this day are uneconomic. To obtain a larger deviated power, the application of a more intense electrical field is necessary. The dissipated power can also be increased by increasing the frequency; this can be done easily by using microwaves. They are applied more and more in industrial heating techniques, using high-frequency generators of a high powers and high-power magnetrons. The advantage of the microwave generators which use high-power magnetrons is that they are simple and cheap. The proposed fabrication procedure employs microwave energy and is based on the dielectric propriety of gypsum. As such, it is possible that the gypsum is dehydrated through dialectical heating into a resonant cavity with the microwave power. Water could absorb microwaves and increase the temperature rapidly within a short time. The results show that it is possible to use gypsum as a natural dielectric material in creating plaster through heating in a microwave field. Semi-hydrate produced under these conditions has the following characteristics: the beginning of binding 18–25 min., the end 28–37 min., compression strength after 2 h 2–5 MPa, compression strength of dried products 6–11 MPa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4518
{"title":"Microwave use of gypsum dehydration feasibility study","authors":"D. Kasparaitė, L. Lukošenkinaitė, Z. Valančius, N. Kybartienė, V. Leškevičienė","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4518","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the base techniques of a new fabrication procedure to obtain β-semy-hidrated calcium sulphate, β-plaster. The plaster is an aerial binder obtained through the dehydration of gypsum (CaSO 4 ×2H 2 O) and forming semy-hidrated calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 ×0,5H 2 O) at temperatures ranging between 110–160 °C. All plaster fabrication procedures used to this day are uneconomic. To obtain a larger deviated power, the application of a more intense electrical field is necessary. The dissipated power can also be increased by increasing the frequency; this can be done easily by using microwaves. They are applied more and more in industrial heating techniques, using high-frequency generators of a high powers and high-power magnetrons. The advantage of the microwave generators which use high-power magnetrons is that they are simple and cheap. The proposed fabrication procedure employs microwave energy and is based on the dielectric propriety of gypsum. As such, it is possible that the gypsum is dehydrated through dialectical heating into a resonant cavity with the microwave power. Water could absorb microwaves and increase the temperature rapidly within a short time. The results show that it is possible to use gypsum as a natural dielectric material in creating plaster through heating in a microwave field. Semi-hydrate produced under these conditions has the following characteristics: the beginning of binding 18–25 min., the end 28–37 min., compression strength after 2 h 2–5 MPa, compression strength of dried products 6–11 MPa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4518","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90290456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.3307
R. Asakaviciute, Z. Maknickienė, R. Jančienė, Tomas Javorskis
1-Oxopropyl- and 1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives bearing various substituents – acyl-, alkyl- and nitroso groups, and polycyclic imidazo[1,2-a][1,5]- and quinazoline[3,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepines were synthesized, and their influence on the development of the narrow-leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.) was investigated. The tests were performed under laboratory conditions, seeds of narrow-leafed lupin variety VB Derliai were germinated in Petri dishes. It was determined that nitrobenzamides were characterized by the strongest effect: 3-methyl-5-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-1-carbaldehyde ( 4 i ) mostly stimulated the growth of lupin roots (5.52 ± 0.89 cm); the longest stem (3.76 ± 0.64 cm) was obtained using 5-benzyl-3-methyl-1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one ( 4 j ), and the highest amount of lupin biomass (0.824 ± 0.074 g) was obtained using 5-acetyl-3-methyl-1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one ( 4 h ). Two field trials were performed; lupin plants of the VB Derliai variety were sprayed once at the rosette stage and once at the rosette stage before bud formation, using 30 mg/l solution of 4 h – j compounds. Upon applying 4 i solution, plants grew by 22 % higher as compared with plants in the control plots. Application of the solution of 4 h – j compounds reduced the infestation of narrow-leafed lupin plants with Fusarium fungi by 31–46 % and with Colletotrichum fungi by 81–91 % as compared with the control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.3307
合成了1-氧丙基-和1-(2-硝基苯甲酰基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2 - H -1,5-苯二氮卓衍生物，包括酰基、烷基和亚硝基取代基，以及多环咪唑[1,2-a][1,5]-和喹唑啉[3,2-a][1,5]苯二氮卓类化合物，并研究了它们对窄叶lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)发育的影响。在实验室条件下，对狭叶扁豆品种VB Derliai的种子在培养皿中萌发进行了试验。结果表明，硝基苯并胺类对罗苹根生长的影响最大:3-甲基-5-(2-硝基苯并甲酰)-4-氧-2,3,4,5-四氢- 1h -1,5-苯并二氮平-1-乙醛(4 i)对罗苹根生长的促进作用最大(5.52±0.89 cm);使用5-苄基-3-甲基-1-(2-硝基苯甲酰基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2 H -1,5-苯二氮卓-2-one (4 H)获得的茎长最长(3.76±0.64 cm)，生物量最高(0.824±0.074 g)。进行了两次现场试验;用30mg /l的4 h - j化合物溶液，在莲座期喷一次，在莲座期芽形成前喷一次。施用4i溶液后，植株的生长速度比对照区高出22%。与对照相比，施用4h - j化合物溶液可使狭叶扁豆的镰刀菌侵染率降低31 - 46%，炭疽菌侵染率降低81 - 91%。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.3307
{"title":"The influence of 1,5-substituted 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives on the growth and productivity of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)","authors":"R. Asakaviciute, Z. Maknickienė, R. Jančienė, Tomas Javorskis","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.3307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.3307","url":null,"abstract":"1-Oxopropyl- and 1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives bearing various substituents – acyl-, alkyl- and nitroso groups, and polycyclic imidazo[1,2-a][1,5]- and quinazoline[3,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepines were synthesized, and their influence on the development of the narrow-leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.) was investigated. The tests were performed under laboratory conditions, seeds of narrow-leafed lupin variety VB Derliai were germinated in Petri dishes. It was determined that nitrobenzamides were characterized by the strongest effect: 3-methyl-5-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-1-carbaldehyde ( 4 i ) mostly stimulated the growth of lupin roots (5.52 ± 0.89 cm); the longest stem (3.76 ± 0.64 cm) was obtained using 5-benzyl-3-methyl-1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one ( 4 j ), and the highest amount of lupin biomass (0.824 ± 0.074 g) was obtained using 5-acetyl-3-methyl-1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one ( 4 h ). Two field trials were performed; lupin plants of the VB Derliai variety were sprayed once at the rosette stage and once at the rosette stage before bud formation, using 30 mg/l solution of 4 h – j compounds. Upon applying 4 i solution, plants grew by 22 % higher as compared with plants in the control plots. Application of the solution of 4 h – j compounds reduced the infestation of narrow-leafed lupin plants with Fusarium fungi by 31–46 % and with Colletotrichum fungi by 81–91 % as compared with the control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.3307","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4519
V. Navikaitė, P. P. Danilovas, R. Klimaviciute, J. Bendoraitiene
Water-soluble starch derivatives were obtained by the oxidative destruction of native potato starch and cationic potato starch (DS = 0.06; 0.33; 0.66). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the molecular weight of such polysaccharides to decrease 30–500 times, and chemical analysis showed the appearance of new carbonyl and carboxyl groups up to 1.04 wt % and 0.2 wt %, respectively. The UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis proved soluble cationic starch derivatives to form non-stoichiometric polyelectrolite complexes with anionic iodine species and non-cationic soluble starch to form blue inclusion complexes with iodine. Solutions of iodophor complexes having up to 10 wt % of iodine (according to the mass of iodophor) were formed. The stability of iodophors was compared with that of KI–I 2 and PVP–I 2 iodophors which are products widely used in medical applications. After 18 days of experiment, the highest stability was shown by soluble cationic starch (DS = 0.06) – iodine sample, where the loss of molecular iodine was up to 37 wt %. The loss of molecular iodine for soluble cationic starch (DS = 0.33) – iodine and PVP–I 2 samples was 80–85 wt %. The KI–I 2 solution showed the lowest stability, whereas no iodine was found after 7 days. The hydrolysis of iodine in the solutions of soluble cationic starch derivatives was 3–10 times faster as compared with that in KI–I 2 or PVP–I 2 solutions. The free iodine content was lowest in soluble cationic starch (DS = 0.06) and PVP–I 2 solutions; therefore, these two samples are considered to be most stable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4519
{"title":"The stability of water-soluble modified starch iodophors","authors":"V. Navikaitė, P. P. Danilovas, R. Klimaviciute, J. Bendoraitiene","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4519","url":null,"abstract":"Water-soluble starch derivatives were obtained by the oxidative destruction of native potato starch and cationic potato starch (DS = 0.06; 0.33; 0.66). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the molecular weight of such polysaccharides to decrease 30–500 times, and chemical analysis showed the appearance of new carbonyl and carboxyl groups up to 1.04 wt % and 0.2 wt %, respectively. The UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis proved soluble cationic starch derivatives to form non-stoichiometric polyelectrolite complexes with anionic iodine species and non-cationic soluble starch to form blue inclusion complexes with iodine. Solutions of iodophor complexes having up to 10 wt % of iodine (according to the mass of iodophor) were formed. The stability of iodophors was compared with that of KI–I 2 and PVP–I 2 iodophors which are products widely used in medical applications. After 18 days of experiment, the highest stability was shown by soluble cationic starch (DS = 0.06) – iodine sample, where the loss of molecular iodine was up to 37 wt %. The loss of molecular iodine for soluble cationic starch (DS = 0.33) – iodine and PVP–I 2 samples was 80–85 wt %. The KI–I 2 solution showed the lowest stability, whereas no iodine was found after 7 days. The hydrolysis of iodine in the solutions of soluble cationic starch derivatives was 3–10 times faster as compared with that in KI–I 2 or PVP–I 2 solutions. The free iodine content was lowest in soluble cationic starch (DS = 0.06) and PVP–I 2 solutions; therefore, these two samples are considered to be most stable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4519","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85535063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4514
Ramūnė Kolosej, V. Mickevičius, I. Jonuškienė, Z. Brazienė, E. Jakienė
The influence of the biological activity of various concentrations of 3-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-phenylaminobutanoic sodium salt on summer rapeseed was studied by the laboratory screening in vitro and in field conditions. It was determined that the study compound stimulated rapeseed growth, increased their yield and had a positive effect on the oil quality. This compound increased plant biomass in vitro and root length by 2 mg/l. In the field trials, rapeseed seedlings were sprayed with a 100 mg/l solution, and the number of siliques and the weight of seeds were found to be increased. When seedlings were sprayed with 125 mg/l solution of the compound, the content of oil increased. The content of flavonoids and the radical scavenging activity were highest when seedlings were sprayed with a 75 mg/l solution of the compound. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4514
通过体外和田间筛选，研究了不同浓度3-(1 H -苯并咪唑-2-酰基)-4-苯基氨基丁酸钠盐对夏油菜籽生物活性的影响。结果表明，该化合物能促进油菜籽生长，提高油菜籽产量，并对油菜籽品质有积极影响。该化合物增加植株离体生物量和根长2 mg/l。在田间试验中，油菜籽幼苗喷施100 mg/l的溶液后，发现油菜籽的单株数和籽粒重量均有所增加。当喷施125 mg/l溶液时，油分含量增加。以75 mg/l浓度喷施时，黄酮类化合物含量最高，自由基清除能力最强。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4514
{"title":"The influence of 3-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-phenylaminobutanoic acid sodium salt on summer rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield and oil quality","authors":"Ramūnė Kolosej, V. Mickevičius, I. Jonuškienė, Z. Brazienė, E. Jakienė","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.63.1.4514","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the biological activity of various concentrations of 3-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-phenylaminobutanoic sodium salt on summer rapeseed was studied by the laboratory screening in vitro and in field conditions. It was determined that the study compound stimulated rapeseed growth, increased their yield and had a positive effect on the oil quality. This compound increased plant biomass in vitro and root length by 2 mg/l. In the field trials, rapeseed seedlings were sprayed with a 100 mg/l solution, and the number of siliques and the weight of seeds were found to be increased. When seedlings were sprayed with 125 mg/l solution of the compound, the content of oil increased. The content of flavonoids and the radical scavenging activity were highest when seedlings were sprayed with a 75 mg/l solution of the compound. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.63.1.4514","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"08 1","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88302025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-30DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3410
L. Tomsone, Z. Kruma, I. Alsina, L. Lepse
Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana L.) is a perennial herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family; it contains biologically active substances such as phenolic compounds. The aim of the present research was to clasify horseradish root genotypes, based on the total phenol content and antioxidant properties, using the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and to compare them with clusters obtained from data of the molecular random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Plant phenolic compounds are among the most important primary antioxidants. The p henolic composition of plants is affected by different factors such as variety, genotype, climate, harvest time, storage, processing. Nine genotypes of horseradish roots harvested at three different times in the period from August to November 2011 were used. Several statistical methods can be used to assess differences in the horseradish genotypes. Using a univariate statistical analysis and standard deviations for each analyzed variable does not help to get a complete insight into the complex analysis. Multivariate statistical methods are appropriate tools for the analysis of a complex data matrix. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) used in the current research is a simple way of grouping the set of available data by their similarities according to a set of selected variables. No similarities were found by clustering the genotypes according to the content of biologically active compounds and molecular analyses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3410
{"title":"The application of hierarchical cluster analysis for clasifying horseradish genotypes (Armoracia rusticana L.) roots","authors":"L. Tomsone, Z. Kruma, I. Alsina, L. Lepse","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3410","url":null,"abstract":"Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana L.) is a perennial herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family; it contains biologically active substances such as phenolic compounds. The aim of the present research was to clasify horseradish root genotypes, based on the total phenol content and antioxidant properties, using the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and to compare them with clusters obtained from data of the molecular random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Plant phenolic compounds are among the most important primary antioxidants. The p henolic composition of plants is affected by different factors such as variety, genotype, climate, harvest time, storage, processing. Nine genotypes of horseradish roots harvested at three different times in the period from August to November 2011 were used. Several statistical methods can be used to assess differences in the horseradish genotypes. Using a univariate statistical analysis and standard deviations for each analyzed variable does not help to get a complete insight into the complex analysis. Multivariate statistical methods are appropriate tools for the analysis of a complex data matrix. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) used in the current research is a simple way of grouping the set of available data by their similarities according to a set of selected variables. No similarities were found by clustering the genotypes according to the content of biologically active compounds and molecular analyses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3410","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89284421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-30DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3411
K. Antoņenko, Viesturs Kreicbergs, M. Duma
Barley is a major world crop ranked as the fourth most important cereal in terms of plant area. Barley is consumed around the world, mostly in the malted form in brewing industry. Recently, many investigations in malt production intensification with biologically active compounds or ferment preparations have been accomplished. However, comprehensive studies on the effect of copper additives on barley grain sprouting are still required. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different copper concentrations on barley grain sprouting and on the content of total phenols. Barley grains of 92 % viability were soaked in different solutions (Cu 2+ concentration 10–500 mg/l) for 12 hours, left for sprouting at a temperature of 18 ± 2 °C for 5 days, and then dried in the oven for 48 hours at 50 ° C . The control sample of grain was soaked in deionized water. The sprouting activity of the grain was determined after sprouting, whereas the content of total phenols was determined after the grain had dr ied out . The obtained results show that at the copper concentration of 10–50 mg/l , barley grain sprouting activity increases essentially. At the copper concentration of 100 mg/l, barley grain sprouting decreases sharply; moreover, at the copper concentration of 500 mg/l no barley grain sprouting activity was detected. The highest content of total phenols was observed when copper concentration in the solution was 50 mg/l. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3411
{"title":"The influence of different copper concentrations on barley grain sprouting and the content of total phenols","authors":"K. Antoņenko, Viesturs Kreicbergs, M. Duma","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.62.4.3411","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is a major world crop ranked as the fourth most important cereal in terms of plant area. Barley is consumed around the world, mostly in the malted form in brewing industry. Recently, many investigations in malt production intensification with biologically active compounds or ferment preparations have been accomplished. However, comprehensive studies on the effect of copper additives on barley grain sprouting are still required. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different copper concentrations on barley grain sprouting and on the content of total phenols. Barley grains of 92 % viability were soaked in different solutions (Cu 2+ concentration 10–500 mg/l) for 12 hours, left for sprouting at a temperature of 18 ± 2 °C for 5 days, and then dried in the oven for 48 hours at 50 ° C . The control sample of grain was soaked in deionized water. The sprouting activity of the grain was determined after sprouting, whereas the content of total phenols was determined after the grain had dr ied out . The obtained results show that at the copper concentration of 10–50 mg/l , barley grain sprouting activity increases essentially. At the copper concentration of 100 mg/l, barley grain sprouting decreases sharply; moreover, at the copper concentration of 500 mg/l no barley grain sprouting activity was detected. The highest content of total phenols was observed when copper concentration in the solution was 50 mg/l. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.62.4.3411","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75870588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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