R. Rajavel, T. Sivakumar, M. Jagadeeswaran, V. Rajesh, P. Malliga
In the present study, the ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae is evaluated for invitro and invivo antioxidant activity. The extract exhibited concentration dependendent 1, 1-diphenyl -2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 80 μg/ml, 220μg/ml and107.5μg/ml. Further, the protective effect of ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage was evaluated in albino wistar rats. The results of the Invivo study revealed that, pretreatment with ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae in doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg orally enhanced the tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione reductase (GR). The results obtained in the present study indicate that ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae can be a potential source of natural antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Evaluation of Invitro and Invivo Antioxidant Activity of Oscillatoria annae","authors":"R. Rajavel, T. Sivakumar, M. Jagadeeswaran, V. Rajesh, P. Malliga","doi":"10.5580/25ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/25ef","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae is evaluated for invitro and invivo antioxidant activity. The extract exhibited concentration dependendent 1, 1-diphenyl -2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 80 μg/ml, 220μg/ml and107.5μg/ml. Further, the protective effect of ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage was evaluated in albino wistar rats. The results of the Invivo study revealed that, pretreatment with ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae in doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg orally enhanced the tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione reductase (GR). The results obtained in the present study indicate that ethanol extract of Oscillatoria annae can be a potential source of natural antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87147385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pai, Ashwin Pai, Gurudutt M Kamath, Sheila R. Pai, N. Rathi
Introduction : Acute myopia and secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma are serious adverse effects of topiramate use, both of which are reversible with immediate discontinuation of the drug. Topiramate is an oral sulfamate medication used primarily for epilepsy and migraine1. Other uses of topiramate include use in management of peripheral neuropathies and radiculopathies, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, adjunctive therapy in alcohol dependence and nicotine cessation2• Case presentation: A 40 year old man, on oral topiramate for alcohol dependence, presented with complaints of severe pain, redness and sudden loss of vision in both eyes since two days. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes with minus three diopters sphere. A diagnosis of secondary angle closure glaucoma with myopic shift was made.• Conclusion : Topiramate was discontinued immediately and anti glaucoma therapy initiated along with topical steroids. Unaided visual acuity returned to 20/20 in both eyes with normal anterior segment and intraocular pressure within one week of treatment.
{"title":"Topiramate Induced Acute Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma And Myopic Shift : A Case Review","authors":"S. Pai, Ashwin Pai, Gurudutt M Kamath, Sheila R. Pai, N. Rathi","doi":"10.5580/50d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/50d","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Acute myopia and secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma are serious adverse effects of topiramate use, both of which are reversible with immediate discontinuation of the drug. Topiramate is an oral sulfamate medication used primarily for epilepsy and migraine1. Other uses of topiramate include use in management of peripheral neuropathies and radiculopathies, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, adjunctive therapy in alcohol dependence and nicotine cessation2• Case presentation: A 40 year old man, on oral topiramate for alcohol dependence, presented with complaints of severe pain, redness and sudden loss of vision in both eyes since two days. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes with minus three diopters sphere. A diagnosis of secondary angle closure glaucoma with myopic shift was made.• Conclusion : Topiramate was discontinued immediately and anti glaucoma therapy initiated along with topical steroids. Unaided visual acuity returned to 20/20 in both eyes with normal anterior segment and intraocular pressure within one week of treatment.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89034573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Suguitan, I. Señga, G. Serrano, D. Sese, Patrick Louie T. Sy, S. Sy, Kristy Michelle S. Taladua, C. C. Tan, Joy C. Simbulan, Maria Clarissa S. Sobrio, F. Suarez, Jon Jayson M. Sy, C. Tanayan, Maria Patricia Angelica M. Tanchuling, D. Sumalapao
Background Primarily used as a centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drug, clonidine has also been shown to affect blood glucose determinants by acting on peripheral α-2 adrenoreceptors. However, the studies which investigate the effect of clonidine on blood glucose levels yielded conflicting results depending on conditions applied. Methods Thirty-five (35) adult male SpragueDawley rats weighing 140-330 grams were randomly and equally assigned to five treatment groups of varying clonidine doses: 1, 2, 4, 7μg/kg and 0.9% NaCl (control). The doses were administered intra-peritoneally after fasting the rats for 18 hours. Whole blood samples (at least 1 μl) were obtained via tail pricking/tail lancing and measured for glucose levels using a commercially available glucometer (One-touch Ultra ®) 1 hour before injection to get baseline blood glucose levels and every hour for 8 hours after injection to measure changes in blood glucose levels. The rats remained fasted until after the 8-hour monitoring period. Data were analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Tukey LSD at 95% confidence interval (α=0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) reflecting the cumulative blood glucose level within the first 8-hour monitoring period for each dosage was computed. Results Significant differences among fasting blood glucose levels of 2, 4, 7 μg/kg and control groups were observed at the 1 to 4 hour after injection, with the treatment groups having higher glucose levels than the control group. No significant difference was observed between the 1 μg/kg group and control group. At the 5 hour onwards, no significant difference was noted among treatment means. Cumulative dose effect of clonidine (AUC) showed a significant rise in glucose at 4 and 7 μg/kg with apparent saturation at 4 μg/kg when plotted in a dose-response curve. Conclusions Intraperitoneal administration of clonidine significantly increases blood glucose levels when administered at 2, 4 and 7 μg/kg with peak effect at 1 to 3 hour post injection and no significant difference starting at 5 hour post-injection onwards. Optimal dosage is found to be at 4 μg/kg.
{"title":"Temporal Effect of Varying Doses of Clonidineon the Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"A. Suguitan, I. Señga, G. Serrano, D. Sese, Patrick Louie T. Sy, S. Sy, Kristy Michelle S. Taladua, C. C. Tan, Joy C. Simbulan, Maria Clarissa S. Sobrio, F. Suarez, Jon Jayson M. Sy, C. Tanayan, Maria Patricia Angelica M. Tanchuling, D. Sumalapao","doi":"10.5580/39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/39","url":null,"abstract":"Background Primarily used as a centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drug, clonidine has also been shown to affect blood glucose determinants by acting on peripheral α-2 adrenoreceptors. However, the studies which investigate the effect of clonidine on blood glucose levels yielded conflicting results depending on conditions applied. Methods Thirty-five (35) adult male SpragueDawley rats weighing 140-330 grams were randomly and equally assigned to five treatment groups of varying clonidine doses: 1, 2, 4, 7μg/kg and 0.9% NaCl (control). The doses were administered intra-peritoneally after fasting the rats for 18 hours. Whole blood samples (at least 1 μl) were obtained via tail pricking/tail lancing and measured for glucose levels using a commercially available glucometer (One-touch Ultra ®) 1 hour before injection to get baseline blood glucose levels and every hour for 8 hours after injection to measure changes in blood glucose levels. The rats remained fasted until after the 8-hour monitoring period. Data were analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Tukey LSD at 95% confidence interval (α=0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) reflecting the cumulative blood glucose level within the first 8-hour monitoring period for each dosage was computed. Results Significant differences among fasting blood glucose levels of 2, 4, 7 μg/kg and control groups were observed at the 1 to 4 hour after injection, with the treatment groups having higher glucose levels than the control group. No significant difference was observed between the 1 μg/kg group and control group. At the 5 hour onwards, no significant difference was noted among treatment means. Cumulative dose effect of clonidine (AUC) showed a significant rise in glucose at 4 and 7 μg/kg with apparent saturation at 4 μg/kg when plotted in a dose-response curve. Conclusions Intraperitoneal administration of clonidine significantly increases blood glucose levels when administered at 2, 4 and 7 μg/kg with peak effect at 1 to 3 hour post injection and no significant difference starting at 5 hour post-injection onwards. Optimal dosage is found to be at 4 μg/kg.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86079655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
:The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like activity of hydroethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Dillenia indica . Materials and methods :Hydroethanolic extracts of Dillenia indica leaves at 50 ,100 and 200 mg/kg (p.o.) was adminsterd to study anxiolytic effect . Different models of anxiolytic activity viz. hole board , open field , elevated-plus maze and light/dark exploration models were used . Diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.) was used as the standard drug . Observations : In the hole-board model , there was dose-dependent ( at 100 and 200 mg/kg) and significant (p<.05) increase in the number of headpokes and the time of head dipping in treated groups in comparison to vehicle . In open-field test , the number of rearing and squares traversed increased significantly (p<.05) at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg . In the elevated –plus maze , there was significant increase (p<.05) in time spent and number of entries into the openarms at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg . In light-dark exploration test the extract at100 mg/kg and those at 200 mg/kg also showed significant activity (p<.05). Conclusion : Hydroethanolic extract of Dillenia indica leaves shows prominent anxiolytic activity in mice .
{"title":"A Study Of The Anxiolytic-Like Activity Of Dillenia Indica LINN. Leaves In Experimental Models Of Anxiety In Mice","authors":"M. Lahkar, B. Thakuria, Pradumna Pathak","doi":"10.5580/965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/965","url":null,"abstract":":The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like activity of hydroethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Dillenia indica . Materials and methods :Hydroethanolic extracts of Dillenia indica leaves at 50 ,100 and 200 mg/kg (p.o.) was adminsterd to study anxiolytic effect . Different models of anxiolytic activity viz. hole board , open field , elevated-plus maze and light/dark exploration models were used . Diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.) was used as the standard drug . Observations : In the hole-board model , there was dose-dependent ( at 100 and 200 mg/kg) and significant (p<.05) increase in the number of headpokes and the time of head dipping in treated groups in comparison to vehicle . In open-field test , the number of rearing and squares traversed increased significantly (p<.05) at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg . In the elevated –plus maze , there was significant increase (p<.05) in time spent and number of entries into the openarms at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg . In light-dark exploration test the extract at100 mg/kg and those at 200 mg/kg also showed significant activity (p<.05). Conclusion : Hydroethanolic extract of Dillenia indica leaves shows prominent anxiolytic activity in mice .","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83468591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enteric coated aceclofenac matrix tablets were formulated as sustained release tablets employing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer and the sustained release behavior of the fabricated tablets were investigated. Sustained release matrix tablets containing 200 mg aceclofenac were developed using different drug polymer ratios of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. Formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and in vitro drug release. The resulting formulations produced monolithic tablets with optimum hardness, uniform thickness, consistent weight uniformity and low friability. Aceclofenac release from tablets was extended from 16 to 24 h from formulated batches. The results of dissolution studies indicated that formulation F-V (drug to polymer 1:0.470), the most successful of the study, exhibited drug release pattern very close to theoretical release profile. Applying kinetic equation models to F-V batch it was found to be followed Higuchi model, as the plots showed high linearity, with correlation coefficient (R) value 0.9911.Therefore, the formulation F-V tablets showed diffusion dominated drug release. The accelerated stability study showed that the shelf life 40 months (batch F-V) and promising drug storage results.
{"title":"Design, In Vitro Evaluation and Release Rate Kinetics of Matrix Type Sustained Release Tablet Containing Aceclofenac","authors":"S. Basak, J. Karthikeyan, B. Bhusan","doi":"10.5580/554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/554","url":null,"abstract":"Enteric coated aceclofenac matrix tablets were formulated as sustained release tablets employing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer and the sustained release behavior of the fabricated tablets were investigated. Sustained release matrix tablets containing 200 mg aceclofenac were developed using different drug polymer ratios of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. Formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and in vitro drug release. The resulting formulations produced monolithic tablets with optimum hardness, uniform thickness, consistent weight uniformity and low friability. Aceclofenac release from tablets was extended from 16 to 24 h from formulated batches. The results of dissolution studies indicated that formulation F-V (drug to polymer 1:0.470), the most successful of the study, exhibited drug release pattern very close to theoretical release profile. Applying kinetic equation models to F-V batch it was found to be followed Higuchi model, as the plots showed high linearity, with correlation coefficient (R) value 0.9911.Therefore, the formulation F-V tablets showed diffusion dominated drug release. The accelerated stability study showed that the shelf life 40 months (batch F-V) and promising drug storage results.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74141782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of Endosulfan on water and food intake of adult wistar rats was studied. Endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide from the cyclodiene group was administered daily and orally to male and female albino wistar rats. Different doses of Endosulfan 0.2, 5 and 10mg/kg body weight were given to different groups for twenty eight (28) days . For the control group, nsaline was administered. Measured amount of water and food were given to all the dose groups four hourly daily. At each end of the four hours, volume of water and weight of food taken were measured and calculated in all the dose groups. There was an increase in water consumption dose dependently in the treated groups when compared with the control for the twenty eight days of the study. The groups administered with 5 and 10mg Endosulfan/kg elicited a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in water consumption in the third and fourth weeks of the study. For the food intake, a dose dependent decrease was elicited by Endosulfan. The result for the water and food intake indicate alteration in the hypothalamus. The pesticide, Endosulfan may have induced polydypsia through central or nephrogenic mechanisms by stimulating the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus to release Arginine vasopressin (AVP). Similarly, decrease in food intake may have occurred through the Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
{"title":"Endosulfan Induced Polydypsia In Adult Wistar Rats","authors":"C. Nosiri, J. Anuka, A. Rafindadi","doi":"10.5580/1daf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1daf","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Endosulfan on water and food intake of adult wistar rats was studied. Endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide from the cyclodiene group was administered daily and orally to male and female albino wistar rats. Different doses of Endosulfan 0.2, 5 and 10mg/kg body weight were given to different groups for twenty eight (28) days . For the control group, nsaline was administered. Measured amount of water and food were given to all the dose groups four hourly daily. At each end of the four hours, volume of water and weight of food taken were measured and calculated in all the dose groups. There was an increase in water consumption dose dependently in the treated groups when compared with the control for the twenty eight days of the study. The groups administered with 5 and 10mg Endosulfan/kg elicited a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in water consumption in the third and fourth weeks of the study. For the food intake, a dose dependent decrease was elicited by Endosulfan. The result for the water and food intake indicate alteration in the hypothalamus. The pesticide, Endosulfan may have induced polydypsia through central or nephrogenic mechanisms by stimulating the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus to release Arginine vasopressin (AVP). Similarly, decrease in food intake may have occurred through the Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77577526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anti-stress activity of aqueous extract of Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated using chronic cold restraint stress model in Wistar rats. Standard behavioural paradigms such as elevated plus maze model and light-dark model were employed to study the anxiolytic potential of the test extract in Swiss Albino mice. Stimulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in stressful condition alters biochemical levels like plasma corticosterone, glucose, proteins, triglyceride, and cholesterol and affects adrenal gland and spleen weights. Pretreatment with test extract at all doses ameliorated these stress-induced biochemical and physiological perturbations in chronic stress model, suggesting its anti-stress potential. Further, the extract at all doses increased the time spent in open arm and lit zone in elevated plus maze and light-dark model respectively, giving an indication of its anxiolytic activity. The promising effects of T. indica extract observed in anti-stress and anxiolytic activities were comparable to reference drug, diazepam.
{"title":"Effect of roots of Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) on stress and anxiety in animal models","authors":"M. P. Kulkarni, A. Juvekar","doi":"10.5580/1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1781","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-stress activity of aqueous extract of Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated using chronic cold restraint stress model in Wistar rats. Standard behavioural paradigms such as elevated plus maze model and light-dark model were employed to study the anxiolytic potential of the test extract in Swiss Albino mice. Stimulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in stressful condition alters biochemical levels like plasma corticosterone, glucose, proteins, triglyceride, and cholesterol and affects adrenal gland and spleen weights. Pretreatment with test extract at all doses ameliorated these stress-induced biochemical and physiological perturbations in chronic stress model, suggesting its anti-stress potential. Further, the extract at all doses increased the time spent in open arm and lit zone in elevated plus maze and light-dark model respectively, giving an indication of its anxiolytic activity. The promising effects of T. indica extract observed in anti-stress and anxiolytic activities were comparable to reference drug, diazepam.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82631144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug use problems are common worldwide. Nepal is a developing country with several drug use problems. The Drug and Therapeutics committee (DTC) in Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH) has been playing a vital role in promoting rational use of medicines in the hospital. The DTC has banned several irrational fixed dose combinations and formulated several guidance regarding safe and effective use of medicines. The DTC in MTH has proven the importance of DTCs in developing countries like Nepal in improving rational use of medicines in hospitals settings.
{"title":"Drug and Therapeutics Committee in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"K. Alam, Subish Palaian","doi":"10.5580/1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1320","url":null,"abstract":"Drug use problems are common worldwide. Nepal is a developing country with several drug use problems. The Drug and Therapeutics committee (DTC) in Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH) has been playing a vital role in promoting rational use of medicines in the hospital. The DTC has banned several irrational fixed dose combinations and formulated several guidance regarding safe and effective use of medicines. The DTC in MTH has proven the importance of DTCs in developing countries like Nepal in improving rational use of medicines in hospitals settings.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72843652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate comparative hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Cassia glauca leaf and bark. The various parameters studied included effect on fasting blood glucose levels of normoglycemic rats, oral glucose tolerance test and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On oral administration , aqueous extract showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) effect by reducing the effect of external glucose load in diabetic rats. In chronic model of treatment, the difference between the experimental (Cassia glauca bark extract) rats in lowering the fasting plasma glucose levels was statistically significant (P < 0.001) as compared in diabetic rats on day 21. These findings suggest the significant hypoglycemic potential of the Cassia glauca bark extracts in ameliorating the diabetic conditions in diabetic rats. No significant effects were found in the normal rats. Source of Support: The authors sincerely thank Dr. F. V. Manvi, Principal, KLES’s College of Pharmacy for providing the necessary facilities for this work.
本研究的目的是比较黑光决明子叶和树皮水提物的降糖活性。研究的各项参数包括对正常血糖大鼠空腹血糖水平的影响、对糖耐量试验的影响以及对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠降糖活性的影响。水提物对糖尿病大鼠外糖负荷的影响有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。在慢性模型治疗中，与糖尿病大鼠相比，实验组(决明子皮提取物)在第21天降低空腹血糖水平的差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。这些结果表明，决明子树皮提取物在改善糖尿病大鼠的糖尿病状况方面具有显著的降糖潜力。对正常大鼠无明显影响。支持来源:作者衷心感谢克尔斯药学院院长F. V. Manvi博士为本工作提供必要的设施。
{"title":"Comparative Hypoglycemic Effects of Cassia Glauca Lam. in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"M. Salahuddin, S. Jalalpure","doi":"10.5580/25f9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/25f9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate comparative hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Cassia glauca leaf and bark. The various parameters studied included effect on fasting blood glucose levels of normoglycemic rats, oral glucose tolerance test and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On oral administration , aqueous extract showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) effect by reducing the effect of external glucose load in diabetic rats. In chronic model of treatment, the difference between the experimental (Cassia glauca bark extract) rats in lowering the fasting plasma glucose levels was statistically significant (P < 0.001) as compared in diabetic rats on day 21. These findings suggest the significant hypoglycemic potential of the Cassia glauca bark extracts in ameliorating the diabetic conditions in diabetic rats. No significant effects were found in the normal rats. Source of Support: The authors sincerely thank Dr. F. V. Manvi, Principal, KLES’s College of Pharmacy for providing the necessary facilities for this work.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84382622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hallucinogenic effect of aqueous seed extract of D. metel was evaluated. The ethanolic extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry and the result shows the presence of an alkaloid scopolamine. Male wister rats were divided into four groups and were orally administered with aqueous seed extract of 0.0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg body weight respectively. The treated groups exhibited some behavioral changes such as restlessness, aggressiveness, agitation and disorientation. The effect of the extract on the food and water intake shows a significant decrease (p<.05) in the 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg extract treated groups as compared with control. However, the heart rate increased significantly (p<.05) in 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg treated groups while the respiratory rate increased in the 0.8mg/kg treated group as compared with control respectively. A decrease of vitamin A, C and E was observed at all dose level particularly in 0.8mg/kg extract treated group (p<.05) at 3.27± 0.1, 4.08± 0.3 and 0.28± 0.04µg./dl respectively. The hallucinogenic effect observed may be due to the presence of the alkaloid scopolamine.
{"title":"Hallucinogenic Effects Of Aqueous Seeds Extract OfDatura Metel In Rats.","authors":"M. Abubakar, U. Suleiman, A. Frank, A. Ukwuani","doi":"10.5580/13fd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/13fd","url":null,"abstract":"The hallucinogenic effect of aqueous seed extract of D. metel was evaluated. The ethanolic extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry and the result shows the presence of an alkaloid scopolamine. Male wister rats were divided into four groups and were orally administered with aqueous seed extract of 0.0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg body weight respectively. The treated groups exhibited some behavioral changes such as restlessness, aggressiveness, agitation and disorientation. The effect of the extract on the food and water intake shows a significant decrease (p<.05) in the 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg extract treated groups as compared with control. However, the heart rate increased significantly (p<.05) in 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg treated groups while the respiratory rate increased in the 0.8mg/kg treated group as compared with control respectively. A decrease of vitamin A, C and E was observed at all dose level particularly in 0.8mg/kg extract treated group (p<.05) at 3.27± 0.1, 4.08± 0.3 and 0.28± 0.04µg./dl respectively. The hallucinogenic effect observed may be due to the presence of the alkaloid scopolamine.","PeriodicalId":22523,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77736886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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