Human identification is the mainstay of civilization. Identification by teeth is not new. Bite marks may be found at a number of crime scenes. Human bite mark analysis is one of the most complicated and demanding part of forensic dentistry. The individuality of human dentition allows the forensic odontologists to reach to a strong opinion of association in cases of identification and bite mark analysis. In the cases of physical assault having skin injuries, the anatomy and physiology of skin and the position of the victim affect the detail and the shape of the bite mark and hence not all bite marks have the level of forensic value necessary to identify just one individual. Advanced techniques using digital overlays have been suggested. However the advent of DNA and its recovery from bite marks has offered an objective method of bite mark analysis. The issues within the bite mark analysis are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Human Bite Marks In Skin: A Review","authors":"N. Kaushal","doi":"10.5580/1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1281","url":null,"abstract":"Human identification is the mainstay of civilization. Identification by teeth is not new. Bite marks may be found at a number of crime scenes. Human bite mark analysis is one of the most complicated and demanding part of forensic dentistry. The individuality of human dentition allows the forensic odontologists to reach to a strong opinion of association in cases of identification and bite mark analysis. In the cases of physical assault having skin injuries, the anatomy and physiology of skin and the position of the victim affect the detail and the shape of the bite mark and hence not all bite marks have the level of forensic value necessary to identify just one individual. Advanced techniques using digital overlays have been suggested. However the advent of DNA and its recovery from bite marks has offered an objective method of bite mark analysis. The issues within the bite mark analysis are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper aims to investigate relations between parental and filial generations in morphological characteristics of Santhals. For this purpose, a cross-sectional sample of 400 Fathers, 400 Mothers, 292 Sons and 170 Daughters were examined and measured. Data were collected from number villages of Ranibandh block of Bankura district of West Bengal, using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Both Santhal Sons and Daughters have great affinity with their Fathers and Mothers. Significantly higher mean values of Stature and other linear body measurements in Sons and Daughters, as compared to their Fathers and Mothers respectively might indicate a positive secular trend. Sex differences are evident in most of the body measurements. In terms of body physique Fathers, Mothers, Sons and Daughters are predominantly Mesomorphic. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure show slightly higher values in parental generation than in filial generation.
{"title":"Assessing intergenerational differences in anthro-physiological variables: case study of a tribal population","authors":"Sudipta Ghosh, S. Malik","doi":"10.5580/284e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/284e","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper aims to investigate relations between parental and filial generations in morphological characteristics of Santhals. For this purpose, a cross-sectional sample of 400 Fathers, 400 Mothers, 292 Sons and 170 Daughters were examined and measured. Data were collected from number villages of Ranibandh block of Bankura district of West Bengal, using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Both Santhal Sons and Daughters have great affinity with their Fathers and Mothers. Significantly higher mean values of Stature and other linear body measurements in Sons and Daughters, as compared to their Fathers and Mothers respectively might indicate a positive secular trend. Sex differences are evident in most of the body measurements. In terms of body physique Fathers, Mothers, Sons and Daughters are predominantly Mesomorphic. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure show slightly higher values in parental generation than in filial generation.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81244097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It seems to be evident from all the data that studies of DNA from human beings, combining both ancient and the modern, give us a hope of finding out the mishmash between the various kinds of pathways, human admixtures have occurred. Sometimes, to understand this process, one has to use the ultimate politically incorrect term ‘race.’ Thus, one may comment about the different ‘races’ of human beings, their migrations to different parts of the globe, and their genetic admixtures caused during the course of their journeys and the areas where they stayed. One attempt at looking at these admixtures would be the one by Jean M. Auel. However, geneticists feel that looking at gene sequences and then matching them with those they have in their libraries would show how much variation there has been between different groups and the probable causes for these could then be found. It was soon found that this created some problems. Genetic admixtures by themselves need not create large differences. Thus, some genes were found to be conserved over long periods of time whereas others changed rapidly giving rise to differences. If one used this as a marker to decide the passage of time, then one could be seriously wrong.
从所有的数据来看，似乎很明显，对人类DNA的研究，结合古代和现代，给了我们一个希望，找到各种途径之间的混合，人类混合已经发生了。有时，为了理解这一过程，人们不得不使用“种族”这个政治上最不正确的术语。因此，人们可以评论人类的不同“种族”，他们迁移到地球的不同地区，以及他们在旅行过程中和他们居住的地区所产生的基因混合。Jean M. Auel尝试研究这些混合物。然而，遗传学家认为，观察基因序列，然后将它们与他们的文库中的基因序列进行匹配，将显示不同群体之间的差异有多大，然后就可以找到这些差异的可能原因。人们很快发现这造成了一些问题。基因外加剂本身不需要产生很大的差异。因此，发现一些基因在很长一段时间内保持不变，而另一些基因则迅速变化，从而产生差异。如果有人用它作为一个标记来决定时间的流逝，那么他可能大错特错。
{"title":"What’s There In Our Genes? A Case For A More Inclusive And Multi-Disciplinary Outlook","authors":"A. Ghosh, K. Krishan","doi":"10.5580/6eb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/6eb","url":null,"abstract":"It seems to be evident from all the data that studies of DNA from human beings, combining both ancient and the modern, give us a hope of finding out the mishmash between the various kinds of pathways, human admixtures have occurred. Sometimes, to understand this process, one has to use the ultimate politically incorrect term ‘race.’ Thus, one may comment about the different ‘races’ of human beings, their migrations to different parts of the globe, and their genetic admixtures caused during the course of their journeys and the areas where they stayed. One attempt at looking at these admixtures would be the one by Jean M. Auel. However, geneticists feel that looking at gene sequences and then matching them with those they have in their libraries would show how much variation there has been between different groups and the probable causes for these could then be found. It was soon found that this created some problems. Genetic admixtures by themselves need not create large differences. Thus, some genes were found to be conserved over long periods of time whereas others changed rapidly giving rise to differences. If one used this as a marker to decide the passage of time, then one could be seriously wrong.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85462212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To find out the incidence of sex-linked defective color vision in people of Bathinda district in southern Punjab, a survey was planned among the school going boys using standard Ishihara’s Color Plates Chart. The present study was conducted on a total of 1,002 individuals belonging to 9 caste,11 backward caste and 5 scheduled caste endogamous groups, as well as a few from Muslim and Christian religious groups. In the total individuals screened as many as 34 cases of red-green color blindness and 3 of total color blindness were detected. All the red-green color blind subjects were found to be of deutan type, comprising 8 strong and 26 mild cases. No protan individual was detected in the present survey. Of the 27 endogamous groups tested, 16 groups showed absence of the trait while the incidence in remaining groups of the castes, backward castes and schedule castes were in rather similar and broad ranges between 0 to 6.7%, 0 to 6.3% and 0 to 4.7% respectively. Besides, in each of these 3 caste groupings, 1 total color blind subject was found. Compared to some initial studies on color blindness available from Punjab(average 5.2%),the present and some other recent surveys provide comparatively lower estimates of all trait (average 3.22%) which is found to be very close to that of U.P.(3.28%) and Delhi (3.15%) suggesting similarities in this genetic trait among populations of these states of the region. While in 249 populations on the North-Western Indian region so far tested the average incidence of color blindness was calculated to be 3.98%.To fully appreciate the true variation of this genetic trait and also to complete the genetic map of people of people of Punjab, further studies, are required.
{"title":"Incidence Of Color Blindness Among Some Endogamous Groups Of Bathinda District, Punjab","authors":"Anjali Singh, S. Chahal","doi":"10.5580/11a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/11a6","url":null,"abstract":"To find out the incidence of sex-linked defective color vision in people of Bathinda district in southern Punjab, a survey was planned among the school going boys using standard Ishihara’s Color Plates Chart. The present study was conducted on a total of 1,002 individuals belonging to 9 caste,11 backward caste and 5 scheduled caste endogamous groups, as well as a few from Muslim and Christian religious groups. In the total individuals screened as many as 34 cases of red-green color blindness and 3 of total color blindness were detected. All the red-green color blind subjects were found to be of deutan type, comprising 8 strong and 26 mild cases. No protan individual was detected in the present survey. Of the 27 endogamous groups tested, 16 groups showed absence of the trait while the incidence in remaining groups of the castes, backward castes and schedule castes were in rather similar and broad ranges between 0 to 6.7%, 0 to 6.3% and 0 to 4.7% respectively. Besides, in each of these 3 caste groupings, 1 total color blind subject was found. Compared to some initial studies on color blindness available from Punjab(average 5.2%),the present and some other recent surveys provide comparatively lower estimates of all trait (average 3.22%) which is found to be very close to that of U.P.(3.28%) and Delhi (3.15%) suggesting similarities in this genetic trait among populations of these states of the region. While in 249 populations on the North-Western Indian region so far tested the average incidence of color blindness was calculated to be 3.98%.To fully appreciate the true variation of this genetic trait and also to complete the genetic map of people of people of Punjab, further studies, are required.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90615696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This crosssectional study reports the data of five facial measurements: facial height nasal height, maxillary height, mandibular height and orofacial height among the Urhobo people of southern Nigeria. Sample size comprised of 140 individual, 60males and 80 females. The result of the study showed that Urhobos are mesoproscopic. Sexual dimorphism was also observed with males having significantly higher indices than female (P< 0.05). This study provides a base line data for the Urhobo people of Southern Nigeria.
{"title":"Facial Dimensions In Urhobo’s Of Nigeria","authors":"O. Ebeye, E. Emore, E. Ebite, N. J. Ijeh","doi":"10.5580/ff6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/ff6","url":null,"abstract":"This crosssectional study reports the data of five facial measurements: facial height nasal height, maxillary height, mandibular height and orofacial height among the Urhobo people of southern Nigeria. Sample size comprised of 140 individual, 60males and 80 females. The result of the study showed that Urhobos are mesoproscopic. Sexual dimorphism was also observed with males having significantly higher indices than female (P< 0.05). This study provides a base line data for the Urhobo people of Southern Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74108620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Demayo, M. Torres, Paul R. Olvis, Nadia O. Manlegro
The face shape of individuals belonging to seven different indigenous groups (IG) from Mindanao was studied using geometric morphometric analysis. A total of 496 images of the face (217 males and 279 females) were obtained from the Bagobo, Bilaan, Higaunon, Kalagan, Maranao, Subanen and Talaandig groups. Forty three manually defined landmarks done in triplicates generated relative warp scores which were subjected to different statistical tools in order to compare face shapes and to examine relatedness between IGs. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis showed significant variation between IGs however, patterns of clustering were different in male and female populations. Procrustes ANOVA showed that sides, individual, and interaction in all IGs of both populations had P-values of <0.000, which is indicative of the presence of asymmetry, distinctness of the face shape each individual, and a significant variation among IGs in both male and female populations. The interaction of sides and individual p-value showed high fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for all IGs regardless of gender. This may be attributed to the intermarriage practices between individuals of same IG which are still applicable to some groups nowadays. In conclusion, each IG possesses distinct face shape but individuals belonging to each group have high degree of variation.
{"title":"Face Shape Differences in Selected Indigenous Peoples’ Groups in Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"C. Demayo, M. Torres, Paul R. Olvis, Nadia O. Manlegro","doi":"10.5580/21e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/21e","url":null,"abstract":"The face shape of individuals belonging to seven different indigenous groups (IG) from Mindanao was studied using geometric morphometric analysis. A total of 496 images of the face (217 males and 279 females) were obtained from the Bagobo, Bilaan, Higaunon, Kalagan, Maranao, Subanen and Talaandig groups. Forty three manually defined landmarks done in triplicates generated relative warp scores which were subjected to different statistical tools in order to compare face shapes and to examine relatedness between IGs. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis showed significant variation between IGs however, patterns of clustering were different in male and female populations. Procrustes ANOVA showed that sides, individual, and interaction in all IGs of both populations had P-values of <0.000, which is indicative of the presence of asymmetry, distinctness of the face shape each individual, and a significant variation among IGs in both male and female populations. The interaction of sides and individual p-value showed high fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for all IGs regardless of gender. This may be attributed to the intermarriage practices between individuals of same IG which are still applicable to some groups nowadays. In conclusion, each IG possesses distinct face shape but individuals belonging to each group have high degree of variation.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83666032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Demayo, M. Torres, A. Sinco, Marites L. Bonachita-Sanguila
Twin pairs represent a unique window into the role of heredity in the determination of any human trait. A primary characteristic by which humans present themselves to the external world is via the anatomy of their facial shape. Thus, facial images are becoming increasingly significant in biometrics and anthropological research. In this study, the method of geometric morphometrics such as superimposition and Procrustes fitting were used to generate facial shape variables in the form of relative warps of landmarks derived from perceived identical twins. Sixty pairs of twins participated in the study. A digital camera was used to photograph the subjects in neutral mode facing front. The shapes of the face were then summarized using a total of 39 landmark points from the face. Heritability was measured as concordance in the shapes of the face of each member of pair of twin. Specifically, correlation between the relative warp scores of the pairs of twins was used to test for heritability. Results showed that facial shapes of the twins had a moderate to highly positive correlation indicating that the landmark points established on one twin can also be observed in the other twin. Furthermore, the probability values of each correlation coefficient revealed that there is a significant linear relationship of the landmarks between twin 1 and twin 2 indicating a high degree of heritability of facial shapes. The results of the study underscore the utility of geometric morphometrics in the study of inheritance and variability of traits in organisms.
{"title":"Geometric Morphometric Analyses of Facial Shape in Twins","authors":"C. Demayo, M. Torres, A. Sinco, Marites L. Bonachita-Sanguila","doi":"10.5580/87a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/87a","url":null,"abstract":"Twin pairs represent a unique window into the role of heredity in the determination of any human trait. A primary characteristic by which humans present themselves to the external world is via the anatomy of their facial shape. Thus, facial images are becoming increasingly significant in biometrics and anthropological research. In this study, the method of geometric morphometrics such as superimposition and Procrustes fitting were used to generate facial shape variables in the form of relative warps of landmarks derived from perceived identical twins. Sixty pairs of twins participated in the study. A digital camera was used to photograph the subjects in neutral mode facing front. The shapes of the face were then summarized using a total of 39 landmark points from the face. Heritability was measured as concordance in the shapes of the face of each member of pair of twin. Specifically, correlation between the relative warp scores of the pairs of twins was used to test for heritability. Results showed that facial shapes of the twins had a moderate to highly positive correlation indicating that the landmark points established on one twin can also be observed in the other twin. Furthermore, the probability values of each correlation coefficient revealed that there is a significant linear relationship of the landmarks between twin 1 and twin 2 indicating a high degree of heritability of facial shapes. The results of the study underscore the utility of geometric morphometrics in the study of inheritance and variability of traits in organisms.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been increasing scholarly interest in the role of grandmothers in human evolution and cross-culturally. An unaddressed question is the proximate mechanisms associated with human grandmaternal care. Here, we report on results of a naturalistic study conducted in greater Kingston, Jamaica designed to test for betweenand within-subject effects of grandmaternal care on women’s cortisol, oxytocin, vasopressin, and prolactin levels. We recruited 25 women who lived with and provided care for a biological grandchild aged five or younger (grandmothers) in addition to 20 women of similar ages, socioeconomic status, and health status who did not similarly provide such care (controls). Women were aged 50-67 and postmenopausal. Interviews and biological sample collection took place either in women’s homes or a nearby church. While control women participated on a single day, grandmothers participated on two days: one day when they had been caring for their youngest grandchild the previous four hours, and another day when not providing such care the previous four hours. Hormonal data revealed that grandmothers had significantly higher vasopressin levels than control women, but did not exhibit differences in cortisol, oxytocin, and prolactin compared with control women. Results also revealed no significant differences in hormone levels on days grandmothers provided vs. did not provide care the previous four hours. Findings from this first study investigating hormones associated with grandmaternal care can be situated in light of the comparative physiology of affiliative behavior and methodological considerations.
{"title":"Investigating potential hormonal associations of grandmaternal care in Jamaica","authors":"P. Gray, M. Samms-Vaughan","doi":"10.5580/104c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/104c","url":null,"abstract":"There has been increasing scholarly interest in the role of grandmothers in human evolution and cross-culturally. An unaddressed question is the proximate mechanisms associated with human grandmaternal care. Here, we report on results of a naturalistic study conducted in greater Kingston, Jamaica designed to test for betweenand within-subject effects of grandmaternal care on women’s cortisol, oxytocin, vasopressin, and prolactin levels. We recruited 25 women who lived with and provided care for a biological grandchild aged five or younger (grandmothers) in addition to 20 women of similar ages, socioeconomic status, and health status who did not similarly provide such care (controls). Women were aged 50-67 and postmenopausal. Interviews and biological sample collection took place either in women’s homes or a nearby church. While control women participated on a single day, grandmothers participated on two days: one day when they had been caring for their youngest grandchild the previous four hours, and another day when not providing such care the previous four hours. Hormonal data revealed that grandmothers had significantly higher vasopressin levels than control women, but did not exhibit differences in cortisol, oxytocin, and prolactin compared with control women. Results also revealed no significant differences in hormone levels on days grandmothers provided vs. did not provide care the previous four hours. Findings from this first study investigating hormones associated with grandmaternal care can be situated in light of the comparative physiology of affiliative behavior and methodological considerations.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81276189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mental Retardation (MR) is a life long human disability characterized by impairment of cognitive and adaptive skills. The degree of impairment is divided into mild (IQ 50-70), moderate (IQ 35-50), severe (IQ 20-35) and & IQ 65 angle variation was observed. Patients who had delayed development, tri radius’t’ was shifted distally and atd angle was increased. Unusual dermatoglyphics in patients with various defects in chromosomes as well as other disorders have been reported in earlier studies. Appropriate evaluation of the various dermatoglyphic features in mentally retarded patients shall lead to acceptance as a diagnostic tool and serving in the study of human developmental biology.
精神发育迟滞(MR)是一种以认知和适应能力受损为特征的终身人类残疾。损伤程度分为轻度(IQ 50-70)、中度(IQ 35-50)、重度(IQ 20-35)和& IQ 65角度变化。对于发育迟缓的患者，三桡骨向远端移位，夹角增大。在早期的研究中，不同染色体缺陷以及其他疾病患者的异常皮肤纹已被报道。对智障患者的各种皮肤印记特征进行适当的评估，将导致作为诊断工具的接受，并为人类发育生物学的研究服务。
{"title":"Axial triradius as a preliminary diagnostic tool in patients of mental retardation","authors":"M. Vashist, R. Yadav, Neelkamal, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.5580/5f8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/5f8","url":null,"abstract":"Mental Retardation (MR) is a life long human disability characterized by impairment of cognitive and adaptive skills. The degree of impairment is divided into mild (IQ 50-70), moderate (IQ 35-50), severe (IQ 20-35) and & IQ 65 angle variation was observed. Patients who had delayed development, tri radius’t’ was shifted distally and atd angle was increased. Unusual dermatoglyphics in patients with various defects in chromosomes as well as other disorders have been reported in earlier studies. Appropriate evaluation of the various dermatoglyphic features in mentally retarded patients shall lead to acceptance as a diagnostic tool and serving in the study of human developmental biology.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89715257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since Body shape is generally influenced by a complex array of factors ranging from genes to environment; sequential growth patterns have been expressed by particular peoples. This study therefore aims at estimating and understanding the racial features of the south eastern Nigerians with respect to body shape and to evaluate how Height (HT), Sitting Height (SH), Subischial Leg Length (SLL), interrelate with Cormic Index (CI). The cross-sectional study includes 1200 southeastern Nigerian adults: 600 males and 600 females aged 18-48 years. The mean CI was found to be: 48.6% in males and 47.9% in females. Cormic index displayed significant positive correlation with SLL (r=0.631), SH(r=0.608) in males and SLL (r=0.178), SH (r=0.812) in females; and a weak correlation with HT (r=0.42) and (0.367) in males and females respectively. However, Agewise correlation was non existent as growth had ceased in adults; who now express racial and genetic differences in body shape. In adult males and females, a direct positive correlation exists between CI and sitting height, while SLL shows an inverse correlation.
{"title":"A Study Of The Cormic Index In A Southeastern Nigerian Population","authors":"M. Ukwuma","doi":"10.5580/2971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2971","url":null,"abstract":"Since Body shape is generally influenced by a complex array of factors ranging from genes to environment; sequential growth patterns have been expressed by particular peoples. This study therefore aims at estimating and understanding the racial features of the south eastern Nigerians with respect to body shape and to evaluate how Height (HT), Sitting Height (SH), Subischial Leg Length (SLL), interrelate with Cormic Index (CI). The cross-sectional study includes 1200 southeastern Nigerian adults: 600 males and 600 females aged 18-48 years. The mean CI was found to be: 48.6% in males and 47.9% in females. Cormic index displayed significant positive correlation with SLL (r=0.631), SH(r=0.608) in males and SLL (r=0.178), SH (r=0.812) in females; and a weak correlation with HT (r=0.42) and (0.367) in males and females respectively. However, Agewise correlation was non existent as growth had ceased in adults; who now express racial and genetic differences in body shape. In adult males and females, a direct positive correlation exists between CI and sitting height, while SLL shows an inverse correlation.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80903635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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