This study was carried out to determine and compare the nasal parameters of male and female Yorubas for any existing differences or similarities. The study was carried out using a sample size of five hundred (500) male and five hundred (500) female Yoruba subjects. They were randomly selected from Shaki polytechnic in Oyo State. The ages of subjects ranged from 18 – 45years. Nasal widths and Nasal lheights were obtained with the aid of a sliding caliper, and nasal indices were calculated as: Nasal width/Nasal height x 100. The results were analyzed using discrete statistics while z-test was used for test of significance. Males had mean nasal width, height and index of 3.83cm,4.26cm and 90.02 respectively while those of females were 3.73cm, 4.47cm and 83.58 respectively .The mean nasal index of male Yorubas was significantly higher than that of female Yorubas (p<.05). The results of this study have shown that the mean nasal index of the Yorubas still falls within the nose type called platyrrhines(385.0). This data will be of importance in forensic science, clinical practice (plastic surgery) and anthropological studies. The data is therefore recommended to forensic experts, surgeons and anthropologists.
{"title":"The Study Of Nasal Parameters (Nasal Height, Nasal Width, Nasal Index) Amonst The Yorubas Of Nigeria","authors":"G. Oladipo, H. Fawehinmi, Y. Suleiman","doi":"10.5580/10c0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/10c0","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine and compare the nasal parameters of male and female Yorubas for any existing differences or similarities. The study was carried out using a sample size of five hundred (500) male and five hundred (500) female Yoruba subjects. They were randomly selected from Shaki polytechnic in Oyo State. The ages of subjects ranged from 18 – 45years. Nasal widths and Nasal lheights were obtained with the aid of a sliding caliper, and nasal indices were calculated as: Nasal width/Nasal height x 100. The results were analyzed using discrete statistics while z-test was used for test of significance. Males had mean nasal width, height and index of 3.83cm,4.26cm and 90.02 respectively while those of females were 3.73cm, 4.47cm and 83.58 respectively .The mean nasal index of male Yorubas was significantly higher than that of female Yorubas (p<.05). The results of this study have shown that the mean nasal index of the Yorubas still falls within the nose type called platyrrhines(385.0). This data will be of importance in forensic science, clinical practice (plastic surgery) and anthropological studies. The data is therefore recommended to forensic experts, surgeons and anthropologists.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"738 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74775940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Cawich, M. Gardner, Ramnanand Shetty, H. Harding
Autopsy studies in predominantly Caucasian populations have suggested that elongated styloid processes occur bilaterally in 75% of cases without a sex prediliction. This is the first anthropometric study of elongated styloid processes in a Caribbean population. A retrospective observational study of all cadaver dissections at the University of the West Indies was performed over three years from January 2006 to January 2009. All dried skulls with styloid process lengths >30mm were studied in detail. Styloid process length and diameter were measured using a standardized caliper technique. There were 5 skulls with elongated styloid processes at a mean length of 4.58cm on the left side (SD +/-1.32; Range 3.2-6.3; Median 4.4; Mode -) and 3.58cm (SD +/-0.33; Range 3.2-4.0; Median 3.55; Mode -) on the right. The skulls were predominantly male (4:1 ratio) at a mean estimated specimen age of 60.4 years (SD +/-6.19; Range 50-65; Median 62; Mode 65). There were features of true elongation (uniformly contoured styloid processes with smooth, thick cortices and a rounded tip) in 4 male skulls while the sole female specimen had features suggestive of secondary ossification of the stylohyoid ligament (irregular surface with thickened segments extending toward the lesser horn of the hyoid bone with marked medial angulation). There may be an association between male sex, AfroCaribbean descent and a genetic predisposition to true SP elongation. Continued evaluation of a larger study cohort is required before a definitive association can be ascertained.
{"title":"A Post Mortem Study of Elongated Styloid Processes in a Jamaican Population","authors":"S. Cawich, M. Gardner, Ramnanand Shetty, H. Harding","doi":"10.5580/465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/465","url":null,"abstract":"Autopsy studies in predominantly Caucasian populations have suggested that elongated styloid processes occur bilaterally in 75% of cases without a sex prediliction. This is the first anthropometric study of elongated styloid processes in a Caribbean population. A retrospective observational study of all cadaver dissections at the University of the West Indies was performed over three years from January 2006 to January 2009. All dried skulls with styloid process lengths >30mm were studied in detail. Styloid process length and diameter were measured using a standardized caliper technique. There were 5 skulls with elongated styloid processes at a mean length of 4.58cm on the left side (SD +/-1.32; Range 3.2-6.3; Median 4.4; Mode -) and 3.58cm (SD +/-0.33; Range 3.2-4.0; Median 3.55; Mode -) on the right. The skulls were predominantly male (4:1 ratio) at a mean estimated specimen age of 60.4 years (SD +/-6.19; Range 50-65; Median 62; Mode 65). There were features of true elongation (uniformly contoured styloid processes with smooth, thick cortices and a rounded tip) in 4 male skulls while the sole female specimen had features suggestive of secondary ossification of the stylohyoid ligament (irregular surface with thickened segments extending toward the lesser horn of the hyoid bone with marked medial angulation). There may be an association between male sex, AfroCaribbean descent and a genetic predisposition to true SP elongation. Continued evaluation of a larger study cohort is required before a definitive association can be ascertained.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77928442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses for interrelated aspects of prehistoric and proto-historic cultures from the Chotanagpur region of India. It begins by looking at the ethno-archaeological data from the region. Then, it goes on to discuss the various kinds of rock art sites in the entire region. Third, it looks at the iron sites in the region. Finally, it looks at the phenomenon often described as Asura sites or Asura cultures in the region. All these elements would be studied to glean important facts regarding the prehistoric sites in the region and to attempt to find ways to understand their cultures. It is hoped that this paper would generate many studies that expand the scope of this paper to incorporate more data and many more ideas for a further and better understanding of these early cultures.
{"title":"Prehistory Of The Chotanagpur Region Part 4: Ethnoarchaeology, Rock Art, Iron And The Asuras","authors":"A. Ghosh","doi":"10.5580/83b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/83b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses for interrelated aspects of prehistoric and proto-historic cultures from the Chotanagpur region of India. It begins by looking at the ethno-archaeological data from the region. Then, it goes on to discuss the various kinds of rock art sites in the entire region. Third, it looks at the iron sites in the region. Finally, it looks at the phenomenon often described as Asura sites or Asura cultures in the region. All these elements would be studied to glean important facts regarding the prehistoric sites in the region and to attempt to find ways to understand their cultures. It is hoped that this paper would generate many studies that expand the scope of this paper to incorporate more data and many more ideas for a further and better understanding of these early cultures.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75703867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circumference interorbital index (C.I.I) is an important parameter in craniofacial anthropometry. The knowledge of its normal values for a particular region can be used in the treatment of certain craniofacial abnormalities. Thus the study was conducted to document and compare its values for possible ethnic differences between the two Nigerian ethnic groups (Ijaws and Igbos). A total of 1279adult Ijaws and Igbos were randomly selected for the study. These comprised 740 Ijaws and 539 Igbos. Four hundred and eight (408) of the Ijaws were males while 332 were females .Three hundred and thirty one(331) of the Igbos were males while 208 were females .The Igbos were selected from Enugu in Enugu State while Ijaws were selected from Yenagoa in Bayelsa State. The inner canthal distances (ICD) and head circumferences (HC) of the subjects were measured using standard anthropometric methods and circumference interorbital index calculated as ICD/H.C x 100. The result obtained showed that Ijaw females had a C.I.I of 8.10, Ijaw males 7.80, Igbo females 6.50, and Igbo males 6.20. Thus, Ijaw females (8.10) had the highest C.I.I while Igbo males (6.20) had the lowest. Significant differences (p<.05) were observed between the two ethnic groups. Also circumference interorbital index was found to be sexually dimorphic. The result of this study will be of importance in anthropology, genetics, forensic medicine and craniofacial surgery.
围眶间指数(cii)是颅面人体测量的重要参数。对某一特定区域的正常值的了解可用于治疗某些颅面异常。因此，进行这项研究是为了记录和比较尼日利亚两个民族(伊贾布斯和伊博斯)之间可能存在的种族差异的价值。研究人员随机选取了1279名成年伊颌人和伊博人。其中包括740名伊贾巴人和539名伊博人。伊博族人中有448只(408只)是雄性，332只是雌性。伊博族人中有331只(331只)是雄性，208只是雌性。伊博族人来自埃努古州的埃努古，而伊博族人来自巴耶尔萨州的叶纳戈阿。采用标准人体测量方法测量受试者的内眦距离(ICD)和头围(HC)，围度眶间指数计算为ICD/H.C x 100。结果表明，伊乔族雌虫的指数为8.10，伊乔族雄虫为7.80，伊博族雌虫为6.50，伊博族雄虫为6.20。因此，伊博族女性的ci最高(8.10)，而伊博族男性的ci最低(6.20)。两民族间差异有统计学意义(p< 0.05)。此外，周长眶间指数被发现是两性二态的。研究结果在人类学、遗传学、法医学、颅面外科等领域具有重要意义。
{"title":"The Circumference Interorbital Index Of Ijaw And Igbo Ethnic Groups In Nigeria","authors":"G. Oladipo, A.A.Henry Ugboma, M. Oyakhire","doi":"10.5580/14ee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/14ee","url":null,"abstract":"Circumference interorbital index (C.I.I) is an important parameter in craniofacial anthropometry. The knowledge of its normal values for a particular region can be used in the treatment of certain craniofacial abnormalities. Thus the study was conducted to document and compare its values for possible ethnic differences between the two Nigerian ethnic groups (Ijaws and Igbos). A total of 1279adult Ijaws and Igbos were randomly selected for the study. These comprised 740 Ijaws and 539 Igbos. Four hundred and eight (408) of the Ijaws were males while 332 were females .Three hundred and thirty one(331) of the Igbos were males while 208 were females .The Igbos were selected from Enugu in Enugu State while Ijaws were selected from Yenagoa in Bayelsa State. The inner canthal distances (ICD) and head circumferences (HC) of the subjects were measured using standard anthropometric methods and circumference interorbital index calculated as ICD/H.C x 100. The result obtained showed that Ijaw females had a C.I.I of 8.10, Ijaw males 7.80, Igbo females 6.50, and Igbo males 6.20. Thus, Ijaw females (8.10) had the highest C.I.I while Igbo males (6.20) had the lowest. Significant differences (p<.05) were observed between the two ethnic groups. Also circumference interorbital index was found to be sexually dimorphic. The result of this study will be of importance in anthropology, genetics, forensic medicine and craniofacial surgery.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84478256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study an attempt has been made to assess anthropometric somatotype and study the effect of emotional deprivation on age variations in somatotype of institutionalized and controlled adolescents of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. Crosssectional data on 504 emotionally deprived and 570 controls (including both sexes) aged 11 to 17 years were collected for various measurements. The institutionalized males followed a trend from being balanced mesomorphs to being balanced ectomorphs during the adolescent years. While the control group ones were mesomorphic ectomorphs during the initial years and became balanced ectomorphs during the later years. The emotionally deprived females followed a trend of being mesomorphic ectomorphs, then balanced ectomorphs and finally endomorphic ectomorphs with the advancing years. On the other hand, the control females initially exhibited equal component ratio, then endomorphic ectomorphy, and finally balanced endomorphy.
{"title":"Somatotypic Variations With Age in Institutionalized and Control Adolescents","authors":"G. Kaur, S. Singh","doi":"10.5580/774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/774","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study an attempt has been made to assess anthropometric somatotype and study the effect of emotional deprivation on age variations in somatotype of institutionalized and controlled adolescents of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. Crosssectional data on 504 emotionally deprived and 570 controls (including both sexes) aged 11 to 17 years were collected for various measurements. The institutionalized males followed a trend from being balanced mesomorphs to being balanced ectomorphs during the adolescent years. While the control group ones were mesomorphic ectomorphs during the initial years and became balanced ectomorphs during the later years. The emotionally deprived females followed a trend of being mesomorphic ectomorphs, then balanced ectomorphs and finally endomorphic ectomorphs with the advancing years. On the other hand, the control females initially exhibited equal component ratio, then endomorphic ectomorphy, and finally balanced endomorphy.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83223748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study employs statistical methods to identify the factors associated with nutritional status among children aged 24-59 months in rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey data 2004 (N=652) were used for this study. Child’s nutritional status was defined in terms of Body Mass Index (BMIwt in kg/ht in m2). Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed in analyzing the data. It was observed that that girl children’s were more under weighted than the boys. This study elucidates that although maximum numbers of children (both boys and girls) aged 24-59 months have healthy weight a large portion of them were under weighted .Bivariate analysis shows that mothers who gave last birth in their middle age group (20-30 years) have more healthy boys (61.7%) and girls (56.1%) children as compared the mothers who gave their first birth during adolescence (<20 years) and women with higher age group (≥30 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that women who worked for cash were two-and-a-half times more probability of having healthy weighted child than among the mothers who did not work for cash. It was also found that proportion of under weighted children was significantly greater among those who had not taken vitamin A supplementation. The other main contributing factors likely to affect nutritional status of children aged 24-59 months were respondent’s education, husband’s education and occupation, household assets index and mothers’ age at last birth,
{"title":"Nutritional status among children aged 24-59 months in rural Bangladesh: An assessment measured by BMI index","authors":"Mosiur Rahman, G. Mostofa, Sarker Obaida Nasrin","doi":"10.5580/aea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/aea","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs statistical methods to identify the factors associated with nutritional status among children aged 24-59 months in rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey data 2004 (N=652) were used for this study. Child’s nutritional status was defined in terms of Body Mass Index (BMIwt in kg/ht in m2). Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed in analyzing the data. It was observed that that girl children’s were more under weighted than the boys. This study elucidates that although maximum numbers of children (both boys and girls) aged 24-59 months have healthy weight a large portion of them were under weighted .Bivariate analysis shows that mothers who gave last birth in their middle age group (20-30 years) have more healthy boys (61.7%) and girls (56.1%) children as compared the mothers who gave their first birth during adolescence (<20 years) and women with higher age group (≥30 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that women who worked for cash were two-and-a-half times more probability of having healthy weighted child than among the mothers who did not work for cash. It was also found that proportion of under weighted children was significantly greater among those who had not taken vitamin A supplementation. The other main contributing factors likely to affect nutritional status of children aged 24-59 months were respondent’s education, husband’s education and occupation, household assets index and mothers’ age at last birth,","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77990436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed the health status of young adult Nigerians resident in Calabar Metropolis in Cross River State of Nigeria. A total of one thousand (1,000) subjects made up of five hundred (500) males and females each were subjected to measurement of height and weight with their consent. Their mean ages were 25.34±0.10 and 23.31±0.12 for males and females respectively and their body mass indices (BMI) were calculated. The males had significantly (p<.001) higher height and weight (170.83±0.24, 68.01±0.24 respectively) with BMI of 23.33±0.08kg/m2 compared to the females (162.44±0.26, 60.5±0.34 respectively) and BMI of 22.96±0.13kg/m2. The BMI were within the World Health Organization's standard for normal health. Thus in conclusion, young adult Nigerians resident in Calabar Metropolis are healthy.
{"title":"Body mass index measure of young adult Nigerians residents in the Calabar Metropolis.","authors":"A. Igiri, Moses B. Ekong, C. Oğan, P. Odey","doi":"10.5580/2688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2688","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the health status of young adult Nigerians resident in Calabar Metropolis in Cross River State of Nigeria. A total of one thousand (1,000) subjects made up of five hundred (500) males and females each were subjected to measurement of height and weight with their consent. Their mean ages were 25.34±0.10 and 23.31±0.12 for males and females respectively and their body mass indices (BMI) were calculated. The males had significantly (p<.001) higher height and weight (170.83±0.24, 68.01±0.24 respectively) with BMI of 23.33±0.08kg/m2 compared to the females (162.44±0.26, 60.5±0.34 respectively) and BMI of 22.96±0.13kg/m2. The BMI were within the World Health Organization's standard for normal health. Thus in conclusion, young adult Nigerians resident in Calabar Metropolis are healthy.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75805101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Considering the economic and industrial development of India, the secular trend in age at menarche, observed in European, North American and other countries is likely to exist in Indian girls.Aim : Present study attempts to find the mean age at menarche in girls of Pune city (Maharashtra), study its secular trend and the association of age at menarche with socioeconomic status, diet and exercise.Subjects and methods : Age of menarche of 742 Maharashtrian girls (age 9 to 16 years) was studied.Results and conclusion : Mean menarcheal age was 12.62 +/-1.05 years. The secular trend in the age at menarche was well demonstrated in Maharashtrian urban girls. The mean age of menarche observed in our study possibly indicate the stabilization of the secular trend. The age at menarche is strongly associated with socioeconomic status, but not with type of diet and day-to-day physical activity.Knowledge of the age at menarche will help the government to design and implement programmes about reproductive health of women, to set laws about age at marriage, family planning, abortion etc and to decide the appropriate age at which the topics like the sex education, contraception and sanitary practices can be incorporated in schools.
{"title":"A Study Of Age At Menarche, The Secular Trend And Factors Associated With It","authors":"S. A. Rokade, A. Mane","doi":"10.5580/115b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/115b","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the economic and industrial development of India, the secular trend in age at menarche, observed in European, North American and other countries is likely to exist in Indian girls.Aim : Present study attempts to find the mean age at menarche in girls of Pune city (Maharashtra), study its secular trend and the association of age at menarche with socioeconomic status, diet and exercise.Subjects and methods : Age of menarche of 742 Maharashtrian girls (age 9 to 16 years) was studied.Results and conclusion : Mean menarcheal age was 12.62 +/-1.05 years. The secular trend in the age at menarche was well demonstrated in Maharashtrian urban girls. The mean age of menarche observed in our study possibly indicate the stabilization of the secular trend. The age at menarche is strongly associated with socioeconomic status, but not with type of diet and day-to-day physical activity.Knowledge of the age at menarche will help the government to design and implement programmes about reproductive health of women, to set laws about age at marriage, family planning, abortion etc and to decide the appropriate age at which the topics like the sex education, contraception and sanitary practices can be incorporated in schools.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75098024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological anthropologists are geared towards explaining evolution, genetics, adaptation and diversity among human populations. Many of them are working in tandem with social/cultural anthropologists in order to link up their idea of biologically unique populations with cultural data that overlay the underlying reasons. However, others are still under the assumption that in such a globalized world, there was no point in working on small limited populations/communities when there was such a lot of linkage between groups and communities of individuals. Some biological anthropologists are now attempting to rework the idea of ethnicity which has been so far used as a sociological/socio-cultural/anthropological concept into a more biologically rewarding definition (Billinger 1 ). Of course, once these people get into the editorial boards of anthropology journals they create havoc. They ignore the fact that the world is often made up of small communities who often have differential mating patterns that create small pools of genes. Anthropologists have called them Mendelian populations. However, many anthropologists forget that this is an essential prerequisite for getting large-scale overviews of human beings. A Mendelian population is an essential prerequisite for understanding realities, whether about proteins, DNA variations, growth rates or even about hair and tooth characteristics (for instance, see Billinger 2 ). Without such an underlying approach the whole idea of finding anthropological correlations turn out to be a farce. Many of the journals in anthropology are churning out articles regarding growth and development, dermatoglyphics, and what have you, without ensuring that this data has been collected from an entity such as a Mendelian population. Without this underlying unity, the data may vary as much as possible, and then, if we are comparing this data with any other population, when the group collected from never was an entity then what are we really comparing? This has become a new problem for Biological and forensic Anthropologists. If the communities we are studying are porous and have too many inter-marriages with other communities, then they are no longer Mendelian populations. How do we study them? Are they now a ‘fuzzy group’ which we may hope to make sense of with perhaps better mathematical models? It’s somewhat like trying to make sense of a metropolitan area where all varying populations have come in, often without merging, who were still inter-marrying within themselves. Can one pool such data to say something about the metropolitan area? We believe not... We state here that many such studies ignore the basic assumptions that make such studies useful. Going without the criterion of keeping some variables stable while others are ‘manipulated’ to make sense of the reality follows the best traditions of a scientific methodology that has yet to become outdated. It is thus, in the interest of the best traditions of science, that w
{"title":"Losing the community Trees in the Global Wood: The academic marginalization of local data in Biological Anthropology","authors":"A. Ghosh, K. Krishan","doi":"10.5580/1be6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1be6","url":null,"abstract":"Biological anthropologists are geared towards explaining evolution, genetics, adaptation and diversity among human populations. Many of them are working in tandem with social/cultural anthropologists in order to link up their idea of biologically unique populations with cultural data that overlay the underlying reasons. However, others are still under the assumption that in such a globalized world, there was no point in working on small limited populations/communities when there was such a lot of linkage between groups and communities of individuals. Some biological anthropologists are now attempting to rework the idea of ethnicity which has been so far used as a sociological/socio-cultural/anthropological concept into a more biologically rewarding definition (Billinger 1 ). Of course, once these people get into the editorial boards of anthropology journals they create havoc. They ignore the fact that the world is often made up of small communities who often have differential mating patterns that create small pools of genes. Anthropologists have called them Mendelian populations. However, many anthropologists forget that this is an essential prerequisite for getting large-scale overviews of human beings. A Mendelian population is an essential prerequisite for understanding realities, whether about proteins, DNA variations, growth rates or even about hair and tooth characteristics (for instance, see Billinger 2 ). Without such an underlying approach the whole idea of finding anthropological correlations turn out to be a farce. Many of the journals in anthropology are churning out articles regarding growth and development, dermatoglyphics, and what have you, without ensuring that this data has been collected from an entity such as a Mendelian population. Without this underlying unity, the data may vary as much as possible, and then, if we are comparing this data with any other population, when the group collected from never was an entity then what are we really comparing? This has become a new problem for Biological and forensic Anthropologists. If the communities we are studying are porous and have too many inter-marriages with other communities, then they are no longer Mendelian populations. How do we study them? Are they now a ‘fuzzy group’ which we may hope to make sense of with perhaps better mathematical models? It’s somewhat like trying to make sense of a metropolitan area where all varying populations have come in, often without merging, who were still inter-marrying within themselves. Can one pool such data to say something about the metropolitan area? We believe not... We state here that many such studies ignore the basic assumptions that make such studies useful. Going without the criterion of keeping some variables stable while others are ‘manipulated’ to make sense of the reality follows the best traditions of a scientific methodology that has yet to become outdated. It is thus, in the interest of the best traditions of science, that w","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74643797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preschool children are in the developmental stage (functional) of life any impairment in their growth can reduce physical, mental and intellectual potential. This study assesses the prevalence of undernutrition among 2-6 year old pre-school children of Bauri caste of Nituria Block, Purulia, West Bengal, India. The cross sectional study was conducted in five different villages of Nituria Block of Purulia district. A total of 219 pre-school children aged 2-6 years were randomly selected and measured from each village. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight were made following standard techniques. The body mass index (BMI) was computed following standard techniques and equation, respectively. The new international classification cut-off points provided by scientists were utilized to identify undernutrition. The overall (age-combined) mean BMI among boys and girls were 14.22 kg/m (sd = 1.5) and 13.67 kg/m (sd = 1.3), respectively. Mean BMI decreased from 2 to 5 years in boys. Mean BMI increased from 2 to 4 years and then decreased in 5 & 6 years in girls. The overall (age-combined) prevalence of thinness among boys and girls was 61.5% and 70.8%, respectively. The root of nutritional bias in terms of food intake starts at early stages of life, perhaps from early childhood. The present study clearly indicated that the nutritional situation of these children was serious.
{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of Bauri pre-school children of Nituria Block, Purulia, West Bengal.","authors":"Subal Das, K. Bose","doi":"10.5580/a36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/a36","url":null,"abstract":"Preschool children are in the developmental stage (functional) of life any impairment in their growth can reduce physical, mental and intellectual potential. This study assesses the prevalence of undernutrition among 2-6 year old pre-school children of Bauri caste of Nituria Block, Purulia, West Bengal, India. The cross sectional study was conducted in five different villages of Nituria Block of Purulia district. A total of 219 pre-school children aged 2-6 years were randomly selected and measured from each village. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight were made following standard techniques. The body mass index (BMI) was computed following standard techniques and equation, respectively. The new international classification cut-off points provided by scientists were utilized to identify undernutrition. The overall (age-combined) mean BMI among boys and girls were 14.22 kg/m (sd = 1.5) and 13.67 kg/m (sd = 1.3), respectively. Mean BMI decreased from 2 to 5 years in boys. Mean BMI increased from 2 to 4 years and then decreased in 5 & 6 years in girls. The overall (age-combined) prevalence of thinness among boys and girls was 61.5% and 70.8%, respectively. The root of nutritional bias in terms of food intake starts at early stages of life, perhaps from early childhood. The present study clearly indicated that the nutritional situation of these children was serious.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74728681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：