Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1397
Zainab T Younis, S. H. Mutlag
Asthma is a chronic and complex condition of the respiratory tract, that occurs in both children and adults. Currently available medications have side effects; therefore, new therapies with fewer side effects are needed. Thus, present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti-asthmatic effects of alcoholic extract of Ammi majus on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Forty-eight female Albino mice were randomly assigned to one of six groups with 8 animals each. Group I received distilled water as a negative control, Group II received ovalbumin as a positive control, Groups III and IV received Ammi majus orally at 64 and 128 mg/kg/day, respectively, with sensitization, and Groups V and VI received Ammi majus orally at 64 and 128 mg/kg/day, respectively, without sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained 24 h after the 1st challenge to measure the number of inflammatory cell counts. In addition, lung tissue was removed for histopathological examination. Oral administration of alcoholic extract of Ammi majus at both doses (64 and 128 mg/kg) significantly inhibited ovalbumin-induced increases in total and differential cell counts of eosinophile, neutrophile, monocyte, and lymphocyte) in BALF, in addition, improve histopathologic events of asthma in lung tissue of ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. These results demonstrated that Ammi majus alcoholic extract has a potent anti-asthmatic activity that improved ovalbumin-induced asthma.
{"title":"Possible Anti-asthmatic Effect of Iraqi Ammi majus Seeds Extract Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice","authors":"Zainab T Younis, S. H. Mutlag","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1397","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Asthma is a chronic and complex condition of the respiratory tract, that occurs in both children and adults. Currently available medications have side effects; therefore, new therapies with fewer side effects are needed. Thus, present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti-asthmatic effects of alcoholic extract of Ammi majus on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Forty-eight female Albino mice were randomly assigned to one of six groups with 8 animals each. Group I received distilled water as a negative control, Group II received ovalbumin as a positive control, Groups III and IV received Ammi majus orally at 64 and 128 mg/kg/day, respectively, with sensitization, and Groups V and VI received Ammi majus orally at 64 and 128 mg/kg/day, respectively, without sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained 24 h after the 1st challenge to measure the number of inflammatory cell counts. In addition, lung tissue was removed for histopathological examination. Oral administration of alcoholic extract of Ammi majus at both doses (64 and 128 mg/kg) significantly inhibited ovalbumin-induced increases in total and differential cell counts of eosinophile, neutrophile, monocyte, and lymphocyte) in BALF, in addition, improve histopathologic events of asthma in lung tissue of ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. These results demonstrated that Ammi majus alcoholic extract has a potent anti-asthmatic activity that improved ovalbumin-induced asthma. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42692782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1412
Hadeel A Hameed, A. Hassan
Paracetamol poisoning, whether intentionally or accidentally, is one of the main public health problems since the prevalence of its toxicity increased significantly in many countries. Currently, paracetamol is one of the primary causes of acute liver failure worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prophylactic effect of omega-7 fatty acid in protecting male rats' livers from paracetamol-induced liver damage. Thirty albino male rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups and then treated as follows: Group 1 (negative control) rats were orally given liquid paraffin for seven consecutive days. Group 2 (positive control) rats were orally given liquid paraffin for seven consecutive days and a single injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day eight of the experiment. Group 3 rats were orally given omega-7 (300 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days. Group 4 rats were orally given a single dose of omega-7 (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day eight of the experiment. Group 5 rats were orally given a single dose of omega-7 (300 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day eight of the experiment. After 24 h of the endpoint of treatment (on day 9), blood samples were collected, and serum was prepared for the evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study found that rats given paracetamol had a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10, whereas rats previously given oral administration of omega-7 fatty acid before injection of paracetamol resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) of these cytokines. Oral omega-7 fatty acid supplementation may help to prevent liver damage caused by paracetamol.
{"title":"The Prophylactic Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Omega-7 Against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats","authors":"Hadeel A Hameed, A. Hassan","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1412","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Paracetamol poisoning, whether intentionally or accidentally, is one of the main public health problems since the prevalence of its toxicity increased significantly in many countries. Currently, paracetamol is one of the primary causes of acute liver failure worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prophylactic effect of omega-7 fatty acid in protecting male rats' livers from paracetamol-induced liver damage. Thirty albino male rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups and then treated as follows: Group 1 (negative control) rats were orally given liquid paraffin for seven consecutive days. Group 2 (positive control) rats were orally given liquid paraffin for seven consecutive days and a single injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day eight of the experiment. Group 3 rats were orally given omega-7 (300 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days. Group 4 rats were orally given a single dose of omega-7 (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day eight of the experiment. Group 5 rats were orally given a single dose of omega-7 (300 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single injection of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day eight of the experiment. After 24 h of the endpoint of treatment (on day 9), blood samples were collected, and serum was prepared for the evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study found that rats given paracetamol had a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10, whereas rats previously given oral administration of omega-7 fatty acid before injection of paracetamol resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) of these cytokines. Oral omega-7 fatty acid supplementation may help to prevent liver damage caused by paracetamol. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1398
Agharid A. Al-Rasheed, S. Ahmed, K. Al-Jashamy, B. Garb
Bovine mastitis is a disease that concerns animals' welfare and increases the economic production losses. Bacterial agents such as Staphylococcus species are the main causative agent of bovine mastitis. This bacterial agent expresses some inflammatory cytokines that might enhance the cell-mediated, which may promote the pathogenesis of mastitis. The objective of the current study was to investigate the bovine innate immune response circulating levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 10 mL of milk specimens were collected randomly from 100 clinically mastitic cows, and another 20 clinically healthy cows were considered as a control group for the California Mastitis test. The microbiological cultures of milk specimens were performed. The interleukins (ILs)that involved IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the ELISA test for the evaluation of the pro-inflammatory bovine mastitis pathophysiology. The results of this study showed that Staphylococcus aureus detection was in 31.2% of mastitic milk and 8.7% of non-mastitic milk specimens; and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected in 14.8% and 18.7% in the mastitic and non-mastitic milk specimens, respectively. The IL-6 level was shown significantly higher (P<0.05)in the specimens of mastitic milk (194±12.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-mastitic milk (31±2.9 pg/mL). In conclusion, the elevated level of expression of IL-6 cytokine in the milk of cows with mastitis suggested that IL-6 might be used as a potentially suitable biomarker for early bovine mastitis diagnosis
{"title":"Immunopathological Responses to the Bovine Mastitis Associated with Staphylococcus Species Infection","authors":"Agharid A. Al-Rasheed, S. Ahmed, K. Al-Jashamy, B. Garb","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1398","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine mastitis is a disease that concerns animals' welfare and increases the economic production losses. Bacterial agents such as Staphylococcus species are the main causative agent of bovine mastitis. This bacterial agent expresses some inflammatory cytokines that might enhance the cell-mediated, which may promote the pathogenesis of mastitis. The objective of the current study was to investigate the bovine innate immune response circulating levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 10 mL of milk specimens were collected randomly from 100 clinically mastitic cows, and another 20 clinically healthy cows were considered as a control group for the California Mastitis test. The microbiological cultures of milk specimens were performed. The interleukins (ILs)that involved IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the ELISA test for the evaluation of the pro-inflammatory bovine mastitis pathophysiology. The results of this study showed that Staphylococcus aureus detection was in 31.2% of mastitic milk and 8.7% of non-mastitic milk specimens; and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected in 14.8% and 18.7% in the mastitic and non-mastitic milk specimens, respectively. The IL-6 level was shown significantly higher (P<0.05)in the specimens of mastitic milk (194±12.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-mastitic milk (31±2.9 pg/mL). In conclusion, the elevated level of expression of IL-6 cytokine in the milk of cows with mastitis suggested that IL-6 might be used as a potentially suitable biomarker for early bovine mastitis diagnosis","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1408
Rusal M Ahmed, Amira K Mohammed
Lead has always been a health risk in developing countries. Lead severely affects liver function. Butyrate is effective in treating inflammatory disorders in animals. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether sodium butyrate mitigates lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity. In this research, 40 adult female albino rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for a duration of 35 days as follows: group 1 served as a control, group 2 received sodium butyrate (SB) orally at 200 mg/kg daily, group 3 received lead acetate (LA) orally at 50 mg/kg daily, and group 4 received both SB and LA (SB+LA) orally. Blood was collected for complete blood picture (CBC) and some serum biochemical evaluations. Liver samples were collected for histopathological examination. The rats that exposed to lead acetate showed a significant (P<0.05) elevation in globulin, total bilirubin, total serum protein, and total white blood cells with a decrease in total red blood cells, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume, while weight gain shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in this group. Histologically showed pre-vascular infiltration of the nuclear cell. Body weight of Rat's gavage with sodium butyrate showed a substantial (P<0.05) increase, as well as there, were improvements in red blood cells RBC, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume PCV with the normal histological structure of the liver and no pathological lesion in hepatocyte. The fourth group (SB+LA) showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and total white blood cells, while other tests in this group showed nearly the control group as a result of the effect of SB. In conclusion, sodium butyrate consumption effectively reduces the harmful effects of lead acetate and prevents liver damage.
{"title":"Role of Sodium Butyrate Supplement on Reducing Hepatotoxicity Induced by Lead Acetate in Rats","authors":"Rusal M Ahmed, Amira K Mohammed","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1408","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Lead has always been a health risk in developing countries. Lead severely affects liver function. Butyrate is effective in treating inflammatory disorders in animals. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether sodium butyrate mitigates lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity. In this research, 40 adult female albino rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for a duration of 35 days as follows: group 1 served as a control, group 2 received sodium butyrate (SB) orally at 200 mg/kg daily, group 3 received lead acetate (LA) orally at 50 mg/kg daily, and group 4 received both SB and LA (SB+LA) orally. Blood was collected for complete blood picture (CBC) and some serum biochemical evaluations. Liver samples were collected for histopathological examination. The rats that exposed to lead acetate showed a significant (P<0.05) elevation in globulin, total bilirubin, total serum protein, and total white blood cells with a decrease in total red blood cells, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume, while weight gain shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in this group. Histologically showed pre-vascular infiltration of the nuclear cell. Body weight of Rat's gavage with sodium butyrate showed a substantial (P<0.05) increase, as well as there, were improvements in red blood cells RBC, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume PCV with the normal histological structure of the liver and no pathological lesion in hepatocyte. The fourth group (SB+LA) showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and total white blood cells, while other tests in this group showed nearly the control group as a result of the effect of SB. In conclusion, sodium butyrate consumption effectively reduces the harmful effects of lead acetate and prevents liver damage. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1424
Entesar H Madi, F. Al-Samarai, Y. M. Maaeni, Shishir. K. Gangwar
The present study aimed to assess enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nested-polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) methods based on B1 gene for the detection of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii in the blood and milk of local Iraqi goats. The SAG3 gene was also used to identify the genotyping of T. gondii in goats and aborted women in Iraq. A total of 240 (80 blood, 80 sera, 80 milk) lactating goats and 30 blood samples from aborted women were included in this study. A total of 17 (21.2%) infected goats were found in blood samples and 23 (28.7%) in milk samples when using n-PCR, while the numbers were 23 (28.7%) and 17 (21.2%) when using ELISA. Aborted women had an overall infection rate of 50% when using ELISA and 33% when using n-PCR. The degree of agreement between n-PCR in milk and blood was almost perfect (Kappa=0.801), with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 90.5, while there was a slight degree of agreement (Kappa=0.14) between n-PCR and ELISA in blood, with 58.8 sensitivity and 74.6 specificity. The results of the comparison between n-PCR in blood and ELISA in milk showed positive samples of 17 (21.2%) for each, with 82.4 sensitivity and 22.2 specificity, and no agreement (Kappa=–0.046). Sequencing of the SAG3 gene of T. gondii from goat and human isolates showed that the similarity ranged from 98.65–99.90% for genotypes I and III. In conclusion, n-PCR may be more accurate than ELISA for detecting T. gondii in blood and milk. In addition, the phylogenetic tree's evidence of a high degree of similarity between human and goat isolates provides further evidence that goats are an important reservoir of T. gondii and that public awareness is necessary.
{"title":"Comparison Between Nested-PCR and ELISA for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Blood and Milk and its Genotyping in Lactating Goats and Aborted Women in Iraq","authors":"Entesar H Madi, F. Al-Samarai, Y. M. Maaeni, Shishir. K. Gangwar","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1424","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The present study aimed to assess enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nested-polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) methods based on B1 gene for the detection of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii in the blood and milk of local Iraqi goats. The SAG3 gene was also used to identify the genotyping of T. gondii in goats and aborted women in Iraq. A total of 240 (80 blood, 80 sera, 80 milk) lactating goats and 30 blood samples from aborted women were included in this study. A total of 17 (21.2%) infected goats were found in blood samples and 23 (28.7%) in milk samples when using n-PCR, while the numbers were 23 (28.7%) and 17 (21.2%) when using ELISA. Aborted women had an overall infection rate of 50% when using ELISA and 33% when using n-PCR. The degree of agreement between n-PCR in milk and blood was almost perfect (Kappa=0.801), with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 90.5, while there was a slight degree of agreement (Kappa=0.14) between n-PCR and ELISA in blood, with 58.8 sensitivity and 74.6 specificity. The results of the comparison between n-PCR in blood and ELISA in milk showed positive samples of 17 (21.2%) for each, with 82.4 sensitivity and 22.2 specificity, and no agreement (Kappa=–0.046). Sequencing of the SAG3 gene of T. gondii from goat and human isolates showed that the similarity ranged from 98.65–99.90% for genotypes I and III. In conclusion, n-PCR may be more accurate than ELISA for detecting T. gondii in blood and milk. In addition, the phylogenetic tree's evidence of a high degree of similarity between human and goat isolates provides further evidence that goats are an important reservoir of T. gondii and that public awareness is necessary. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48302192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1399
Linah I Al-Juburi, Ikram A AL-Sammarraae
This research aimed to evaluate the protective ability of Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in rabbits. Three groups of eight rabbits were given the following: The first group was subcutaneously given SalmonellaTyphimurium-whole sonicated killed antigen (ST-WSKAg); the second group was orally given S. aromaticum extract as well as KWCSAg-ST subcutaneously; the third group was left as positive control group. The rabbit groups were orally challenged by 9×108 CFU/mLSalmonella Typhimurium then the animals were sacrificed 10 days postchallenge for histopathological study. Intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen were studied for pathological changes. The results showed that the second group had the least histopathological changes with mild inflammation and cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as low amount of vacuolation. The ST-WSKAg group showed multifocal aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammation of all organs studied, as well as slight interstitial edema with few cellular infiltration and cystic tubular dilation of neighboring tubules in kidney. The positive control group showed the most extensive signs of destruction, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as existence of live bacterium in tissue. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed to give a suitable protective ability against inflammation and destruction of virulent Salmonella Typhimurium infection in comparison to both of ST-WSKAg and positive control groups
{"title":"The Protective Role of Salmonella Typhimurium-Whole Sonicated Killed Antigen and Syzygium aromaticum Extract on the Histopathological Changes Against Its Infection in Rabbits","authors":"Linah I Al-Juburi, Ikram A AL-Sammarraae","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v46i2.1399","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to evaluate the protective ability of Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in rabbits. Three groups of eight rabbits were given the following: The first group was subcutaneously given SalmonellaTyphimurium-whole sonicated killed antigen (ST-WSKAg); the second group was orally given S. aromaticum extract as well as KWCSAg-ST subcutaneously; the third group was left as positive control group. The rabbit groups were orally challenged by 9×108 CFU/mLSalmonella Typhimurium then the animals were sacrificed 10 days postchallenge for histopathological study. Intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen were studied for pathological changes. The results showed that the second group had the least histopathological changes with mild inflammation and cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as low amount of vacuolation. The ST-WSKAg group showed multifocal aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammation of all organs studied, as well as slight interstitial edema with few cellular infiltration and cystic tubular dilation of neighboring tubules in kidney. The positive control group showed the most extensive signs of destruction, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as existence of live bacterium in tissue. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed to give a suitable protective ability against inflammation and destruction of virulent Salmonella Typhimurium infection in comparison to both of ST-WSKAg and positive control groups","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1358
G. S.A.RIDHA
This research work was conducted to study the role of cryptosporidial infection in calves with chronic non-responsive diarrhoea (1-4 weeks old). The study shows that cryptoridium was common infections agent causing diarrhoea in calves during the first month of calf life. the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in calves with chronic diarrhoea was 51.5%, using the method of safranin methylene blue staining of faecal smears from diarrhoeic calves. The infection rate was higher in calves of group A (closed breeding system) than those of calves in group B (open breeding system), as the study reveals the rate 65.6% and 42.3% respectively. The study also shows that infection was higher in calves of two weeks old (36.3%) than other age groups. cryptosporidium oocysts were also reported from few numbers of healthy non-diarrhoeic calves at rate of 8.1%.
{"title":"CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN CALVES WITH CHRONIC NON-RESPONSIVE DIARRHOEA","authors":"G. S.A.RIDHA","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1358","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was conducted to study the role of cryptosporidial infection in calves with chronic non-responsive diarrhoea (1-4 weeks old). The study shows that cryptoridium was common infections agent causing diarrhoea in calves during the first month of calf life. the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in calves with chronic diarrhoea was 51.5%, using the method of safranin methylene blue staining of faecal smears from diarrhoeic calves. The infection rate was higher in calves of group A (closed breeding system) than those of calves in group B (open breeding system), as the study reveals the rate 65.6% and 42.3% respectively. The study also shows that infection was higher in calves of two weeks old (36.3%) than other age groups. cryptosporidium oocysts were also reported from few numbers of healthy non-diarrhoeic calves at rate of 8.1%.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45233996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1365
F. Habasha
Sixteen normal colostrum-fed -Friesian and Holestein-Friesian X Angus crossbred calves, ranging in age from 2 to 7 weeks were divided into 4 vaccinated groups and 1 nonvaccinated (control) group. Group I consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at a two week interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 thar1l05 live virulent Salmonella gghimurium, strain 108-11). Group ll consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at two weeks interval with 1011 organisms (modified Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL 3261 ). Group [[1 consisted of 2 calves vaccinatedlivitwice at two weeks interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 than 105 virulent Salmonella typhimurigg, strain 108-11). Group IV consisted of 3 calves which were vaccinated 1M twice atv/o weeks interval with109 live modified strain 108-11(SL 1479). Group V consisted of 7 calves which served as nonvaccinated controls. One to two weeks after the final vaccine close all calves were orally challenge exposedwith 1.5x 1011 viable Salmonella typliimurium, strain 108-11. The results of vaccination with different preparation of vaccine indicated that a modified live vaccine strain designated as SL 1479 with complete, nonreverting blocks in aromatic biosynthesis may beappropriate for protecting domestic animals against Salmonella infection.
将16头2至7周龄的正常初乳喂养的Friesian和Holestein Friesian X Angus杂交小牛分为4个接种组和1个未接种组（对照）。第一组由2头小牛组成，每隔两周口服两次，接种小剂量的生物体（104 thar1l05活毒力gghimurium沙门氏菌，菌株108-11）。第ll组由2头小牛组成，每隔两周口服两次1011种生物体（改良鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，菌株SL 3261）。第[[1组由2头小牛组成，每隔两周接种一次小剂量生物疫苗（104只，而不是105只毒力鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，菌株108-11）。第IV组由3头小牛组成。它们每隔一周接种1M两次，接种109只活的改良菌株108-11（SL 1479）第V组由7头小牛组成，它们作为未接种疫苗的对照。在最后一次疫苗接种结束后的一到两周，所有小牛都口服1.5×1011活的典型沙门氏菌108-11菌株。用不同制备的疫苗接种的结果表明，在芳香族生物合成中具有完整、不可逆嵌段的改良活疫苗菌株SL 1479可能适用于保护家畜免受沙门氏菌感染。
{"title":"VACCINATION OF CALVES WITH LIVE MODIFIED AND LIVE VIRULENT STRAIN OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM","authors":"F. Habasha","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1365","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen normal colostrum-fed -Friesian and Holestein-Friesian X Angus crossbred calves, ranging in age from 2 to 7 weeks were divided into 4 vaccinated groups and 1 nonvaccinated (control) group. Group I consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at a two week interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 thar1l05 live virulent Salmonella gghimurium, strain 108-11). Group ll consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at two weeks interval with 1011 organisms (modified Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL 3261 ). Group [[1 consisted of 2 calves vaccinatedlivitwice at two weeks interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 than 105 virulent Salmonella typhimurigg, strain 108-11). Group IV consisted of 3 calves which were vaccinated 1M twice atv/o weeks interval with109 live modified strain 108-11(SL 1479). Group V consisted of 7 calves which served as nonvaccinated controls. One to two weeks after the final vaccine close all calves were orally challenge exposedwith 1.5x 1011 viable Salmonella typliimurium, strain 108-11. The results of vaccination with different preparation of vaccine indicated that a modified live vaccine strain designated as SL 1479 with complete, nonreverting blocks in aromatic biosynthesis may beappropriate for protecting domestic animals against Salmonella infection.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42857344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1340
F. S. Mohammad, N. S. AL-Samarrae, F. O. Rabie
The carotid body in an endogenous duck was closely related to the ventral surface of the common carotid bifurcation zone caudal to the parathyroid glands. The carotid body was characterized by its compact and fusiform shape. Taking into account all carotid bodies, the mean length was 1.058 +0.95 micrometers. The blood supply of the carotid body in duck was not detected easily but caudal and cranial thyroid arteries gave many branches to it. Histologically, the carotid body of an endogenous duck was consisted of two types of cells; chief cells which occurred in groups and were invested by sustentacular cells. These cells were embedded within a connective tissue fibers to form glomic tissue. A collection of ganglionic cells were observed in the vicinity of the carotid body
{"title":"THE GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE CAROTID BODY OF AN ENDOGENOUS DUCK","authors":"F. S. Mohammad, N. S. AL-Samarrae, F. O. Rabie","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1340","url":null,"abstract":"The carotid body in an endogenous duck was closely related to the ventral surface of the common carotid bifurcation zone caudal to the parathyroid glands. The carotid body was characterized by its compact and fusiform shape. Taking into account all carotid bodies, the mean length was 1.058 +0.95 micrometers. The blood supply of the carotid body in duck was not detected easily but caudal and cranial thyroid arteries gave many branches to it. Histologically, the carotid body of an endogenous duck was consisted of two types of cells; chief cells which occurred in groups and were invested by sustentacular cells. These cells were embedded within a connective tissue fibers to form glomic tissue. A collection of ganglionic cells were observed in the vicinity of the carotid body","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46181171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1357
M. A.AL.Quim
This study was designed to investigate the acute toxic effect of Diazinon on some blood parameters. Twelve male rabbits were divided randomly and equally into two groups, A treated group (T) and control group (C). Animals of group (T) were dipped in 3:1000 diazinon solution. Within 24 hours following the treatment, animals of group (T) showed moderate symptom of organophosphorous poisoning such as dyspnia and depression. Blood analysis of the group (T) animals revealed a significant elevation of blood sugar and urea. These changes were correlated with increased W.B.C. counts. The results of this study indicate that dipping with diazinon is not free of side effects on certain physiological functions of body systems.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIAZINON ON SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN MALE RABBITS","authors":"M. A.AL.Quim","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v20i2.1357","url":null,"abstract":" This study was designed to investigate the acute toxic effect of Diazinon on some blood parameters. Twelve male rabbits were divided randomly and equally into two groups, A treated group (T) and control group (C). Animals of group (T) were dipped in 3:1000 diazinon solution. Within 24 hours following the treatment, animals of group (T) showed moderate symptom of organophosphorous poisoning such as dyspnia and depression. Blood analysis of the group (T) animals revealed a significant elevation of blood sugar and urea. These changes were correlated with increased W.B.C. counts. The results of this study indicate that dipping with diazinon is not free of side effects on certain physiological functions of body systems.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42196538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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