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NEW FRAGMENTS OF RUFUS OF EPHESUS’ ON THE RETENTION OF MENSES 以弗所的鲁弗斯关于月经保留的新片段
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000672
Brent Arehart, Joshua Bocher
Abstract Rufus of Ephesus (fl. c.100 c.e.) was a prolific medical author and practitioner in the Imperial period whose historical importance has been obscured by the loss of most of his works. One of the largest gaps in our knowledge of Rufus’ corpus is his gynaecological writings, none of which survives in full. This article assembles and comments on several fragments from Rufus’ lost gynaecological work On the Retention of Menses (perhaps Περὶ τῶν ἐπεχομένων ἐμμήνων). Comparison of overlapping passages from the authors Ibn al-Jazzār (tenth century) and Aëtius of Amida (sixth century) reveals that more fragments of this work in Arabic and Greek have survived than previously thought. These fragments provide new evidence for the analysis of Rufus’ medical thought, and further our understanding of gynaecology in the Roman empire.
以弗所的鲁弗斯(约公元前100年)是帝国时期一位多产的医学作家和实践者,其历史重要性因其大部分作品的遗失而模糊不清。在我们对鲁弗斯文集的了解中,最大的空白之一是他的妇科著作,没有一本完整地保存下来。本文对鲁弗斯遗失的妇科著作《论月经保留》(可能是Περ ς τ ν ν πεχομ ν ν μμ ν)中的几个片段进行整理和评论。比较伊本al-Jazzār(10世纪)和阿米达Aëtius(6世纪)作者的重叠段落,可以发现这部作品中阿拉伯文和希腊文的片段比之前认为的要多。这些碎片为分析鲁弗斯的医学思想提供了新的证据,并进一步加深了我们对罗马帝国妇科的理解。
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引用次数: 0
THE LATIN ORIGINS OF A BILINGUAL LETTER COLLECTION (SPECIMINA EPISTVLARIA = P.BON. 5) 双语信集的拉丁词源。5)
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000830
Adam Gitner, Maria Chiara Scappaticcio
Abstract P.Bon. 5 preserves the only known collection of ancient Latin model letters, accompanied by a Greek translation. This article argues that the Latin is the primary version and dates the composition to before the early third century. Comparisons with other model letter collections, principally ps.-Demetrius’ Epistolary Types and ps.-Libanius’ Epistolary Styles, locate the text within a wider literary genre. A new reconstructed text is provided in the Appendix at the end of this article.
抽象P.Bon。5号保存了唯一已知的古拉丁字母范本,并附有希腊文译本。这篇文章认为拉丁文是主要的版本,并将其写作日期定在三世纪早期之前。与其他典型的书信集比较,主要是狄米特琉斯的书信类型和利巴纽斯的书信风格,将文本定位在更广泛的文学类型中。在本文末尾的附录中提供了一个新的重建文本。
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引用次数: 0
A COMPARATIVE LENS ON ΚΡΑΤΥΣ ΑΡΓΕΪΦΟΝΤΗΣ: MEANING, ETYMOLOGY AND PHRASEOLOGY ΚΡΑΤΥΣ ΑΡΓΕΪΦΟΝΤΗΣ之比较:意义、词源与用语
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000568
Laura Massetti
Abstract Greek κρατύς and cognates (κράτος, κρατερός, etc.) are related to Vedic krátu- ‘resolve’ and Avestan xratu- ‘[guiding] intellect’. The cumulative phraseological evidence supports this etymological proposal: in at least ten cases, Greek personal names and phrasemes exhibiting a cognate of κρατύς (that is, κράτος and compounds with first member κρατ[α]ι-) combine with terms whose Indo-Iranian linguistic cognates are joined with Vedic krátu- and Avestan xratu-. Furthermore, Indo-Iranian expressions, in which Vedic krátu- and its compounds are referred to a god as attributes, are structurally comparable to Greek κρατὺς Ἀργεϊφόντης. Since Ἀργεϊφόντης is likely to reflect ‘shining (cf. Greek φαίνω) with whiteness/brightness (ἀργει-)’, it is possible to identify Vedic phraseological matches for the Greek formula, namely expressions in which Vedic krátu- and its derivative krátumant- combine with the notion of ‘shining widely’, Vedic ví-bhā (Vedic bhā being a linguistic congener of φαίνω). The phraseological correspondence between Vedic krátu- … agní- ‘Agni, [endowed with] resolve’, and κρατὺς Ἀργεϊφόντης ‘Argeiphontes, endowed with superior might (κράτος)’ may be added to the dossier of common phraseology which the Greek god shares with the Old Indic fire-deity.
希腊文的κρατ ς及其同源词(κρ ατ ος、κρατερός等)与吠陀语的krátu(“决心”)和阿维斯陀语的xratu(“[引导]智力”)有关。累积的短语学证据支持这一词源学建议:至少在十种情况下,希腊人名和短语表现出κρατ ς(即κρατ ς和以κρατ[α]ι-为第一个成员的化合物)的同源词与印度-伊朗语的同源词与吠陀语krátu-和阿维斯陀语xratu-相连。此外,印度-伊朗语的表达,其中吠陀语krátu-及其化合物被称为神的属性,在结构上与希腊语κρατ ςἈργεϊφόντης相似。因为Ἀργεϊφόντης很可能反映出“用白色/亮度发光(参见希腊文φα你们好你们好νω)”,所以有可能识别出与希腊公式相匹配的吠陀用语,即吠陀krátu及其衍生词krátumant与吠陀ví-bhā(吠陀bhha是φα你们好νω的语言同源)的概念相结合的表达。吠陀语krátu-…agní- ' Agni,[赋予]决心'和κρατ οςἈργεϊφόντης ' Argeiphontes,赋予卓越的力量(κρατ ος) '之间的短语对应关系可以添加到希腊神与古印度火神共享的常用短语档案中。
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引用次数: 0
SISTERHOOD, AFFECTION AND ENSLAVEMENT IN HYPERIDES’ AGAINST TIMANDRUS 姐妹情谊,感情和奴役在hyperides对抗timandrus
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000787
Katherine Backler
Abstract A recently published fragment of the fourth-century speechwriter Hyperides contains a speech for the prosecution of Timandrus, accused of mistreating four orphans in his care. This article draws out from the fragment three important contributions to our understanding of Athenian conceptions of family relationships, particularly the relationships of marginalized groups: girls and enslaved people. First, the fragment constitutes a rare portrayal of a relationship between two sisters. Second, the fragment clearly articulates the idea that affective family relationships are not a biological inevitability but arise from socialization, a departure from other fourth-century thinking. Third, the speaker applies this statement to enslaved people, claiming that the separation of children from close family members is so cruel that even slave-traders avoid it in their sale of human beings. Though this claim seems to have been untrue except in a very limited sense, its place in the argumentation of the speech assumes broad recognition of the existence and value of family relationships between enslaved people, vivid evidence of the paradox that slave societies recognized the humanity of people they simultaneously insisted were subhuman.
最近出版的一份四世纪演讲撰稿人希里ides的片段包含了一段起诉提曼德鲁斯的演讲,提曼德鲁斯被指控虐待他所照顾的四个孤儿。这篇文章从片段中引出了三个重要的贡献,有助于我们理解雅典人的家庭关系概念,特别是边缘群体的关系:女孩和被奴役的人。首先,这个残片罕见地描绘了两姐妹之间的关系。其次,这段片段清楚地表达了这样一种观点,即情感家庭关系不是生物学上的必然性,而是源于社会化,这与四世纪的其他思想不同。第三,演讲者将这一说法应用于被奴役的人,声称将儿童与亲密的家庭成员分开是如此残酷,甚至奴隶贩子在贩卖人口时也避免这种情况。虽然这种说法除了在非常有限的意义上似乎是不真实的,但它在演讲论证中的位置假设了对奴隶之间家庭关系的存在和价值的广泛承认,这是一个悖论的生动证据,即奴隶社会承认他们同时坚持认为是次等人的人的人性。
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引用次数: 0
P. CALPURNIUS LANARIUS, A NEW NAME ON THE SULLAN PROSCRIPTION LISTS P. calpurnius lanarius, sullan禁制名单上的新名字
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000593
J. García González
Abstract According to Plutarch (Sert. 7.1–2) and Sallust (Hist. 1.83–4), a certain P. Calpurnius Lanarius killed L. Livius Salinator, a member of Sertorius’ staff in charge of military operations in the Pyrenees, in the early stages of the Sertorian War (82–72 b.c.). Through the analysis of the verb δολοφονέω in Plutarch's and St. Jerome's use of Sallust's Histories, this article seeks to demonstrate that Lanarius was an exile of the Sullan regime who treacherously assassinated his superior Salinator. The article puts forward the suggestion—not hitherto considered—that Lanarius was one of those proscribed.
根据普鲁塔克(公元前7.1-2)和萨洛斯特(公元前1.83-4)的记载,在塞托里亚战争(公元前82-72年)初期,一个名叫P. Calpurnius Lanarius的人杀死了塞托里亚乌斯的参谋、负责比利牛斯山脉军事行动的L. Livius Salinator。本文通过分析普鲁塔克和圣杰罗姆对萨罗斯特《历史》中的动词δολοφο,试图证明拉纳留斯是苏兰政权的流亡者,他背信弃义地暗杀了他的上司萨利纳特。这篇文章提出了一个至今还没有被考虑过的建议:拉纳留斯是被禁止的人之一。
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引用次数: 0
PURPLE WOOL: THE IMPERIAL TEXTURE OF TRIMALCHIO'S DOMESTIC JURISDICTION 紫羊毛:特里马乔国内管辖的皇家质地
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000714
L. Donati
Abstract This article offers a new interpretation of the theme of servile ‘crime and punishment’ in the Cena Trimalchionis. Focussing on scenes that directly involve the dinner host, it argues that the domestic justice system that they flesh out adds nuance to the satirical bite of the episode. An initial overview of the instances of ‘crime and punishment’ involving enslaved characters demonstrates how these scenes parade not just Trimalchio's wealth but his masterly power overreaching that of private domini. While previous scholarship understood Trimalchio's questionable chastisements as indicative of this parvenu's pretensions, this article shows that they cumulatively develop an image of a jumbled execution of justice—brought to life through the presence of state functionaries, judicial infrastructures and penalties normally executed by the state. The climax of this image is hidden in plain sight, in a hitherto underappreciated scene involving purple wool (54.3–5), discussion of which proves in conclusion that the instances of servile ‘crime and punishment’ craftily build a subplot that plays on the freedman's imperial authority. The imperial matrix already recognized in several dimensions of the Cena in earlier scholarship unmistakably characterizes Trimalchio's domestic jurisdiction too; arbitrary and unfair, it offers biting comment on the state of Roman justice during the Principate with the progressive channelling of justice through the sole authority of the emperor. In sum, the servile ‘crime and punishment’ theme works as a fierce attack on the imperial government, encouraging broader reconsideration of the target of Petronius’ satirical pen.
摘要本文对《三马甲》中奴性的“罪与罚”主题进行了新的解读。它集中在直接涉及晚宴主人的场景上,认为他们所充实的国内司法系统为这一集的讽刺辛辣增添了细微差别。对涉及奴隶角色的“罪与罚”实例的初步概述表明,这些场景不仅展示了特里马乔的财富,而且展示了他超越私人domini的娴熟权力。虽然以前的学者认为特里马乔可疑的惩罚表明了这个暴发人的自命不凡,但这篇文章表明,它们逐渐形成了一种混乱的司法执行的形象——通过国家官员、司法基础设施和通常由国家执行的惩罚的存在而栩栩如生。这幅图像的高潮隐藏在显而易见的地方,在一个迄今为止未被重视的涉及紫色羊毛的场景中(54.3-5),对它的讨论在结论中证明了奴性的“罪与罚”的例子巧妙地建立了一个次要情节,发挥了自由人的帝国权威。在早期的学术研究中,帝国矩阵已经在塞纳的几个维度中得到了认可它也明确地体现了特里马乔的国内管辖权;武断和不公平,它对元首制时期的罗马司法状况提出了尖锐的评论,通过皇帝的唯一权威逐步引导司法。总而言之,奴性的“罪与罚”主题是对帝国政府的猛烈攻击,鼓励人们更广泛地重新思考彼得罗尼乌斯讽刺笔触的目标。
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引用次数: 0
EMPIRE INSIDE OUT: CELEBRATING CONSTANTINE'S VICTORIES BETWEEN ROME AND TRIER 帝国内外:庆祝君士坦丁在罗马和特里尔之间的胜利
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000775
A. Ross
Abstract This article argues that Panegyricus Latinus XII(9), a speech performed before Constantine in Trier in 313 c.e. following his defeat of Maxentius the previous year, acted as a crucial localized act of communication to the emperor. Through a series of allusions and the careful presentation of his narrative, the orator made a case for the continued political and cultural importance of Trier within the newly expanded Constantinian empire.
本文认为,公元313年君士坦丁在特里尔击败马克森提乌斯(Maxentius)后,在君士坦丁面前发表的演讲Panegyricus Latinus XII(9),是君士坦丁向皇帝传达信息的重要地方行为。通过一系列的典故和精心的叙述,这位演说家证明了特里尔在新扩张的君士坦丁帝国中持续的政治和文化重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A PLATONIC ARGUMENT FOR THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL IN CICERO (TVSCVLANAE DISPVTATIONES 1.39–49) 西塞罗关于灵魂不朽的柏拉图式论证(《论文集》1.39-49)
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0009838822000817
M. Watton
Abstract An argument in Cicero's Tusculan Disputations (Tusc. 1.39–49) defends psychic immortality by reference to the physical constitution of the soul. This article argues that this ‘Physical Argument’ should be interpreted as a reception of Plato's doctrine of the soul within the philosophical paradigm of the Hellenistic era. After analysing the argument, it is shown that Cicero's proof recasts elements of Plato's Phaedo, in particular the kinship between the soul and the heavens and the soul's essentially contemplative nature, within a corporealist cosmology. The article also argues that Cicero formulates his argument to oppose the Stoic view that the soul's survival after death is only temporary. The Physical Argument emerges as a modernization of Platonic thought, putting Plato into dialogue with contemporary Hellenistic philosophy. Cicero, too, emerges as a more adept philosophical author than is often supposed.
在西塞罗的《图斯库兰论辩》(图斯1.39-49)中,一个论证通过灵魂的物质构成来捍卫精神不朽。本文认为,这种“物理论证”应该被解释为在希腊化时代的哲学范式中接受柏拉图的灵魂学说。在分析论证后,我们发现西塞罗的证明在物质宇宙论中重塑了柏拉图《斐多篇》的元素,特别是灵魂与天堂之间的亲属关系以及灵魂本质上的沉思性。文章还认为,西塞罗的论点是为了反对斯多葛派的观点,即灵魂在死后的生存只是暂时的。物理论证作为柏拉图思想的现代化而出现,将柏拉图置于与当代希腊哲学的对话中。西塞罗也是一位比人们通常认为的更熟练的哲学作家。
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引用次数: 0
LYRIC IN THE SECOND DEGREE: ARCHAIC AND EARLY CLASSICAL POETRY IN HIMERIUS OF ATHENS 第二层次的抒情诗:雅典希米留斯的古代和早期古典诗歌
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000983882200074X
Francesca Modini
Abstract This article reconsiders the methodological issues posed by the reception of archaic and classical poetry in imperial rhetorical texts. It argues that references to ancient poems and poets in the works of imperial sophists are always already the product of appropriation and rewriting, and that the study of sophists’ engagement with poetry should go beyond Quellenforschung to explore how and why poetic models were transformed in light of their new rhetorical and imperial contexts. To illustrate this approach and its contribution to our understanding of both ancient-reception phenomena and imperial rhetorical culture, the article focusses on Himerius of Athens, a fourth-century c.e. sophist and teacher of rhetoric whose fondness for lyric poetry has caused his Orations to be used as a quarry for lyric fragments and testimonia. Himerius’ treatment of carefully chosen lyric models is here discussed with attention to his self-presentation and rhetorical agenda to show how the sophist appropriated the voices of diverse lyric icons to promote his school and negotiate his position in relation to the imperial administration. This analysis restores Himerius’ intellectual significance within late imperial culture and society, but it also demonstrates how a more in-depth study of the reception of ancient poetry in imperial sophistic literature has the potential to illuminate the strategies of cultural politics used by imperial authors to (re)construct Greek tradition.
摘要本文重新思考了古代和古典诗歌在帝国修辞文本中的接受所带来的方法论问题。它认为,在帝国诡辩家的作品中,对古代诗歌和诗人的引用总是被挪用和重写的产物,对诡辩家与诗歌的研究应该超越Quellenforschung,探索诗歌模式如何以及为什么在新的修辞和帝国背景下发生转变。为了说明这种方法及其对我们理解古代接受现象和帝国修辞文化的贡献,本文将重点放在公元前4世纪雅典的希米里乌斯身上。希米里乌斯是一位诡辩家和修辞老师,他对抒情诗的喜爱使他的演讲被用作抒情片段和证词的采石场。希米留斯对精心挑选的抒情诗模型的处理在这里讨论了他的自我呈现和修辞议程,以展示这位诡辩家如何利用不同抒情诗的声音来促进他的学派,并就他与帝国政府的关系进行谈判。这一分析恢复了希米留斯在帝国晚期文化和社会中的智力意义,但它也表明,对帝国诡秘文学中对古诗的接受进行更深入的研究,如何有可能阐明帝国作者(重新)构建希腊传统所使用的文化政治策略。
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引用次数: 0
DIOGENES OF BABYLON ON WHO THE DEITY IS: AËTIUS 1.7.8 MANSFELD–RUNIA RECONSIDERED 巴比伦的第欧根尼论神是谁:aËtius 1.7.8重新考虑曼斯菲尔德-鲁尼亚
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000983882200057X
C. Vassallo
Abstract In Aëtius 1.7.8 Mansfeld–Runia, Diogenes, Cleanthes and Oenopides are said to have maintained that the deity is the world-soul. However, the identity of the Diogenes whom the doxographer mentions here has long been a matter of scholarly dispute. In response to attempts to ascribe the doxa to Diogenes of Apollonia, this paper reassesses old arguments and proposes new considerations to argue that a fundamental aspect of Diogenes of Babylon's theology is at stake here.
在Aëtius 1.7.8中,曼斯菲尔德-鲁尼亚、第欧根尼、克里安提斯和欧诺匹德斯认为神是世界的灵魂。然而,作者在这里提到的第欧根尼的身份长期以来一直是一个学术争议的问题。为了回应将这个信条归咎于阿波罗尼亚的第欧根尼的尝试,本文重新评估了旧的论点,并提出了新的考虑,认为巴比伦的第欧根尼的神学的一个基本方面在这里受到威胁。
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引用次数: 0
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The Classical Quarterly
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