Takashige Ishi, D. Brar, G. Sécond, K. Tsunewaki, G. Khush
RFLP analysis was carried out to clarify the nuclear genome differentiation in Asian rice varieties of Oryza sativa. Based on the restriction fragment patterns with two endonucleases, EcoRI and HindIII, using 12 single-copy rice DNA probes, 93 types of nuclear genome were found among 112 local varieties from 17 Asian countries. In a dendrogram showing genetic relationships among nuclear genome types, they were mainly divided into eight groups, A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2 and E. These results were compared with previous isozyme analysis and RFLP analysis on chloroplast genome using the same varieties. Classification on isozyme analysis matches well with that on nuclear genome, indicating synchronous differentiation of isozyme constitutions and nuclear genomes in Asian varieties. Considering the correspondence between them, nuclear genomes were grouped into Indica (A, B1 and B2), intermediate (C1, C2 and D1) and Japonica (D2 and E) types. From the comparison of chloroplast with nucleus for genome differentiation, two major chloroplast genomes (types 1 and 3) were found in the varieties with several nuclear genome types. However, Japonica group with D2 and E nuclear genomes has only type 1 chloroplast genome, whereas Indica and intermediate groups contain both two major chloroplast genomes. Especially, type 3 chloroplast genome which was not found in Japonica group is dominant type in Indica varieties. The results indicate the differentiation of nuclear genome has partially synchronized with that of chloroplast genome.
{"title":"Nuclear genome differentiation in Asian cultivated rice as revealed by RFLP analysis","authors":"Takashige Ishi, D. Brar, G. Sécond, K. Tsunewaki, G. Khush","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.643","url":null,"abstract":"RFLP analysis was carried out to clarify the nuclear genome differentiation in Asian rice varieties of Oryza sativa. Based on the restriction fragment patterns with two endonucleases, EcoRI and HindIII, using 12 single-copy rice DNA probes, 93 types of nuclear genome were found among 112 local varieties from 17 Asian countries. In a dendrogram showing genetic relationships among nuclear genome types, they were mainly divided into eight groups, A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2 and E. These results were compared with previous isozyme analysis and RFLP analysis on chloroplast genome using the same varieties. Classification on isozyme analysis matches well with that on nuclear genome, indicating synchronous differentiation of isozyme constitutions and nuclear genomes in Asian varieties. Considering the correspondence between them, nuclear genomes were grouped into Indica (A, B1 and B2), intermediate (C1, C2 and D1) and Japonica (D2 and E) types. From the comparison of chloroplast with nucleus for genome differentiation, two major chloroplast genomes (types 1 and 3) were found in the varieties with several nuclear genome types. However, Japonica group with D2 and E nuclear genomes has only type 1 chloroplast genome, whereas Indica and intermediate groups contain both two major chloroplast genomes. Especially, type 3 chloroplast genome which was not found in Japonica group is dominant type in Indica varieties. The results indicate the differentiation of nuclear genome has partially synchronized with that of chloroplast genome.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"3 1","pages":"643-652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80926009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutagenic interactions between maleic hydrazide (MH; a promutagen known to be activated into a mutagen in plant cells) and X rays were studied in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430, a blue/pink heterozygote. The young inflorescence-bearing shoots with roots cultivated in the nutrient solution circulating growth chamber were used as tester plants. After determining doseresponse curves for X rays and for MH, nine combined treatments with MH (0.5 and 1 mM) and X rays (292 to 1,240 mGy) were conducted, exposing to X rays either 20 or 44 h before, at the midpoint of, or 2 or 44 h after the MH treatments for 4 h. Clear synergistic effects in inducing somatic pink mutations were detected when X rays were given before the MH treatments. On the contrary, however, antagonistic effects were often observed when X-ray treatments were carried out during or after the MH treatments. The synergistic effects detected were thought to be the results of interactions between DNA strand breaks (and the resultant chromosomal breaks) induced by X rays and those by MH, whereas the antagonistic effects observed were presumed to have resulted from X-ray-caused inhibition of the activation of MH in the stamen-hair cells.
{"title":"Mutagenic interactions between maleic hydrazide and X rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430","authors":"L. Xiao, S. Ichikawa","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.473","url":null,"abstract":"Mutagenic interactions between maleic hydrazide (MH; a promutagen known to be activated into a mutagen in plant cells) and X rays were studied in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430, a blue/pink heterozygote. The young inflorescence-bearing shoots with roots cultivated in the nutrient solution circulating growth chamber were used as tester plants. After determining doseresponse curves for X rays and for MH, nine combined treatments with MH (0.5 and 1 mM) and X rays (292 to 1,240 mGy) were conducted, exposing to X rays either 20 or 44 h before, at the midpoint of, or 2 or 44 h after the MH treatments for 4 h. Clear synergistic effects in inducing somatic pink mutations were detected when X rays were given before the MH treatments. On the contrary, however, antagonistic effects were often observed when X-ray treatments were carried out during or after the MH treatments. The synergistic effects detected were thought to be the results of interactions between DNA strand breaks (and the resultant chromosomal breaks) induced by X rays and those by MH, whereas the antagonistic effects observed were presumed to have resulted from X-ray-caused inhibition of the activation of MH in the stamen-hair cells.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"956 1","pages":"473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85614863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microsatellite polymorphisms of Arabidopsis thaliana were surveyed for 29 loci using 12 Japanese natural populations as material. All the individuals examined were homozygous at all the microsatellite loci. Although there was considerable variation among populations, no intra-population polymorphism was detected in three selected populations when eight loci were studied. The microsatellites examined proved to be a suitable genetic marker for studying the genetic variation among natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. To compare the genetic similarity and infer the evolutionary relationships among populations, neighbor-joining trees were constructed on the basis of distance matrices calculated by two different methods. Genetic relationships among the populations as revealed in the trees do not necessarily correspond to their geographic relationships. This may reflect their different origins or different times of introduction into the Islands of Japan.
{"title":"MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISMS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA IN JAPAN","authors":"Satoru Todokoro, R. Terauchi, S. Kawano","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.543","url":null,"abstract":"Microsatellite polymorphisms of Arabidopsis thaliana were surveyed for 29 loci using 12 Japanese natural populations as material. All the individuals examined were homozygous at all the microsatellite loci. Although there was considerable variation among populations, no intra-population polymorphism was detected in three selected populations when eight loci were studied. The microsatellites examined proved to be a suitable genetic marker for studying the genetic variation among natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. To compare the genetic similarity and infer the evolutionary relationships among populations, neighbor-joining trees were constructed on the basis of distance matrices calculated by two different methods. Genetic relationships among the populations as revealed in the trees do not necessarily correspond to their geographic relationships. This may reflect their different origins or different times of introduction into the Islands of Japan.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"543-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90461600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genotypes of Japanese wheat cultivars at loci for resistance to the twheatgrass mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. agropyri, were examined using the gene-for-gene relationship. Most cultivars carried two genes, Pm10 and Pm15 for resistance to the wheatgrass mildew fungus. Almost all cultivars were non-carriers of Pm11 and Pm14. On the other hand, all isolates of the wheat mildew fungus, E. graminis f. sp. tritici, collected from various areas in Japan were non-carriers of Ppm10, Ppm11, Ppm14, and Ppm15, avirulence genes corresponding to Pm10, Pm11, Pm14, and Pm15, respectively. From these results we suggest that the population of the wheat mildew fungus had lost Ppm11 and Ppm14 before its migration to Japan.
利用基因对基因关系分析了日本小麦品种抗小麦草霉病位点的基因型。大多数品种携带Pm10和Pm15两个抗小麦草霉病基因。几乎所有品种都不携带Pm11和Pm14。另一方面，从日本不同地区收集的小麦霉变菌E. graminis f. sp. tritici均不携带Pm10、Pm11、Pm14和Pm15对应的毒力基因Ppm10、Ppm11、Ppm14和Ppm15。根据这些结果，我们认为小麦霉变菌在迁移到日本之前已经失去了Ppm11和Ppm14。
{"title":"Distribution of genes for resistance to the wheatgrass mildew fungus in Japanese wheat cultivars and of their corresponding genes in the wheat mildew fungus","authors":"Y. Tosa, Tomoya Nakamura, M. Kusaba","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.119","url":null,"abstract":"Genotypes of Japanese wheat cultivars at loci for resistance to the twheatgrass mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. agropyri, were examined using the gene-for-gene relationship. Most cultivars carried two genes, Pm10 and Pm15 for resistance to the wheatgrass mildew fungus. Almost all cultivars were non-carriers of Pm11 and Pm14. On the other hand, all isolates of the wheat mildew fungus, E. graminis f. sp. tritici, collected from various areas in Japan were non-carriers of Ppm10, Ppm11, Ppm14, and Ppm15, avirulence genes corresponding to Pm10, Pm11, Pm14, and Pm15, respectively. From these results we suggest that the population of the wheat mildew fungus had lost Ppm11 and Ppm14 before its migration to Japan.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"183 1","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83036934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simplified fluorescence plus giemsa method for demonstrating sister chromatid differentiation has been developed in conjunction with a C-banding method for the same barley metaphase chromosomal spread. By combining this method with imaging methods, the sites of sister chromatid exchanges could be exactly determined.
{"title":"Detection of sister chromatid exchange sites by sequential staining and imaging methods","authors":"S. Nakayama, K. Fukui","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.267","url":null,"abstract":"A simplified fluorescence plus giemsa method for demonstrating sister chromatid differentiation has been developed in conjunction with a C-banding method for the same barley metaphase chromosomal spread. By combining this method with imaging methods, the sites of sister chromatid exchanges could be exactly determined.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"11 1","pages":"267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88436034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice cultivars so far examined mostly had the early-heading gene, Ef-1. Their wild progenitor, Oryza rufipogon Griff., was examined in respect to the genes for heading time in the present study. Of three strains tested, W593 from Malaysia and W1623 from Tauyuan, Taiwan produced no panicles when planted in the first crop season at Taichung, suggesting their strong sensitivity to photoperiod, while W630 from Burma was practically insensitive to photoperiod and produced panicles. In the second crop season, the wild strains headed several days later than Taichung 65. When they were crossed with Taichung 65, the heading dates of the F1 plants were similar to, or a few days earlier than that of Taichung 65. In the B1F1 (T65 × F1) populations, early-heading plants like Ef-1 carriers were found. They were backcrossed to Taichung 65 several times and true-breeding early-heading lines were obtained. When they were crossed with T65(20)E a carrying Ef-1a, the heading dates of the F2 plants varied within the parental range, suggesting that the wild strains had similar alleles at the Ef-1 locus. Regarding genes controlling photoperiod sensitivity W593 and W1623 were found to have recessive ones denominated as se-7 (t) and se-6 (t), respectively. The effect of these genes can be suppressed by Ef-1 when combined together.
{"title":"Genie analysis for heading time in wild rice strains","authors":"K. Tsai","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.555","url":null,"abstract":"Rice cultivars so far examined mostly had the early-heading gene, Ef-1. Their wild progenitor, Oryza rufipogon Griff., was examined in respect to the genes for heading time in the present study. Of three strains tested, W593 from Malaysia and W1623 from Tauyuan, Taiwan produced no panicles when planted in the first crop season at Taichung, suggesting their strong sensitivity to photoperiod, while W630 from Burma was practically insensitive to photoperiod and produced panicles. In the second crop season, the wild strains headed several days later than Taichung 65. When they were crossed with Taichung 65, the heading dates of the F1 plants were similar to, or a few days earlier than that of Taichung 65. In the B1F1 (T65 × F1) populations, early-heading plants like Ef-1 carriers were found. They were backcrossed to Taichung 65 several times and true-breeding early-heading lines were obtained. When they were crossed with T65(20)E a carrying Ef-1a, the heading dates of the F2 plants varied within the parental range, suggesting that the wild strains had similar alleles at the Ef-1 locus. Regarding genes controlling photoperiod sensitivity W593 and W1623 were found to have recessive ones denominated as se-7 (t) and se-6 (t), respectively. The effect of these genes can be suppressed by Ef-1 when combined together.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"70 1","pages":"555-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82484929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zheng, K. Irifune, N. MlYASHITA, R. Terauchi, H. Uchiyama, M. Nakata, R. Tanaka, H. Morikawa
Phylogenetic relationships between four Phaseolus (P. angularis, P. calcaratus, P. coccineus and P. vulgaris (including six cultivars)) and two Vigna (V. sesquipedalis and V. sinensis) species were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using 15 restriction enzymes and two ribosomal DNA fragments from rice and mung bean as probes. Based on the RFLP data, phylogenetic trees were constructed by the distance matrix and maximum parsimony methods. The two trees constructed by the distance matrix method and one tree constructed by the maximum parsimony method had congruent topology and recognized three clusters: one containing V. sesquipedalis and V. sinensis; a second containing P. angularis; and a third containing P. calcaratus, P. coccineus and six cultivars of P. vulgaris. Grouping of the six species based on the molecular taxonomic data obtained is compared with grouping based on previously reported cytological data.
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships between six species of Phaseolus and Vigna as determined by RFLP analysis of ribosomal DNA","authors":"J. Zheng, K. Irifune, N. MlYASHITA, R. Terauchi, H. Uchiyama, M. Nakata, R. Tanaka, H. Morikawa","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.615","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenetic relationships between four Phaseolus (P. angularis, P. calcaratus, P. coccineus and P. vulgaris (including six cultivars)) and two Vigna (V. sesquipedalis and V. sinensis) species were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using 15 restriction enzymes and two ribosomal DNA fragments from rice and mung bean as probes. Based on the RFLP data, phylogenetic trees were constructed by the distance matrix and maximum parsimony methods. The two trees constructed by the distance matrix method and one tree constructed by the maximum parsimony method had congruent topology and recognized three clusters: one containing V. sesquipedalis and V. sinensis; a second containing P. angularis; and a third containing P. calcaratus, P. coccineus and six cultivars of P. vulgaris. Grouping of the six species based on the molecular taxonomic data obtained is compared with grouping based on previously reported cytological data.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"41 1","pages":"615-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kodo, C. Nakamura, H. Kato, Takumi Yoshiawa, N. Mori, C. Kaneda
Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) were purified by CsCl/bisbenzimide density-gradient ultracentrifugation from 21 strains of seven Fusarium species that cause fusarium head blight and mycotoxin contamination in wheat and other cereals. A partial PstI clone bank, from which one of twelve PstI fragments (14.7 kb) is missing, was constructed using mtDNA from strain KU-1615 of F. graminearum. Molecular sizes of mtDNAs of single representative strains from the seven species were determined after single-, double- and triple-digestion by four or five restriction enzymes (BamHI, MluI, PstI, PvuII and XhoI), while those of others were after single-digestion by BamHI and/or PstI. MtDNA size varied from the smallest 49 kb in one strain of F. avenaceum to the largest 116 kb in one strain of F. culmorum. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed a large interspecific variation, thus all the species were identified by their restriction fragment patterns and assigned to individual clusters except for F. tricinctum in that a strain studied showed identical patterns to one of two strains of F. sporotrichioides. Considerable intraspecific variation including size variation was also detected. These results indicated a high incidence of insertions/deletions both between and within species. On the basis of results obtained by the cluster analysis, some aspects of taxonomy in these Fusarium species were discussed.
{"title":"Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNAs from seven Fusarium species causing Fusarium head blight.","authors":"N. Kodo, C. Nakamura, H. Kato, Takumi Yoshiawa, N. Mori, C. Kaneda","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.435","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) were purified by CsCl/bisbenzimide density-gradient ultracentrifugation from 21 strains of seven Fusarium species that cause fusarium head blight and mycotoxin contamination in wheat and other cereals. A partial PstI clone bank, from which one of twelve PstI fragments (14.7 kb) is missing, was constructed using mtDNA from strain KU-1615 of F. graminearum. Molecular sizes of mtDNAs of single representative strains from the seven species were determined after single-, double- and triple-digestion by four or five restriction enzymes (BamHI, MluI, PstI, PvuII and XhoI), while those of others were after single-digestion by BamHI and/or PstI. MtDNA size varied from the smallest 49 kb in one strain of F. avenaceum to the largest 116 kb in one strain of F. culmorum. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed a large interspecific variation, thus all the species were identified by their restriction fragment patterns and assigned to individual clusters except for F. tricinctum in that a strain studied showed identical patterns to one of two strains of F. sporotrichioides. Considerable intraspecific variation including size variation was also detected. These results indicated a high incidence of insertions/deletions both between and within species. On the basis of results obtained by the cluster analysis, some aspects of taxonomy in these Fusarium species were discussed.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"4688 3 1","pages":"435-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84108542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To restore wild type phenotypes in mutants controlled by recessive genes, microinjection of whole genomic DNA into recipient macronucleus in Paramecium caudatum was performed. Donor DNA carrying three wild-type genetic markers (exocytosis, behavior and mating type) was introduced into a recipient cell which was a triple recessive homozygote for the corresponding genes. Of the three phenotypes, a trichocyst non-discharge mutant TND converted to wild type by microinjection of not only total genomic DNA but also fractionated restriction fragments, although the restored phenotype was not complete. This transformation was more efficient when injection was performed by using the recipient cells of S phase, compared with the cells of G1 phase. This successful restoration of wild type phenotype gives us hope for cloning mutated genes, especially when no information about gene products is available. We discuss the advantage of this total genomic DNA injection and the possibility of target gene cloning using this strategy.
{"title":"Injection of total genomic DNA and restoration of wild type phenotype in trichocyst non-discharge mutant TND of Paramecium caudatum","authors":"H. Endoh, K. Mikami, M. Hori, Mihoko Takahashi","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.633","url":null,"abstract":"To restore wild type phenotypes in mutants controlled by recessive genes, microinjection of whole genomic DNA into recipient macronucleus in Paramecium caudatum was performed. Donor DNA carrying three wild-type genetic markers (exocytosis, behavior and mating type) was introduced into a recipient cell which was a triple recessive homozygote for the corresponding genes. Of the three phenotypes, a trichocyst non-discharge mutant TND converted to wild type by microinjection of not only total genomic DNA but also fractionated restriction fragments, although the restored phenotype was not complete. This transformation was more efficient when injection was performed by using the recipient cells of S phase, compared with the cells of G1 phase. This successful restoration of wild type phenotype gives us hope for cloning mutated genes, especially when no information about gene products is available. We discuss the advantage of this total genomic DNA injection and the possibility of target gene cloning using this strategy.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"38 1","pages":"633-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90738752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Martínez, K. Arumuganathan, Harumi Kikuchi, E. Earle
Accurate estimations of nuclear DNA content of rice are important because this crop is being used in many types of molecular studies. The main objective of this study was to estimate the nuclear DNA content in ten rice species by flow cytometry. Most of the values obtained were lower than those obtained in earlier studies using Feulgen microdensitometry. Significant differences in genome size among rice species were found. Oryza glaberrima had the smallest genome (0.73-0.76 pg/2C), while O. minuta and O. latifolia had the largest values (ca. 2.33 pg/2C). Tetraploid species had more nuclear DNA than diploid ones. The AA genome had less DNA (0.86-0.96 pg/2C) than the CC (1.14-1.17 pg/2C) and EE (1.99 pg/2C) genomes. The AA genome of O. saliva was larger than the AgA g genome of O. glaberrima and the A1A 1 genome of O. longistaminata, which had mean values of 0.73-0.76 and 0.78 pg/2C, respectively. Indica (IR36) and japonica (Yukihikari) cultivars of O. saliva also showed significant differences. Three different nuclear DNA levels (1.93, 1.85, and 1.31 pg/2C) were found among five O. ridleyi plants analyzed. Flow cytometry also allowed rapid and reliable determination of the ploidy level of anther culture-derived plants.
{"title":"Nuclear DNA content of ten rice species as determined by flow cytometry","authors":"C. Martínez, K. Arumuganathan, Harumi Kikuchi, E. Earle","doi":"10.1266/JJG.69.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.69.513","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimations of nuclear DNA content of rice are important because this crop is being used in many types of molecular studies. The main objective of this study was to estimate the nuclear DNA content in ten rice species by flow cytometry. Most of the values obtained were lower than those obtained in earlier studies using Feulgen microdensitometry. Significant differences in genome size among rice species were found. Oryza glaberrima had the smallest genome (0.73-0.76 pg/2C), while O. minuta and O. latifolia had the largest values (ca. 2.33 pg/2C). Tetraploid species had more nuclear DNA than diploid ones. The AA genome had less DNA (0.86-0.96 pg/2C) than the CC (1.14-1.17 pg/2C) and EE (1.99 pg/2C) genomes. The AA genome of O. saliva was larger than the AgA g genome of O. glaberrima and the A1A 1 genome of O. longistaminata, which had mean values of 0.73-0.76 and 0.78 pg/2C, respectively. Indica (IR36) and japonica (Yukihikari) cultivars of O. saliva also showed significant differences. Three different nuclear DNA levels (1.93, 1.85, and 1.31 pg/2C) were found among five O. ridleyi plants analyzed. Flow cytometry also allowed rapid and reliable determination of the ploidy level of anther culture-derived plants.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"60 1","pages":"513-523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76499811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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